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FOOTNOTES:

[1] Reliquary and Illustrated Archæologist, vii., 229.

[2] Vestiges of the Antiquities of Derbyshire, 39; Ten Years’ Diggings, 54, 82.

[3] Journal of Derbyshire Archæo. and Nat. Hist. Soc., xii., 118.

[4] Pilkington, View of Derbyshire, ii., 424.

[5] Philosoph. Trans., 1759.

[6] Ten Years’ Diggings, 254.

[7] Ten Years’ Diggings, 93.

[8] Vestiges, 46.

[9] Proceedings, Society of Antiquaries, 1895.

[10] Ten Years’ Diggings, 87.

[11] See article, “Early Man,” Victoria History, Derbyshire.

[12] Proc. Soc. Ant., 1896.

[13] See Vestiges and Ten Years’ Diggings.

[14] Ten Years’ Diggings, 34.

[15] Proc. Soc. Ant., 1899.

[16] Vestiges, 57.

[17] British Barrows.

[18] Ten Years’ Diggings, 23.

[19] Reliquary, 1867.

[20] Vestiges, 33.

[21] Ten Years’ Diggings, 41.

[22] Vestiges, 72.

[23] Ten Years’ Diggings, 57.

[24] Ibid.

[25] Journal, Anthropological Institute, 1902.

[26] Vestiges, 80.

[27] Proc. Soc. Ant., 1895.

[28] Ten Years’ Diggings, 130.

[29] Ten Years’ Diggings, 179.

[30] British Barrows, 44; Evans’ Bronze Implements, 473.

[31] Bede, chap. xiii.

[32] Owing to the lamented death of the late Earl of Liverpool, the importance that would otherwise have attached to this article has been seriously diminished (see preface). The chief printed authorities for the history of the Foljambes are Nichols’ Collectanea Topographica et Genealogica (1834), i. 91–111, 333–361, ii. 68–90; Monumenta Foljambeana, by Lord Liverpool, in vols. xiv. and xv. of the Reliquary, and Jeayes’ Derbyshire Charters (1906), wherein there are abstracts of 230 Foljambe deeds at Osberton. See also numerous references in Cox’s Derbyshire Churches (4 vols.) and Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals (2 vols.).

[33] For full particulars of this chantry see Cox’s Churches of Derbyshire, ii., 286–291.

[34] Lord Liverpool put these conjectures in print in a preface to the fourth edition of Rev. J. M. J. Fletcher’s Tideswell Church, published in 1906. He had intended elaborating his reasons in this volume.

[35] See Cox’s Churches of Derbyshire, ii., 16, 17.

[36] The manner in which covenants of marriage were coolly made at the period by parents of the landed class, on behalf of their children, is remarkably illustrated by a covenant drawn up on 9th June, 1489, between Henry Foljambe, of Walton, and John Leake, of Sutton-in-the-Dale. By this document it was arranged that Godfrey Foljambe, son and heir of the said Henry (or in the event of his death Thomas Foljambe, second son), was to marry Catherine, daughter of the said John Leake, or in the event of her death, Muriel, the second daughter. It was further covenanted that John Leake, son and heir of the said John, was to marry Jane, daughter of the said Henry Foljambe.

[37] His brother, Godfrey Foljambe, married Margaret Fitzwilliam, the other co-heiress.

[38] See Cox’s Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals, i. 251–276.

[39] The emblem of this office, double money bags, is carved over the entrance gate to the inner courtyard.

[40] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxv., p. 59.

[41] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxiv., p. 40.

[42] Whitehall and Whitehough adjoin, and are about a mile from Bradshaw.

[43] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxiv., p. 42.

[44] In possession of the writer; printed in full in Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxv., p. 58.

[45] Harl. Society, vol. iv., page 1139.

[46] Annals of Hyde, by Thos. Middleton, p. 237.

[47] Forster’s Alumni Oxonienses.

[48] Vol. xxiii., p. 69.

[49] Vol. xv., p. 67.

[50] Vol. xxiii., p. 137.

[51] Reliquary, vol. xxiii., p. 134.

[52] Lincolnshire Pedigrees, Harl. Society, p. 109.

[53] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxi., p. 61.

[54] Reliquary, vol. viii., p. 189.

[55] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxiii., p. 83.

[56] Three Centuries of Derbyshire Annals, by Dr. Cox, vol. i., p. 38.

[57] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxv., p. 5. I am indebted to Mr. Gunson for much of the description of the actual building.

[58] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxv., p. 66.

[59] The lessee covenants to build a house “de octo laquearibus, Anglice viii. crukkes.”—Ling Roth’s The Yorkshire Coiners, 1906, p. 155.

[60] Boldon Buke (Surtees Soc.), pp. 26, 62.

[61] Document in Cox’s Annals of Derbyshire, vol. ii., p. 294.

[62] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xi., p. 21.

[63] Op. cit., vol. vi., p. 7.

[64] Familiæ Minorum Gentium, 647.

[65] Das Tägliche Leben in Skandinavien während des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts, Copenhagen, 1882, p. 12.

[66] Whitaker’s Craven, 1812, p. 334.

[67] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxiii., p. 89.

[68] Jeayes, Derbyshire Charters.

[69] Jeayes, Derbyshire Charters.

[70] Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum, Cambridge, 1897.

[71] Jeayes, op. cit.

[72] Jeayes, Derbyshire Charters.

[73] Feodarium, in the possession of the Duke of Norfolk.

[74] Derbyshire Archæological Journal.

[75] Jeayes, op. cit.

[76] Derbyshire Archæological Journal, vol. xxiii., 89.

[77] When the list of the Duchy of Lancaster Maps and Plans was recently drawn up and printed at the Public Record Office, the fact that these three portions belonged to the same map was not recognised; they are to be found under the respective numbers 7, 37, and 44.

[78] The following are the Record Office numbers of the maps of Charles I.’s time:—13, Taddington and Priestcliffe; 14, 17, 22, 72, Bowden Middlecale, etc.; 15, Castleton Commons; 18, Wormhill Commons; 19 and 107, Bradwell; 20, Mellor Moor and Commons; 23 and 79, Bowden Chapel; 38, Fairfield; 39, Hope; 40, Monyash; 89, Flagg and Chelmorton. There are also three of Charles II. date, viz.:—16, Hope, wastes and commons; 75, Taddington; and 83, Bowden Middlecale.

[79] See articles in the Athenæum for July 9th, 1904; June 24th, 1905; and September 8th, 1906.

[80] See the effigy upon his tomb in Eckington Church.

[81] These estates were considerable in the reign of Elizabeth. In the Derbyshire subsidy roll of 1596–7 Robert Sytwell is assessed at £20 a year in lands, John Curzon of Kedleston, the ancestor of Lord Scarsdale, at £21, William Cavendish, the first Earl of Devonshire, at £30, and John Manners of Haddon, the ancestor of the Duke of Rutland, at £40. Robert was sixth in descent from John Sitewell, who had a good estate at Eckington in the fourteenth century, as may be seen by a curious entry on the court roll for January, 1386–7.

[82] In the winter of 1661–2, 1,181 tons of sow iron valued at £6 a ton were made at these furnaces. This amount may be compared with the ten thousand tons which, according to Macaulay, represented the total annual output of iron in England at the close of Charles the Second’s reign.

[83] See the Derbyshire church notes of 1590 in Harleian MS. 6,592.

[84] All these courts and gardens are shown in a map of 1756, which gives also a small sketch of the house.

[85] The practice of archery was still considered a useful physical exercise for boys. In July, 1665, Starkye paid a shilling for a bow and arrows for Timothy Treeton, the orphan son of a substantial Eckington yeoman and then fourteen years of age.

[86] Letters from Mr. Sitwell’s sons at Aleppo and Seville always reached him at Christmas. The business of keeping Christmas seems to have ended with Twelfth Night. On December 22nd, 1662, Mr. Sitwell arranges to meet a former steward, Robert Haigh, “on Munday next after the Twelfth day.”

[87] The last mention I have found of rent capons is in a lease of 6th April, 1713, whereby Mr. Sitwell’s grandson and namesake lets to Thomas Staniforth a small farm at the Ford. Staniforth, in addition to the rent, was to pay “one good Rent Capon every Christmas.” Before the middle of the eighteenth century the practice of entertaining tenants at Renishaw had gone out, and on the 17th January, 1746–7, Francis Sitwell pays to Isaiah Dixon, who kept an ale-house at Eckington, his “Bill for entertaining my tenants last Christmas.”—See Fam. Min. Gent., ii., 841.

[88] He had been Proctor of Cambridge University in 1649, and after the Restoration was a chaplain to the King. Dr. Gardiner was a fine preacher, as may be seen from his sermon in praise of Derbyshire, quoted in the History of Ashbourne, 1839, page 204. A copy of his Assize sermon, entitled “Moses and Aaron brethren,” and dedicated to George Sitwell, Esquire, High Sheriff of the County of Darbie, may be seen in Sir Henry Bemrose’s library. Francis Sitwell had been his pupil at Corpus Christi. See also Master’s History of Corpus Christi College and the Gentleman’s Magazine for April, 1776.

[89] So harvest suppers were called in Derbyshire. The labourers at Renishaw were sometimes entertained earlier in the year:—

£ s. d.
“30 June, 1666. For 20 men’s Dinners att Stones att 8d. per man 0 13 4
”For ale then 0 6 8.”

Ellen Stones (her husband was a blackmith) kept an alehouse in Eckington. At these dinners or suppers John Hunt, who was the oldest labourer in Mr. Sitwell’s employment, took the chair.

[90] Lyson’s Derbyshire, 257.

[91] It was the common practice at this time to dine in the parlour, but at some houses meals were still served in the hall. Henry Hastings in Charles the First’s time certainly used his parlour for this purpose (see Lord Shaftesbury’s Autobiography), and the Sacheverells at Barton did so in 1680. In an inventory of Furniture at Renishaw, taken in 1698, “the long table” appears in the hall and not in the Great Parlour, and in the latter room was an old harpsichord. Mr. Sitwell and his son may sometimes have dined in the Little Parlour in cold weather when they were alone, but undoubtedly the hall was the proper dining-room of the house.

[92] Lyson’s Derbyshire, v.

[93] A payment of £1 in February, 1666–7, “about a horse’s leaping,” is recorded in Starkye’s account-book.

[94] In 1687, the old dog-kennels belonging to Staveley Hall were converted into cottages. See a deed at Hardwick from Conyers Lord Darcy to Thomas Frith, dated 24th September of that year. Country gentlemen in Derbyshire took at this time much pleasure in field sports. In Leonard Wheatcroft’s Elegy upon the death of all the greatest Gentry in Darley Dale who loved Huntinge and Hawkinge, written in 1672, he refers to the cry—

“Of great mouth’d doggs who did not feare to kill

Which was their master’s pleesure word and will,”

“ffarewell you Huntsmen that did hunt the Hare,

ffarewell you hounds that tired both horse and mare,

ffarewell you gallant Falkners every one.”

In these verses he especially mentions Mr. Sitwell’s son-in-law, William Revell of Ogston; in other pieces, written a few years later, he speaks of fox-hunting and horse-racing.

[95] Ralph Franceys of Friday Street, London, a descendant of the Foremark family. He, or his father, had served as Bailiff or Mayor of Derby in 1624 and 1632, and his mother was nearly related to the Sitwells.

[96] In February, 1665–6, Mr. Sitwell ordered from London a hundredweight of good white sugar, the Muscovados sugar consigned to him from Barbadoes having proved unfit for his use. For preserving, the whitest powdered sugar was necessary. (See Verney Letters, iii., 278.) In a pocket almanac of 1699 which belonged to Mr. Sitwell’s grandson and namesake, there is a note that the latter has lent to Mrs. Stringer his “wife’s two Receipts Bookes.” These have unfortunately been lost, but the receipt-book of a neighbour, Mrs. Colepeper, amongst the Colepeper MSS. in the British Museum, enables one to form some idea of their contents.

[97] In the last six months of 1665 (leaving out one doubtful entry of £1 5s.), £10 0s. 9d. was spent upon malt for brewing at Renishaw. Malt in that year cost £1 3s. to £1 3s. 6d. a quarter, and these payments will therefore indicate a yearly use of something over 17 quarters, which, according to Markham’s English Husbandman of 1613, would give 51 hogsheads of ordinary beer and afterwards 17 hogsheads of small beer. Seventy hogsheads would allow nearly three quarts a day per head to Mr. Sitwell and his son and a household of four men servants, two footboys, and six women servants. They could not, of course, have drunk so much, but the calculation makes no allowance for visitors. At Barton, the seat of the Sacheverells, £16 was paid during the year 1685 for twenty quarters of barley for malting.

[98] This Nicholas Delves is the person who put Titus Oates to school as a free scholar at Merchant Taylors’ in 1664. See William Smith’s Intrigues of the Plot, 1685, page 25.

[99] First mentioned in literature by Dr. Cox, Churches of Derbyshire, ii., 132; see Folk-lore, xii., p. 394 seq.

[100] Jeayes, Derbyshire Charters, Nos. 560, 1429.

[101] My informant did not know the meaning of this word. It is accented on the final syllable.

[102] Told to me by Sarah Ellen Potter, aged 14, the daughter of Mr. George Potter, of Castleton.

[103] In Prof. Child’s English and Scottish Popular Ballads, part v., p. 233 seq.

[104] As regards “Mirryland town,” it appears that the soil of the Morayland, in North-East Scotland, is gravelly, and much improved by summer rains. Hence the distich:—

A misty May and a dropping June

Brings the bonny land of Moray aboon.

—Chambers, Popular Rhymes of Scotland, new ed., p. 269.

[105] Folk-lore, vol. vi., p. 306.

[106] Child, ut supra, referring to Miss Burne’s Shropshire Folk-lore, p. 539.

[107] Frazer’s Golden Bough, i., pp. 86, 88, and the authorities there cited.

[108] Hunter’s MSS. in the British Museum.

[109] Folk-lore, iii., 72.

[110] Frazer’s Golden Bough, 2nd edit., i., pp. 86, 88.

[111] Frazer’s Golden Bough, iii., 318. See also Hartland, Legend of Perseus, iii., 73 seq. Mr. Hartland shows how widely spread was the custom of offering sacrifice to water. As late as the beginning of the nineteenth century firstborn children, according to Mr. Crooke, were offered to the Ganges.

[112] Child, ut supra, citing Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, ii., 346 seq.

[113] Odgers on Libel, 1896, p. 445.

[114] “Item dicunt quod quædam terra quæ fuit Leonis judei dampnati pro morte pueri crucefixi quam Willelmus Badde tenet in parochia Sancti Martini est eschaeta domini Regis ab anno regni R.R.R. xljo, et valet xxs per annum.—Rotuli Hundredorum, i., 322. There is a similar entry a few lines below.

[115] See Golden Bough, ii., 45 seq., and especially the citations from Numbers and Exodus on p. 46.

[116] A Yorkshire version, much debased, is given in the first edition of Henderson’s Notes on the Folk-lore of the Northern Counties of England, p. 333. It was collected by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould.

[117] Told to me by Sarah Ellen Potter, aged 14, the daughter of Mr. George Potter, of Castleton, Derbyshire, in 1901. Compare Grimm’s Kinder-und Haus Märchen, No. 47, and Addy’s Household Tales, No. 10.

[118] Told to me by Florence Cooper, of the Peak Hotel, Castleton, Derbyshire, in 1901. A much inferior version called “The Golden Arm” was collected by the Rev. S. Baring-Gould in Devonshire. It is printed in the first edition of Henderson’s Folk-lore of the Northern Counties.

[119] Cf. Pythagoras and his golden leg, referred to by Frazer, Golden Bough, ii., 418; also the story about Isis, who, when she collected the scattered limbs of Osiris, replaced the missing member with one of wood.—Plutarch, Isis et Osiris, 18.

[120] See Laxdæla Saga, 17 and 24. For another version of this story see Mr. Le Blanc Smith’s article in the Reliquary (new series), vol xi., p. 228.

[121] I do not understand this word.

[122] Information by Samuel Marrison, of Castleton, aged 88, in 1901.

[123] Magna Britannia (Derbyshire), p. 442.

[124] Near Sheffield the man who brings the New Year in brings with him a mince pie, a bit of coal, and something to drink, to cause good luck to the house. At Bradwell they have what they call “lucky bags,” things being put into them for good luck.

[125] Hardy’s Miner’s Guide, Sheffield, 1748, p. 28.

[126] Information by Robert Bradwell, of Bradwell, formerly a lead-mine owner, aged 88, and given by him to me in 1901. Among the directions which William Percy gave to his executors in 1344 was one which obliged his executors, on peril of their souls, not to let a poor man depart from his funeral without receiving a penny, or the equivalent of a penny in bread.—Testamenta Ebor. (Surtees Society), i. p. 6.

[127] Bagshaw’s History, Gazetteer, and Directory of Derbyshire, 1846, p. 497.

[128] Mrs. Johnston, of the Peak Hotel, Castleton, told me that at Morley, near Leeds, any neighbour could come into a house on the Sunday morning when the feast began and take a sop out of the pan. They walked straight in and helped themselves. English wakes seem to correspond to the festival of new fruits in other countries. On this subject see Frazer, Golden Bough, ii., 326 seq.

[129] From an article on “Superstitions in the Peak,” in the Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 14th August, 1906. It was written by Mr. John Pendleton, of Manchester, who has kindly allowed me to mention his name.

[130] Joseph Strutt went to London early in life, and we believe ultimately kept a shop there. He married in the year 1755 a Miss Scott, and from this marriage the Strutts known as the Strutts of Tutbury are descended. His two daughters married in succession Mr. Joseph Chamberlain. From the second of these marriages is descended the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, late Secretary of State for the Colonies, etc.

[131] A History of Machine-wrought Hosiery and Lace Manufacture, by W. Felkin, 1867.

[132] History of Machine-wrought Hosiery, by W. Felkin, p. 88.

[133] Lord Howe was not created an English peer until after this date.

Transcriber’s notes:

In the text version, italics are represented by _underscores_, and bold and black letter text by =equals= symbols.

inconsistent hyphenation and spellings have been left as printed except as noted below.
Small punctuation errors have been silently corrected.

superscripts are represented by ^{} and subscripts by _{}
[=a]represents a with a line above
and [~p] represents p with a tilde above

In the majority of cases, spelling has been left as printed but a small number of errors which obscure the meaning for the reader have been corrected. Both uncorrected and corrected spellings are noted below.

Some incorrect puntuation has been silently corrected

Page
p14acordance left as printed.
p70betwen left as printed.
p165,166The variable spellings of Bradshaw(e) have been left as printed.
p170The footnote on this page has no anchor, so it is assumed that it refers to preceding paragraph.
p180A very wide genealogie chart has been rewritten with keys to fit in page width restrictions. The original may be seem as an illustration.
The following notes relate to this.
Willm. The l's have crossbars
Humph. T H's have crossbars.
fftafford. ff represent long s's.
co-heires left as printed.
p196Jahrhunderts (footnote 65)left as printed.
p258-- added after Chesterfield section title.
p265stall-ends changed to stall ends.
p330blackmith (footnote 89) left as printed.
p373continnue left as printed.
p374everry left as printed.
p391Secret Chambers and Hiding places, hyphenation removed to match text.