VETERINARY FORMULAS

For Birds:

Asthma In Canaries.—

Tincture capsicum	5 drachms
Spirits chloroform	90 minims
Iron citrate, soluble	45 grains
Fennel water	3 ¹/₂ ounces

Give a few drops on lump of sugar in the cage once daily.

Colas.—

Tincture ferri perchloride	1 drachm
Acid hydrochloric, dil.	¹/₂ drachm
Glycerine	1 ¹/₂ drachms
Aqua camphor, q. s.	1 ounce

Use 3 to 6 drops in drinking water.

Ointment For Healing.—

Peru balsam	60 grains
Cola cream	1 ounce

Apply. {729}

Constipation In Birds.—

F. E. senna	2 drachms
Syrup manna	1 ounce
Fennel water, q. s.	4 ounces

Give a few drops on sugar in cage once daily.

Diarrhœa.—

Tincture iron chloride	2 drachms
Paregoric	2 drachms
Caraway water	3 ¹/₂ ounces

Give few drops on lump of sugar once daily.

Mocking-bird Food.—

Crackers	8 ounces
Corn	9 ounces
Rice	2 ounces
Hemp seed	1 ounce
Capsicum	10 grains

Mix and reduce to a coarse powder.

Foods For Red Birds.—

Sunflower seed	8 ounces
Hemp seed	16 ounces
Canary seed	10 ounces
Cracked wheat	8 ounces
Unshelled rice	6 ounces

Mix and grind to a coarse powder.

Canary-bird Food.—

Yolk of egg (dry)	2 ounces
Poppy heads (powdered)	1 ounce
Cuttlefish bone (powdered)	1 ounce
Sugar	2 ounces
Powdered crackers	8 ounces

Bird Tonic.—

Powdered capsicum	20 grains
Powdered gentian	1 drachm
Ferri peroxide	¹/₂ ounce
Powdered sugar	¹/₂ ounce
Syrup, q. s.

Put a piece size of pea in cage daily.

Tonic.—

I.—	Tincture cinchona	¹/₂ drachm
	Tincture iron	2 drops
	Glycerine	1 drachm
	Caraway water	1 ounce
	Put a few drops on lump of sugar in cage daily.
II.—	Compound tincture cinchona	2 drachms
	Compound tincture gentian	2 drachms
	Syrup orange	1 ounce
	Simple elixir	2 ¹/₂ ounces

Put a few drops on lump of sugar in the cage daily.

Antiseptic Wash For Cage Birds.—

Chinosol, F.	2 drachms
Sugar (burnt)	20 minims
Aqua cinnamon	4 ounces
Aqua	20 ounces

Add 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls to the bath water and allow the birds to use it, when it will quickly destroy all parasites or germs in the feathers. To wash out the cages, use a mixture of 1 tablespoonful in a pint of hot water.

Mixed Bird Seed.—

Sicily canary	10 ounces
German rape	2 ounces
Russian hemp	1 ounce
German millet	3 ounces

For Horses And Cattle:

Blistering.

Horse-colic Remedy.

Other formulas are:

II.—	Chloroform anodyne	1 ounce
	Spirit of nitrous ether	2 ounces
	Linseed oil	13 ounces

Give in one dose and repeat in an hour if necessary.

Condition Powders.

II.—Gentian, 4 ounces; potassium nitrate, 1 ounce; sulphur, 4 ounces; ginger (African), 4 ounces; antimony, 4 ounces; rosin, 2 ounces; Fœnugreek, 2 ounces; capsicum, 2 ounces; serpentaria, 2 ounces; sodium sulphate, 9 ounces; flaxseed meal, 16 ounces. All ingredients in fine powder. Dose: 1 tablespoonful in feed twice a day.

Veterinary Dose Table.

Drug.	Horses.	Cattle.
Aloes	1 to 8 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Alum	1 to 3 dr.	1 to 3 dr.
Aqua ammonia	3 to 5 dr.	3 to 5 dr.
Ammonia bromide	¹/₄ to 2 oz.	¹/₄ to 2 oz.
Ammonia carbonate	1 to 3 dr.	2 to 5 dr.
Ammonia iodide	¹/₂ to 3 dr.	1 to 5 dr.
Antimony black	15 to 50 gr.	——
Areca nut	3 to 5 dr.	——
Arsenic	5 to 12 gr.	5 to 12 gr.
Asafetida	1 to 4 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Belladonna leaves	¹/₂ to 2 oz.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Buchu leaves	¹/₂ to 3 oz.	¹/₂ to 4 oz.
Calaber bean	4 to 12 gr.	4 to 12 gr.
Camphor	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	2 to 3 dr.
Cantharides	5 to 25 gr.	12 to 30 gr.
Capsicum	1 to 2 dr.	1 to 3 dr.
Catechu	1 to 2 dr.	2 to 4 dr.
Chalk preparation	2 to 3 oz.	2 to 4 oz.
Chloral hydrate	¹/₂ to 1 ¹/₂ oz.	¹/₂ to 1 ¹/₂ oz.
Chloroform	¹/₂ to 1 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 dr.
Cinchona	1 to 3 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Copper sulphate	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	¹/₂ to 3 dr.
Creolin	1 to 5 dr.	2 to 5 dr.
Creosote	15 to 30 min.	1 to 2 dr.
Digitalis leaves	10 to 20 gr.	20 to 50 gr.
Dover powder	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 dr.
Ergot	¹/₄ to 1 oz.	¹/₄ to 1 oz.
Ether	¹/₂ to 2 ¹/₂ oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Ex. belladonna fluid	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	2 to 4 dr.
Extract buchu fluid	1 to 5 dr.	——
Extract cannabis indica	¹/₄ to ¹/₂ dr.	¹/₄ to 1 dr.
Fœnugreek	¹/₂ to 3 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Gallnuts	2 to 4 dr.	¹/₂ to 1 oz.
Gentian	2 to 6 dr.	¹/₂ to 1 oz.
Ginger	3 to 5 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Ipecac	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	¹/₂ to 3 dr.
Iron carbonate	1 to 2 dr.	——
Iron sulphate	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	1 to 3 dr.
Juniper berries	1 to 2 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Limewater	3 to 6 oz.	3 to 6 oz.
Magnesia sulphate	¹/₂ to 3 lb.	¹/₂ to 3 lb.
Mustard	2 to 4 dr.	2 to 6 dr.
Nux vomica	¹/₂ to 1 dr.	2 to 3 dr.
Oil castor	¹/₂ to 1 pt.	¹/₂ to 1 pt.
Oil Croton	10 to 20 min.	1 to 2 dr.
Oil juniper	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 dr.
Oil linseed	¹/₂ to 1 pt.	¹/₂ to 2 pt.
Oil olive	¹/₂ to 2 pt.	1 to 2 pt.
Oil savin	1 to 3 dr.	1 to 3 dr.
Oil turpentine	¹/₂ to 2 oz.	¹/₂ to 2 oz.
Opium	¹/₂ to 2 dr.	¹/₂ to 2 dr.
Potassium iodide	2 to 4 dr.	2 to 6 dr.
Potassium nitrate	1 to 2 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Potassium sulphide	1 to 2 dr.	1 to 2 dr.
Quinine	10 to 30 gr.	20 to 40 gr.
Rhubarb	¹/₂ to 1 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Santonine	15 to 40 gr.	¹/₂ to 1 dr.
Sodium hyposulphite	¹/₂ to 1 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Sodium sulphate	¹/₂ to 2 lb.	1 to 2 lb.
Sodium sulphite	¹/₂ to 1 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Spirits ammonia, aromatic	¹/₂ to 2 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Spirits chloroform	¹/₂ to 1 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Spirits nitrous ether	1 to 3 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Spirits peppermint	1 to 2 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Strychnine sulphite	¹/₂ to 1 gr.	1 to 3 gr.
Sulphur	2 to 4 oz.	2 to 4 oz.
Tincture aconite	5 to 30 min.	5 to 20 min.
Tincture asafetida	1 to 4 dr.	——
Tincture belladonna	1 to 3 dr.	2 to 4 dr.
Tincture cantharides	1 to 2 oz.	¹/₂ to 1 oz.
Tincture columbo	¹/₂ to 2 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Tincture digitalis	1 to 3 dr.	2 to 4 dr.
Tincture iron	1 to 2 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Tincture ginger	¹/₂ to 2 oz.	1 to 2 oz.
Tincture nux vomica	2 to 4 dr.	¹/₂ to 1 oz.
Tincture opium	¹/₂ to 3 oz.	1 to 3 oz.
Tobacco	¹/₂ to 1 dr.	¹/₂ to 1 dr.
Vinegar	1 to 3 oz.	2 to 6 oz.
Whisky	2 to 10 oz.	——
White vitriol	5 to 15 gr.	5 to 15 gr.

Astringent.—

I.—	Opium	12 grains
	Camphor	¹/₂ drachm
	Catechu	1 drachm
	One dose.
II.—	Opium	12 grains
	Camphor	1 drachm
	Ginger	2 drachms
	Castile soap	2 drachms
	Anise	3 drachms
	Licorice	2 drachms

Contracted Hoof Or Sore Feet.—

I.—	Lard	1 part
	Yellow wax	1 part
	Linseed oil	1 part
	Venice turpentine	1 part
	Tar	1 part

Apply to the edge of the hair once a day.

II.—	Rosin	4 ounces
	Lard	8 ounces
	Melt and add Powdered vertigris	1 ounce
	Stir well; when partly cool add Turpentine	2 ounces

Apply to hoof about 1 inch down from the hair.

Cough.—

I.—	Sodii bromide	180 grains
	Creosote water	2 ounces
	Fennel water	4 ounces

Half tablespoonful 4 times daily.

II.—	Ammonia bromide	180 grains
	Fennel water	4 ounces
	Syrup licorice	4 ounces

Teaspoonful 4 times daily.

Cow Powder.—

Powdered catechu	60 grains
Powdered ginger	240 grains
Powdered gentian	240 grains
Powdered opium	30 grains

Cuts, Wounds, Sores.

I.—Tincture opium, 2 ounces; tannin, ¹/₄ ounce.

II.—Tincture aloes, 1 ounce; tincture of myrrh, ¹/₂ ounce; tincture of opium, ¹/₂ ounce; water, 4 ounces. Apply night and morning.

III.—Lard, 4 ounces; beeswax, 4 ounces; rosin, 2 ounces; carbolic acid, ¹/₄ ounce.

Diarrhœa.—

I.—	Opium	15 grains
	Peppermint	¹/₄ ounce
	Linseed meal	1 ounce

Give half in morning and remainder in evening in a pint of warm water. {731}

II.—	Prepared chalk	6 ounces
	Catechu	3 ounces
	Opium	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Ginger	3 ounces
	Gentian	3 ounces

One powder 3 times a day in half a pint of warm water. One-sixth of dose for calves.

Diuretic Ball.—

I.—	Oil juniper	¹/₂ drachm
	Rosin	2 drachms
	Saltpeter	2 drachms
	Camphor	¹/₂ drachm
	Castile soap	1 ounce
	Flaxseed meal	1 ounce
	Make 1 pill.
II.—	Rosin	90 grains
	Potassium nitrate	90 grains
	Po buchu leaves	45 grains
	Dose: 1 twice a day.

Drying Drink.—

Powdered alum	6 ounces
Armenian bole	2 ounces
Powdered juniper berries	¹/₂ ounce

Once daily in 1 quart of warm gruel.

Epizooty Or Pinkeye.—

Sublimed sulphur	¹/₂ ounce
Epsom salt	1 ounce
Charcoal	¹/₂ ounce
Extract licorice	1 ounce

Fever.—

I.—	Salicylic acid	³/₄ ounce
	Sodium bicarbonate	¹/₂ ounce
	Magnesium sulphate	10 ounces

Give half in quart of warm bran water at night.

II.—	Spirits niter	3 ounces
	Tincture aconite	2 drachms
	Fluid extract belladonna	¹/₂ ounce
	Nitrate potash	2 ounces
	Muriate ammonia	2 ounces
	Water, q.s	1 quart

Dose: Teaspoonful every 2 or 3 hours till better.

Heaves.

Tablespoonful once a day.

II.—Saltpeter, 1 ounce; indigo, ¹/₂ ounce; rain or distilled water, 4 pints.

Dose: 1 pint twice a day.

Hide Bound.—

Elecampane	2 ounces
Licorice root	2 ounces
Fœnugreek	2 ounces
Rosin	2 ounces
Copperas	¹/₂ ounce
Ginger	2 drachms
Gentian	1 drachm
Saltpeter	1 drachm
Valerian	1 drachm
Linseed meal	3 ounces
Sublimed sulphur	1 ounce
Black antimony	4 drachms

Tablespoonful twice a day.

Horse Embrocations And Liniments.

I.—	Camphor	1 ounce
	Acetic acid	15 ounces
	Alcohol	18 ounces
	Oil turpentine	51 ounces
	Eggs	6
	Distilled witch hazel	45 ounces
II.—	Iodine	50 grains
	Pot iodide	125 grains
	Soap liniment	6 ounces

Influenza.

I.—	Ammonia muriate	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Gum camphor	¹/₂ ounce
	Pot chloride	1 ounce
	Extract licorice, powdered	2 ounces
	Molasses, q.s.

Make a mass. Dose: Tablespoonful in form of pill night and morning.

II.—	Ammonium chloride	30 parts
	Potassium nitrate	30 parts
	Potassium sulphate in little crystals	100 parts
	Licorice powder	65 parts

Mix. Dose: A tablespoonful, in a warm mash, 3 times daily.

Inflammation Of The Udder.

I.—	Salicylic acid	40 grains
	Mercurial ointment	1 ounce
	Liniment of camphor	3 ¹/₄ ounces
	Apply and rub the udder carefully twice a day.
II.—	Belladonna root	1 drachm
	Oil turpentine	1 ounce
	Camphor	1 drachm
	Solution green soap, q.s.	6 ounces

Mix and make a liniment. Bathe the udder several times with hot water. Dry and apply above liniment.

Mange.

Sulphur is a specific for mange; the trouble consists in its application. The {732} old-fashioned lotion of train oil and black sulphur serves well enough, but for stabled animals something is wanted which will effectually destroy the parasites in harness and saddlery without injury to those expensive materials. The creosote emulsions and coal-tar derivatives generally are fatal to the sarcopts if brought into actual contact, but a harness pad with ridges of accumulated grease is a sufficient retreat for a few pregnant females during a perfunctory disinfection, and but a few days will be needed to reproduce a new and vigorous stock. A cheap and efficient application can be made by boiling together flowers of sulphur and calcis hydras in the proportion of 4 parts of the former to 1 of the latter, and 100 of water, for half an hour. It should be applied warm, or immediately after washing with soft soap.

Milk Powder For Cows.

Potassium nitrate	1 part
Alum	1 part
Sublimed sulphur	1 part
Prepared chalk	1 part
White bole	2 parts
Red clover	5 parts
Anise	10 parts
Fennel	10 parts
Salt	10 parts

All should be in tolerably fine powder and should be well mixed. The directions are to give 1 or 2 handfuls with the morning feed.

Laxatives.

I.—	Aloes	1 drachm
	Soap	12 drachms
	Caraway	4 drachms
	Ginger	4 drachms
	Treacle, q.s.

Make 4 balls. Dose: 1 daily.

II.—	Rochelle salts	2 ounces
	Aloes, powdered	150 grains
	Linseed meal	150 grains

One dose, given in warm water.

Lice.—

Crude oil	1 ounce
Oil tar	1 ounce
Oil cedar	1 drachm
Cottonseed oil	5 ounces

Apply to parts.

Domestic Pets.

The sarcoptic itch of the dog, as well as that of the cat, is transmissible to man.

The Tinea tonsurans, the so-called barbers’ itch, due to a trychophyton, and affecting both the dog and cat, is highly contagious to man. Favus, Tinea favos, caused by achorion schoenleini, of both animals, is readily transmissible to human beings. The dog carries in his intestines many kinds of tœnia (tapeworm), among them Tœnia echinococcus, the eggs of which cause hydatic cysts. Hydatic cysts occur in persons who are always surrounded with dogs, or in constant contact with them.

Aviar diphtheria (i.e., the diphtheria of birds), caused by at least two microbes (bacillus of Klebs-Loeffler and bacillus coli), may easily be transmitted to man and cause in him symptoms analogous to those of true diphtheritic angina.

Parrots are subject to an infectious enteritis which may be communicated to human beings, giving rise to the so-called psittacosis (from the Greek, psitta, a parrot), of which there have been a number of epidemics in France. It is determined by the bacillus of Nocard.

Human tuberculosis is certainly transmitted to dogs, cats, and birds. Cadiot, Gibert, Roger, Benjamin, Petit, and Basset, as well as other observers, cite cases where dogs, cats, and parrots, presenting all the lesions of tuberculosis, were shown to have contracted it from contact with human beings; while there are no recorded cases, there can scarcely be a natural doubt that man may, in a similar manner, become attainted through them, and that their tuberculosis constitutes an actual danger to man.

Need we recall here the extraordinary facility with which hydrophobia is communicated to man through the dog, cat, etc.?

We may, therefore, conclude that we should not permit these animals to take up so much space in our apartments, nor should they be petted and caressed either by adults or children in the reckless manner common in many households. The disgusting habit of teaching animals to take bits of food, lumps of sugar, etc., from between the lips of members of the family is also to be shunned.

Finally, any or all of them should be banished from the house the moment that they display certain morbid symptoms. Besides, in certain cases, there should be a rigid prophylaxis against certain diseases—as echinococcus, for instance.

Worms.

Areca nut, freshly ground by the druggist himself and administered in liberal doses, say 30 to 60 grains, will usually drive out any worms in the alimentary canal.

It is important that animals successfully treated for worms once should undergo the treatment a second or third time, as all the parasites may not have been killed or removed the first time, or their progeny may have developed in the field vacated by the parents.

The following is an effective formula:

German wormseed, powdered	1 drachm
Fluid extract of spigelia	3 drachms
Fluid extract of senna	1 drachm
Fluid extract of valerian	1 drachm
Syrup of buckthorn	2 ounces

Dose: From ¹/₂ to 1 teaspoonful night and morning.

Foot Itch.

The treatment is simple. Having softened the feet by keeping them for some minutes in tepid water, the scabs that cover them are carefully detached, avoiding, as far as possible, causing them to bleed, and taking the precaution of throwing every scab into the fire. The feet are then carefully dried, with a bit of soft cotton material, which should afterwards be burned; then the entire surface is covered with ointment (Unguentum sulphuris kalinum). An alcoholic solution of Canada balsam is preferred by some. Protect the ointment by a proper appliance, and allow it to remain in contact 2 or 3 days. At the end of this time remove the applications and wash off with tepid suds. The bird will generally be found cured, but if not, repeat the treatment—removing the remaining scabs, which will be found soft enough without resorting to soaking in tepid water, and apply the ointment directly.

There is another method of treatment that has been found successful, which not only cures the infected birds but prevents the infection of others. It is simply providing a sand bath for the birds, under a little shed, where they can indulge themselves in rolling and scratching, the bath being composed of equal parts fine sand, charcoal in fine powder, ashes, and flowers of sulphur, sifted together. The bath should be renewed every week. In the course of a few weeks the cure is complete.

Foods.—

I.—	Powdered egg shell or phosphate of lime	4 ounces
	Iron sulphate	4 ounces
	Powdered capsicum	4 ounces
	Powdered Fœnugreek	2 ounces
	Powdered black pepper	1 ounce
	Silver sand	2 ounces
	Powdered lentils	6 ounces

A tablespoonful to be mixed with sufficient feed for 20 hens.

II.—	Oyster shell, ground	5 ounces
	Magnesia	1 ounce
	Calcium carbonate	3 ounces
	Bone, ground	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Mustard bran	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Capsicum	1 ounce

Powders.—

I.—	Cayenne pepper	2 parts
	Allspice	4 parts
	Ginger	6 parts

Powder and mix well together. A teaspoonful to be mixed with every pound of food, and fed 2 or 3 times a week. Also feed fresh meat, finely chopped.

II.—	Powdered egg shells	4 parts
	Powdered capsicum	4 parts
	Sulphate of iron	4 parts
	Powdered Fœnugreek	2 parts
	Powdered black pepper	1 part
	Sand	2 parts
	Powdered dog biscuit	6 parts

A tablespoonful to be mixed with sufficient meal or porridge to feed 20 hens. {734}

Lice Powders.—

I.—	Sulphur	4 ounces
	Tobacco dust	6 ounces
	Cedar oil	¹/₄ ounce
	White hellebore	4 ounces
	Crude naphthol	1 ounce
	Powdered chalk, q.s.	2 pounds
II.—	Sulphur	1 ounce
	Carbolic acid	¹/₄ ounce
	Crude naphthol	1 ounce
	Powdered chalk	1 pound

Roup Or Gapes.

I.—	Potassium chlorate	1 ounce
	Powdered cubebs	1 ounce
	Powdered anise	¹/₂ ounce
	Powdered licorice	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Mix a teaspoonful with the food for 20 hens.
II.—	Ammonium chloride	1 ounce
	Black antimony	¹/₄ ounce
	Powdered anise	¹/₂ ounce
	Powdered squill	¹/₄ ounce
	Powdered licorice	2 ounces
	Mix and use in the foregoing.

For Sheep:

Dips.

I.—	Soap	1 pound
	Crude carbolic acid	1 pint
	Water	50 gallons

Dissolve the soap in a gallon or more of boiling water, add the acid, and stir thoroughly.

II.—	Fresh skimmed milk	1 gallon
II.—	Kerosene	2 gallons

Churn together until emulsified, or mix and put into the mixture a force pump and direct the stream from the pump back into the mixture. The emulsification will take place more rapidly if the milk be added while boiling hot.

Use 1 gallon of this emulsion to each 10 gallons of water required.

Constipation.—

I.—	Green soap	150 grains
	Linseed oil	1 ¹/₂ ounces
	Water	15 ounces
	Give ¹/₅ every ¹/₂ hour till action takes place.
II.—	Calomel	1 ¹/₂ grains
II.—	Sugar	15 grains

One dose.

Loss Of Appetite.—

Sodium sulphate, dried	90 grains
Sodium bicarbonate	30 grains
Rhubarb	30 grains
Calamus	90 grains

Form the mass into 6 pills. Give one twice daily.

Inflammation Of The Eyes.—

Zinc sulphate	20 grains
Mucilage quince seed	4 ounces
Distilled water	4 ounces

Bathe eyes twice daily.