CONTENTS

MAP [viii]

INTRODUCTION [ix]

I. ROBERT MANNYNG OF BRUNNE'S HANDLYNG SYNNE [ 1]

The Dancers of Colbek [4]

II. SIR ORFEO [13]

III. MICHAEL OF NORTHGATE'S AYENBYTE OF INWYT [32]

How Mercy increases Temporal Goods [33]

IV. RICHARD ROLLE OF HAMPOLE [36]

A. Love is Life [ 37]

B. The Nature of the Bee [41]

C. The Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost [42]

V. SIR GAWAYNE AND THE GRENE KNIGHT [44]

The Testing of Sir Gawayne [46]

VI. THE PEARL, ll. 361-612 [57]

VII. THE GEST HYSTORIALE OF THE DESTRUCTION OF TROY [68]

Prologue [69]

The XXXI Book: Of the Passage of the Grekys fro Troy [72]

VIII. PIERS PLOWMAN [76]

A. From the B-Text, Passus VI [78]

B. From the C-Text, Passus VI [89]

IX. MANDEVILLE'S TRAVELS [94]

[Ethiopia.—Of Diamonds] From chap. xiv (xviii), f. 65 b. [96]

[Beyond Cathay] Chap. xxvi (xxx), f. 112 a. [100]

Epilogue [104]

X. JOHN BARBOUR'S BRUCE [107]

[An Assault on Berwick (1319)] The Bruce, Bk. xvii, ll. 593 ff. [108]

XI. JOHN WICLIF [115]

A. The Translation of the Bible [117]

B. Of Feigned Contemplative Life [119]

XII. JOHN GOWER [129]

A. Ceix and Alceone [131]

B. Adrian and Bardus [137]

XIII. JOHN OF TREVISA'S TRANSLATION OF HIGDEN'S POLYCHRONICON [145]

A. The Marvels of Britain [146]

B. The Languages of Britain [148]

XIV. POLITICAL PIECES [151]

A. On the Scots, by Minot [152]

B. The Taking of Calais, by Minot [153]

C. On the Death of Edward III [157]

D. John Ball's Letter to the Peasants of Essex [160]

E. On the Year 1390-1 [161]

XV. MISCELLANEOUS PIECES IN VERSE [162]

A. Now Springs the Spray [163]

B. Spring [164]

C. Alysoun [165]

D. The Irish Dancer [166]

E. The Maid of the Moor [167]

F. The Virgin's Song [167]

G. Judas [168]

H. The Blacksmiths [169]

I. Rats Away [170]

XVI. THE YORK PLAY 'HARROWING OF HELL' [171]

XVII. THE TOWNELEY PLAY OF NOAH [185]

NOTES [204]

APPENDIX: THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY [265]


INTRODUCTION