PURIFYING WATER.
See also Filters.
If an emulsion of clay is poured into a soap solution, the clay gradually separates out without clarifying the liquid. When a few drops of hydrochloric acid, however, are added to a soap solution and a small quantity—about 1.5 per cent—of a clay emulsion poured in, the liquid clarifies at once, with formation of a plentiful sediment. Exactly the same process takes place when the waste waters from the combing process in spinning are treated with clay. The waters which remain turbid for several days contain 500 to 800 grams of fatty substances per cubic meter. If to 1 liter of this liquid 1 gram of clay is added, with 15 to 20 per cent of water, the liquid clarifies with separation of a sediment and assumes a golden-brown {741} color. Besides the fatty substances, this deposit also contains a certain quantity of nitrogenous bodies. Dried at (100° C.) 212° F., it weighs about 1.6 grams and contains 30 per cent of fat. The grease obtained from it is clear, of good quality, and deliquesces at 95° F. After removal of this fat, the mass still contains 1.19 per cent of nitrogen.
Sterilization of Water with Lime Chloride.
Clarifying Muddy Water.
Removal Of Iron From Drinking Water.
For Hardness.
Thirty-five parts of almond oil are mixed with 50 parts of glycerine of 1.26 specific gravity and 8.5 parts of 50 per cent soda lye, and boiled to saponification. To this mixture, when it has cooled to from 85° to 90° C. (185° to 194° F.), are added 100 to 125 parts of boiling water. After cooling again, 500 parts of water are added, and the solution is poured into a quart flask, with 94 per cent alcohol to make up a quart. After standing 2 months it is filtered. Twenty hydrolimeter degrees of this solution make, with 40 parts of a solution of 0.55 grams of barium chloride in 1 quart of water, a dense lather 1 centimeter high.
WATER (COPPER): See Copper.
WATER ICES: See Ice Creams.
WATER, TO FREEZE: See Refrigeration.
WATER JACKETS, ANTI-FREEZING SOLUTIONS FOR: See Freezing Preventives.
WATER SPOTS, PRIMING FOR: See Paint.
WATER STAINS: See Wood.
WATER-LILY ROOTS: See Pyrotechnics.
WATER, STIRRED YELLOW, SCARLET AND COLORLESS: See Pyrotechnics.
WATERS (TOILET): See Cosmetics.
WATER-GLASS CEMENTS: See Adhesives.
WATER GLASS IN STEREOCHROMATIC PAINTING: See Stereochromy.