DISINFECTANTS

Disinfecting Fluids.—

I.—	Creosote	40 gallons
	Rosin, powdered	56 pounds
	Caustic soda lye, 38° Tw	9 gallons
	Boiling water	12 gallons
	Methylated spirit	1 gallon
	Black treacle	14 pounds

Melt the rosin and add the creosote; run in the lyes; then add the matter and methylated spirit mixed together, and add the treacle; boil all till dissolved and mix well together.

II.—	Hot water	120 pounds
	Caustic soda lye, 38° B	120 pounds
	Rosin	300 pounds
	Creosote	450 pounds

Boil together the water, lye, and rosin, till dissolved; turn off steam and stir in the creosote; keep on steam to nearly boiling all the time, but so as not to boil over, until thoroughly incorporated.

III.—	Fresh-made soap (hard yellow)	7 pounds
	Gas tar	21 pounds
	Water, with 2 pounds soda	21 pounds

Dissolve soap (cut in fine shavings) in the gas tar; then add slowly the soda and water which has been dissolved.

IV.—	Rosin	1 cwt.
	Caustic soda lye, 18° B	16 gallons
	Black tar oil	¹/₂ gallon
	Nitro-naphthalene dissolved in boiling water (about ¹/₂ gallon)	2 pounds

Melt the rosin, add the caustic lye; then stir in the tar oil and add the nitro-naphthalene.

V.—	Camphor	1 ounce
	Carbolic acid (75 per cent)	12 ounces
	Aqua ammonia	10 drachms
	Soft salt water	8 drachms

To be diluted when required for use.

VI.—	Heavy tar oil	10 gallons
VI.—	Caustic soda dissolved in 5 gallons water 600° F	30 pounds

Mix the soda lyes with the oil, and heat the mixture gently with constant stirring; add, when just on the boil, 20 pounds of refuse fat or tallow and 20 pounds of soft soap; continue the heat until thoroughly saponified, and add water gradually to make up 40 gallons. Let it settle; then decant the clear liquid.

Disinfecting Fluids Or Weed-killers.—

I.—Cold water, 20 gallons; powdered rosin, 56 pounds; creosote oil, 40 gallons; sulphuric acid, ¹/₂ gallon; caustic soda lye, 30° B., 9 gallons.

Heat water and dissolve the rosin; then add creosote and boil to a brown mass and shut off steam; next run in sulphuric acid and then the lyes.

II.—	Water	40 gallons
	Powdered black rosin	56 pounds
	Sulphuric acid	2 ¹/₂ gallons
	Creosote	10 gallons
	Melted pitch	24 pounds
	Pearlash boiled in 10 gallons water	56 pounds

Boil water and dissolve rosin and acid; then add creosote and boil well again; add pitch and run in pearlash solution (boiling); then shut off steam.

III. (White).—Water, 40 gallons; turpentine, 2 gallons; ammonia, ¹/₂ gallon; carbolic crystals, 14 pounds; caustic lyes, 2 gallons; white sugar, 60 pounds, dissolved in 40 pounds water.

Heat water to boiling, and add first turpentine, next ammonia, and then carbolic crystals. Stir well until thoroughly dissolved, and add lyes and sugar solution.

Disinfecting Powders.

I.—	Sulphate of iron	100 parts
	Sulphate of zinc	50 parts
	Oak bark, powder	40 parts
	Tar	5 parts
	Oil	5 parts

II.—Mix together chloride of lime and burnt umber, add water, and set on plates. {263}

Blue Sanitary Powder.—

Powdered alum	2 pounds
Oil of eucalyptus	12 ounces
Rectified spirits of tar	6 ounces
Rectified spirit of turpentine	2 ounces
Ultramarine blue (common)	³/₄ ounces
Common salt	14 pounds

Mix alum with about 3 pounds of salt in a large mortar, gradually add oil of eucalyptus and spirits, then put in the ultramarine blue, and lastly remaining salt, mixing all well, and passing through a sieve.

Carbolic Powder.

Color with aniline dye and then pass through a moderately fine sieve and put into tins or casks and keep air-tight.

Pink Carbolized Sanitary Powder.—

Powdered alum	6 ounces
Powdered green copperas	5 pounds
Powdered red lead	5 pounds
Calvert’s No. 5 carbolic acid	12 ¹/₂ pounds
Spirit of turpentine	1 ¹/₂ pounds
Calais sand	10 pounds
Slaked lime	60 pounds

Mix carbolic acid with turpentine and sand, then add the other ingredients, lastly the slaked lime and, after mixing, pass through a sieve. It is advisable to use lime that has been slaked some time.

Cuspidor Powder.

Deodorants For Water-closets.—

I.—	Ferric chloride	4 parts
	Zinc chloride	5 parts
	Aluminum chloride	5 parts
	Calcium chloride	4 parts
	Magnesium chloride	3 parts
	Water sufficient to make	90 parts

Dissolve, and add to each gallon 10 grains thymol and ¹/₄ ounce oil of rosemary, previously dissolved in about 6 quarts of alcohol, and filter.

II.—	Sulphuric acid, fuming	90 parts
	Potassium permanganate	45 parts
	Water	4,200 parts

Dissolve the permanganate in the water, and add under the acid. This is said to be a most powerful disinfectant, deodorizer, and germicide. It should not be used where there are metal trimmings.

Formaldehyde For Disinfecting Books, Papers, Etc.

There is much difference of opinion as to the disinfecting and deodorizing power of formaldehyde when used to disinfect wooden tierces. While some have found it to answer well, others have got variable results, or failed of success. The explanation seems to be that those who have obtained poor results have not allowed time for the disinfectant to penetrate the pores of the wood, the method of application being wrong. The solution is thrown into the tierce, which is then steamed out at once, whereby the aldehyde is volatilized before it has had time to do its work. If the formal and the steam, instead of being used in succession, were used together, the steam would carry the disinfectant into the pores of the wood. But a still better plan is to give the aldehyde more time. {264}

Another point to be remembered in all cases of disinfection by formaldehyde is that a mechanical cleansing must precede the action of the antiseptic. If there are thick deposits of organic matter which can be easily dislodged with a scrubbing brush, they can only be disinfected by the use of large quantities of formaldehyde used during a long period of time.

General Disinfectants.—

I.—	Alum	10 ounces
	Sodium carbonate	10 ounces
	Ammonium chloride	2 ounces
	Zinc chloride	1 ounce
	Sodium chloride	2 ounces
	Hydrochloric acid, quantity sufficient.
	Water to make	1 gallon.

Dissolve the alum in one half gallon of boiling water, and add the sodium carbonate; then add hydrochloric acid until the precipitate formed is dissolved. Dissolve the other salt in water and add to the previous solution. Finally add enough water to make the whole measure 1 gallon, and filter.

In use, this is diluted with 7 parts of water.

II.—For the Sick Room.—In using this ventilate frequently: Guaiac, 10 parts; eucalyptol, 8 parts; phenol, 6 parts; menthol, 4 parts; thymol, 2 parts; oil of cloves, 1 part; alcohol of 90 per cent, 170 parts.

Atomizer Liquid for Sick Rooms.—

		by weight
III.—	Eucalyptol	10 parts
	Thyme oil	5 parts
	Lemon oil	5 parts
	Lavender oil	5 parts
	Spirit, 90 per cent	110 parts

To a pint of water a teaspoonful for evaporation.

Non-Poisonous Sheep Dips.—Paste.—

I.—	Creosote (containing 15 per cent to 20 per cent of carbolic acid)	2 parts
	Stearine or Yorkshire grease specific gravity, 1340	1 part
	Black rosin, 5 per cent to 10 per cent.

Melt the rosin and add grease and soda lyes, and then add creosote cold.

II.—	Creosote	1 part
II.—	Crude hard rosin oil	1 part

Put rosin oil in copper and heat to about 220° F., and add as much caustic soda powder, 98 per cent strength, as the oil will take up. The quantity depends upon the amount of acetic acid in the oil. If too much soda is added it will remain at the bottom. When the rosin oil has taken up the soda add creosote, and let it stand.

Odorless Disinfectants.—

I.—	Ferric chloride	4 parts
	Zinc chloride	5 parts
	Aluminum chloride	5 parts
	Calcium chloride	4 parts
	Manganese chloride	3 parts
	Water	69 parts

If desired, 10 grains thymol and 2 fluidrachms oil of rosemary, previously dissolved in about 12 fluidrachms of alcohol, may be added to each gallon.

II.—	Alum	10 parts
	Sodium carbonate	10 parts
	Ammonium chloride	2 parts
	Sodium chloride	2 parts
	Zinc chloride	1 part
	Hydrochloric acid, sufficient.
	Water	100 parts

Dissolve the alum in about 50 parts boiling water and add the sodium carbonate. The resulting precipitate of aluminum hydrate dissolve with the aid of just sufficient hydrochloric acid, and add the other ingredients previously dissolved in the remainder of the water.

III.—	Mercuric chloride	1 part
	Cupric sulphate	10 parts
	Zinc sulphate	50 parts
	Sodium chloride	65 parts
	Water to make	1,000 parts.

Paris Salts.

Zinc sulphate	49 parts
Ammonia alum	49 parts
Potash permanganate	1 part
Lime	1 part

The ingredients are fused together, mixed with a little calcium chloride, and perfumed with thymol.

Platt’s Chlorides.—

I.—	Aluminum sulphate	6 ounces
	Zinc chloride	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Sodium chloride	2 ounces
	Calcium chloride	3 ounces
	Water enough to make	2 pints.

II.—A more elaborate formula for a preparation said to resemble the proprietary article is as follows: {265}

Zinc, in strips	4 ounces
Lead carbonate	2 ounces
Chlorinated lime	1 ounce
Magnesium carbonate	¹/₂ ounce
Aluminum hydrate	1 ¹/₂ ounces
Potassium hydrate	¹/₂ ounce
Hydrochloric acid	16 ounces
Water	16 ounces
Whiting, enough.

Dissolve the zinc in the acid; then add the other salts singly in the order named, letting each dissolve before the next is added. When all are dissolved add the water to the solution, and after a couple of hours add a little whiting to neutralize any excess of acid; then filter.

Zinc chloride ranks very low among disinfectants, and the use of such solutions as these, by giving a false sense of security from disease germs, may be the means of spreading rather than of checking the spread of sickness.

Disinfecting Coating.

DISTEMPER IN CATTLE: See Veterinary Formulas.

DIURETIC BALL: See Veterinary Formulas.

DOG APPLICATIONS: See Insecticides.