TABLE XVIII
TWO WORDS—WHOLE AND PART—SPOKEN
Time—15 seconds.
Characters—same as Table I.
| (1) Crowd—Man | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. | | | + | + | ||||||
| M. | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| F. | + | + | + | + | + | ||||
| H. | |||||||||
| J. | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | + | + |
| S. | – | – | – | – | |||||
| V. | + | + | + | α | α | α | α | α | α |
| E. | | | + | + | + | |||||
| L. | | | | | | | | | |||||
| Bs. | α | α | α | α | α | α | |||
| Br. | | | | | | | | | | | + | + | ||
(1) Crowd—Man
(2) Ton—Pound
(3) Moose—Horn
(4) Engine—Whistle
(5) Book—Page
(6) Music—Octave
| | | – | + | α | β | ||
| A. | { | 4 | 3 | 24 | 0 | 0 |
| 12.9% | 9.6% | 77.5% | ||||
| M. | { | 13 | 0 | 27 | 2 | 0 |
| 30.9% | 64.2% | 4.9% | ||||
| F. | { | 7 | 3 | 22 | 1 | 0 |
| 20.6% | 8.8% | 64.8% | 5.8% | |||
| H. | { | 28 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 73.6% | 13.2% | 13.2% | ||||
| J. | { | 21 | 1 | 17 | 6 | 0 |
| 46.6% | 2.3% | 37.8% | 13.3% | |||
| S. | { | 25 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 67.5% | 32.5% | |||||
| V. | { | 4 | 2 | 16 | 10 | 0 |
| 12.5% | 6.3% | 50.1% | 31.1% | |||
| E. | { | 11 | 3 | 9 | 5 | 0 |
| 39.2% | 10.8% | 32.2% | 17.8% | |||
| L. | { | 14 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| 58.4% | 25.0% | 16.6% | ||||
| Bs. | { | 15 | 2 | 11 | 6 | 0 |
| 44.2% | 5.8% | 32.4% | 17.6% | |||
| Br. | { | 25 | 0 | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| 58.2% | 20.9% | 20.9% | ||||
| Totals | { | 167 | 37 | 139 | 39 | 5 |
| 43.2% | 9.5% | 35.9% | 10.0% | 1.4% |
Number of subjects, 11; number of sections, 6; number of experiments, 62; number of associations, 387.
GROUP X
In the last group the words were called whole and part, although the reader no doubt observed that this was not always strictly the case, but rather that the more complex was more influential as a word-suggester than the simple and often tended to include it. Can this be demonstrated in another way? Attention was called in Group of Experiments IV (two pictures shown) that picture no. 3 (a man sawing wood), although first, had more than the normal number of associations, the explanation of which might lie in the fact that it contained more objects. We here attempt to test this by comparing a comparatively complex and a comparatively simple picture as starting-points. It has been clearly proven that the second picture to be presented has a decided advantage of position. The simple picture is here given the advantage of position. The notes show the first to be more important, while there is no suggestion of the first including the second, on account of there being less fusion than for words and more independent associations for the second starting-point; the averages are 38.5% for the first, 30.5% for the second, 31.0% fusion.
| (a) | Picture of Blacksmith shoeing horse | |
| (b) | Picture of a Sheep. | |
| | | shop | (a) |
| | | nails | shop |
| | | shoe | shop and (a) |
| | | blacksmith | shop and shoe and (a) |
| | | Longfellow | blacksmith |
| – | pasture | (b) |
| – | sheep | pasture |
| – | lambs | pasture and sheep |
| – | grass | pasture and lambs |
| – | hillsides | grass |
| – | brook | pasture and hillsides |
| | | iron | shop–shoe |
| | | hammering | iron |
| | | soldier | iron–hammering and first group |
| | | battle | soldier |
| | | shoe | battle |
| | | horse-shoe nail | iron, hammering, soldier, battle |
| | | anvil | horse-shoe nail |