TABLE X
| Av. % of difference in favor of | Av. % of difference in favor of | Av. % of difference in favor of | ||||
| Cases | Right | Cases | Left | Cases | No tendency | |
| Angier | 1 | 25 | 6 | 17.9 | 9 | 5.7 |
| Davison | 5 | 26.4 | 1 | 10.8 | 6 | 6.2 |
| Dunlap | 7 | 18.3 | 4 | 4.4 | ||
| Holt | 2 | 13.6 | 7 | 17.6 | 4 | 3.2 |
| Hylan | 8 | 23.6 | 7 | 6.7 | ||
| Meakin | 2 | 19.2 | 1 | 29.6 | 8 | 5.5 |
| Meriam | 2 | 16.5 | 2 | 12.9 | 7 | 6.8 |
| Moore | 2 | 11 | 3 | 16.6 | 7 | 3.1 |
| Peterson | 1 | 13.6 | 1 | 12.2 | 9 | 4.3 |
| Rogers | 4 | 21.9 | 2 | 15.9 | 6 | 4.5 |
| Rouse | 3 | 15.5 | 8 | 5.1 | ||
| Shaw | 3 | 20.9 | 5 | 18 | 7 | 6.1 |
| Windate | 1 | 22.8 | 4 | 19.5 | 7 | 4.5 |
| Yerkes | 6 | 26.6 | 8 | 5.2 | ||
| Henry | 1 | 10 | 2 | 16.6 | 3 | 8.1 |
| Woods | 3 | 19.3 | 3 | 4.8 |
1. The Space-Error.
Table X presents to us a summary of the values of the space-error tendency. (1) Taken as a whole they fall into all the three classes that are possible; (a) favoring right; (b) favoring left; (c) no marked tendency. (2) There is no observer that does not at some time show a fairly marked tendency. (3) All the observers fall into (c) and all but five into both (a) and (b). (4) More favor the left than the right,—50 to 35. (5) This survey makes it clear that the observers agree neither with themselves nor with each other in the direction of influence exerted by the causes underlying the space-error.
a. Special Experiments to establish the Facts. It might be suspected that irregularities would be more apparent where other factors such as we have been studying enter to complicate the situation from the point of view of pure relative position of the two groups. Table XI presents the answer to this query. The cards used contained groups of gray circles (Gray Darker, Prang) arranged in equal areas of the usual size and shape. The distribution-error was eliminated, though not by duplication, and the small-difference cards were retained. The Two-Group Apparatus was used, with an exposure of 65 sec.