FOOTNOTES:
[1] Columbia University Biological Series, Vol. I. New York and London, 1894. We must acknowledge our great indebtedness to this fine piece of work.
[2] op. cit. p. 41.
[3] See G. J. Romanes, "Aristotle as a Naturalist," Contemporary Review, Vol. lix. p. 275, 1891; G. Pouchet, La Biologie Aristotélique, Paris, 1885; E. Zeller, A History of Greek Philosophy, London, 1881, and "Ueber die griechischen Vorgänger Darwin's," Abhandl. Berlin Akad. 1878, pp. 111-124.
[4] op. cit. p. 81.
[5] op. cit. p. 87.
[6] See Brock, "Die Stellung Kant's zur Deszendenztheorie," Biol. Centralbl. viii. 1889, pp. 641-648. Fritz Schultze, Kant und Darwin, Jena, 1875.
[7] Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace writes: "We claim for Darwin that he is the Newton of natural history, and that, just so surely as that the discovery and demonstration by Newton of the law of gravitation established order in place of chaos and laid a sure foundation for all future study of the starry heavens, so surely has Darwin, by his discovery of the law of natural selection and his demonstration of the great principle of the preservation of useful variations in the struggle for life, not only thrown a flood of light on the process of development of the whole organic world, but also established a firm foundation for all future study of nature" (Darwinism, London, 1889, p. 9). See also Prof. Karl Pearson's Grammar of Science (2nd edit.), London, 1900, p. 32. See Osborn, op. cit. p. 100.
[8] Experimental Evolution. London, 1892. Chap. I. p. 14.
[9] See J. Arthur Thomson, The Science of Life. London, 1899, Chap. XVI. "Evolution of Evolution Theory."
[10] See Carus Sterne (Ernst Krause), Die allgemeine Weltanschauung in ihrer historischen Entwickelung. Stuttgart, 1889. Chapter entitled "Beständigkeit oder Veränderlichkeit der Naturwesen."
[11] Zoonomia, or the Laws of Organic Life, 2 vols. London, 1794; Osborn, op. cit. p. 145.
[12] See Alpheus S. Packard, Lamarck, the Founder of Evolution, His Life and Work, with Translations of his writings on Organic Evolution. London, 1901.
[13] See Edward Clodd, Pioneers of Evolution, London, p. 161, 1897.
[14] See Chapter ix. "The Genetic View of Nature" in J. T. Merz's History of European Thought in the Nineteenth Century, Vol. 2, Edinburgh and London, 1903.
[15] See Prof. W. A. Locy's Biology and its Makers. New York, 1908. Part II. "The Doctrine of Organic Evolution."
[16] Presidential Address to the British Association meeting at Dublin in 1908.
[17] See in particular Samuel Butler, Evolution Old and New, London, 1879; J. L. de Lanessan, "Buffon et Darwin," Revue Scientifique, XLIII. pp. 385-391, 425-432, 1889.
[18] op. cit. p. 136.
[19] See Ernest Krause and Charles Darwin, Erasmus Darwin, London, 1879.
[20] Osborn, op. cit. p. 142.
[21] See E. Perrier, La Philosophie Zoologique avant Darwin, Paris, 1884; A. de Quatrefages, Darwin et ses Précurseurs Français, Paris, 1870; Packard, op. cit.; also Claus, Lamarck als Begründer der Descendenzlehre, Wien, 1888; Haeckel, Natural History of Creation, Eng. transl. London, 1879; Lang, Zur Charakteristik der Forschungswege von Lamarck und Darwin, Jena, 1889.
[22] See Huxley's article "Evolution in Biology," Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.), 1879, pp. 744-751, and Sully's article, "Evolution in Philosophy," ibid. pp. 751-772.
[23] See Haeckel, Die Naturanschauung von Darwin, Goethe und Lamarck, Jena, 1882.
[24] Origin of Species (6th edit.), p. xvii.
[25] The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Vol. 1. p. 83. London, 1887.
[26] A. R. Wallace, My Life, a Record of Events and Opinions, London, 1905, Vol. 1, p. 232.
[27] My Life, Vol. 1. p. 361.
[28] P. Geddes. article "Biology." Chambers's Encyclopaedia.
[29] Origin of Species (6th edit.), p. xv.
[30] Life and Letters, ii, p. 301.
[31] Science Progress, New Series, Vol. 1. 1897. "A Remarkable Anticipation of Modern Views on Evolution." See also Chap. vi. in Essays on Evolution, Oxford, 1908.
[32] See Prof. Patrick Geddes's article "Variation and Selection," Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th edit.) 1888.
II
THE SELECTION THEORY
By August Weismann