TABLE XI. EXPERIMENTS IN TURNING

Nos.		10	12	14	16	18	Sum		7	9	15	17	25	Sum
	I							III
90°–		8	5	6	8	10	37		2	4	7	5	5	23
90°		4	6	7	2	2	21		3	1				4
90°+		8	9	7	10	8	42		5	5	3	5	5	23
	II							IV
90°–		2	1	2		2	7			9	3	1	2	15
90°		1		1		2	4		3	5	3	3	1	16
90°+		7	9	7	10	6	39		12	1	9	11	11	44
Nos.		41	43	46	48	64	Sum								Sum
	V														Totals
90°–		9	11	12	14	2	48								130
90°		2	1	2	1	3	9								54
90°+		9	8	6	5	15	43								191

Table XI. No. II, first row, 90deg: the minus was added.

In this table the first line indicates the number of times each animal turned less than 90° when starting off from the position in which it was set, the second line the number of times the amount of turn was practically 90°, and the third more than 90°. The five parts of the table mark the different conditions; in Part I twenty observations were made on each animal placed on a level board before the window, and set now with the right now with the left side toward the window. In Parts II and III the animals were set with the head turned now toward now away from the window. In Parts IV and V the animals were placed on a level board in the middle of a darkened room with a 2 c. light about three feet above them. This was to exclude any possible directive influence of light. In all cases the operator was concealed by a screen. In Parts I and V twenty observations were made on each animal, in II and III ten, and in IV fifteen.

Rarely the animal would turn completely round and start off in the direction originally set, but usually the turn was between 90° and 180°. When once the animal began to move off, it would ordinarily keep to an approximately straight line. How seldom this was observed when the animals were first set down may be judged from the fact that out of a total of 375 observations in only 18 did the animals move straight ahead from their original position. From the table we observe that in over 65% of the cases (a proportion of almost two to one) the animals turned through 90° or more before starting off. At present the writer has no explanation to offer for this phenomenon.