FOOTNOTES:
[1] The Saxon Chronicle (Thorpe), vol. i., pp. 156, 157. (Subsequently cited as "Sax. Chron.").
[2] Ibid., vol. i., pp. 240, 241, 262, 263, 280, 281.
[3] Archæologia, vol. lii., p. 615.
[4] See dotted line on plan.
[5] "The Conqueror's Footsteps in Domesday." English Historical Review, vol. xiii., p. 17.
[6] Sax. Chron., vol. i., p. 339.
[7] Orderic Vitalis, History of England and Normandy, book iv., chap. i.
[8] Norman Conquest (Freeman), vol. v., Appendix N., "Castles and Destruction in the Towns."
[9] Introduction to Domesday Book (Ellis), vol. i., pp. 116-122.
[10] Sax. Chron., vol. i., p. 351.
[11] The Custumale Roffense (Thorpe), p. 128; the Registrant Roffense (Thorpe), p. 481.
[12] "Conventios inter Gundulfum Episcopum et Eadmerum Anhœnde Burgensem Lundoniae. Dum idem Gundulfus ex praecepto Regis Wilhelm magni præsset operi magnae turris Lundoniae et hospitatus fuisset apud ipsum Eadmerum," etc., from the Registrum Roffense (Thorpe), p. 32.
[13] The present entrances on the north face of the keep are entirely modern.
[14] Sax. Chron., vol. i., p. 363.
[15] The "turris," or keep, of Colchester is referred to in a charter of Henry I. in 1101, which recites that the King's father and brother had previously held the castle.
[16] Anglia Sacra, vol. i., p. 338.
[17] Stow's Survey of London, "Of Towers and Castles."
[18] Norman Conquest (Freeman), vol. iii., Appendix, note PP.
[19] William of Malmesbury's English Chronicle, book v.; and Sax. Chron., vol. i., p. 365.
[20] Orderic Vitalis, book x., chapter xvii.; and William of Malmesbury, book v., chapter i.
[21] Norman Conquest (Freeman), vol. ii., ch. viii., pp. 189, 190, "The vengeance of Duke William on the men of Alençon."
[22] Geoffrey de Mandeville (J. H. Round), p. 89 and p. 334.
[23] The kitchens of the period were usually situated at no great distance from the Hall, and were in general of very slight construction; frequently they were only wooden-framed buildings, with walls of wattle and daub, and thatched roofs, hence the need for the continual repairs that figure so numerously in the early records.
[24] Mediæval Military Architecture (G. T. Clark), vol. ii., p. 257.
[25] "Norwich Castle" (A. Hartshorne, F.S.A.), The Archæological Journal, vol. xlvi., pp. 264, 265.
[26] Stubbs's Introductions to the Rolls Series, edited by Hassall, p. 221.
[27] The total cost of erecting Chateau Gaillard des Andelys amounted to £42,361 14s. 4d., according to the Roll of the Norman Exchequer for 1198 (edited by T. Stapleton; vol. ii., pp. 309, 310 et seq.), a sum which compares very well with the equally great outlay upon the works at London in 1191.
[28] Archæologia, vol. lx., p. 239.
[29] Roger of Wendover's Chronicle (Bohn's edition), vol. ii., p. 100, and Roger de Hoveden's Annals, ibid., vol. ii., p. 137, sub. 1190 ad.
[30] Manuel d'Archæologie Française (Enlart), vol. ii., section xi., pp. 497-500.
[31] "The Norman Origin of Cambridge Castle," W. H. St. John Hope, Cambridge Antiquarian Society's Communications, vol. xi., p. 340.
[32] Exchequer Accounts Roll, 3/15, 5 Edward I.
[33] Peel: Its Meaning and Derivation. George Neilson, F.S.A.Scot.
[34] In the ruins of the Palace of the Archbishops of York at Southwell, in Nottinghamshire, one of the wall turrets used as a latrine chamber, or garderobe, has just such an arrangement for the drain as that above mentioned.—English Domestic Architecture (Turner & Parker), vol. ii., p. 114.
[35] Matthew Paris's English History (Bohn's edition), vol. i., pp. 166, 315, 326.
[36] Also known as "Galighmaes, or Galleyman's," Tower, but the nomenclature of the various towers has been greatly changed at various times.
[37] William of Malmesbury's English Chronicle (Bohn's edition), p. 443, sub. 1119 ad.
[38] Liberate Rolls, 37 & 39 Henry III., m. 5 and m. 11.
[39] Ibid.
[40] Many curious particulars of this menagerie are to be found in Maitland's History of London, vol. i., p. 172 et seq. In 1754 there were two great apes called "the man tygers" (probably orang-outangs), one of which killed a boy by throwing a cannon ball at him!
[41] Liberate Roll, 24 Henry III., at Westminster, February 24th (1240).
[42] Liberate Roll, 25 Henry III., m. 20, at Windsor, December 10th.
[43] Matthew Paris, ut supra, vol. i., p. 488.
[44] Close Roll, 21 Henry III., m. 11; and ibid. 37 Henry III., m. 2; also The Ancren Riwle (Camden Society), pp. 142, 143.
[45] Liber Albus (Riley), folio 273 b., E 35, p. 477.
[46] Close Roll, 35 Henry III., m. 11.
[47] Close Roll, 9 Henry III., p. 2, m. 9. The Close Rolls were so called because they contained matters of a private nature, and were folded or closed up, in contradistinction to the Patent Rolls which (being addressed to all persons impartially) were left open, with the Great Seal affixed to the lower edge.
[48] Issue Roll, 19 Edward I., at Westminster, November 30th.
[49] Accounts of Ralph de Sandwich, Constable of the Tower, 17 to 29 Edward I. Army Accounts in the Public Record Office.
[50] Close Roll, 10 Edward I., m. 5.
[51] Exchequer Q.R. Memoranda, 26 Edward I., m. 109, and Privy Seals, Tower, 33 Edward I., file 4.
[52] Memorials of Westminster Abbey (Stanley) (second edition), chap. v., pp. 413, 415.
[53] Placita. Coram Rege. Roll, 17 Edward II., p. 2, m. 37.
[54] Archæologia, vol. xxxii., "The Early Use of Gunpowder in the English Army," pp. 379-387.
[55] History of the Tower of London (John Bayley, F.S.A.) (first edition), vol. i., Appendix, pp. 1, 4.
[56] Issues of the Exchequer (F. Devon), pp. 43, 74; Expense Roll for works at Westminster Palace, 43 Henry III.
[57] The Tower of London (Harrison Ainsworth), book ii., ch. xi.
[58] History of the Tower (Bayley), vol. i., p. 179.
[59] History of the Jesuits in England (Taunton), ch. vii., p. 166.
[60] Statuta Ordinis Cartusiensis a domino Guigone Priore Cartusiense. Edita Basle, 1510.
[61] For an interesting and accurate account of the Carthusian order, see an article in the Yorkshire Archæological Journal, vol. xviii., pp. 241-252, by the Rev. H. V. Le Bas, Preacher of the London Charterhouse, to whom I am indebted for much valuable information.
[62] For further details an article by Archdeacon Hale may be consulted. Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archæological Society, vol. iii., part x.
[63] Some interesting extracts from the archives of the Order bearing on the London Charterhouse during this period may be found in The London Charterhouse, by Laurence Hendriks, himself a Carthusian Father.
[64] Historia aliquot Martyrum Anglorum maxime octodecim Cartusianorum.
[65] P.R.O. State Papers, Henry VIII., abridged in Letters and Papers, vol. viii., 566. Quoted by Hendriks, p. 141.
[66] See Hendriks in loc. as against Froude, who asserts that the trial was concluded in one day.
[67] Bearcroft, An Historical Account of Thomas Sutton, Esq., and of his Foundation in Charterhouse. In this work many original documents here quoted may be found in extenso.
[68] Fuller's Church History of Britain, iv., 20, 21.
[69] Historical Account of Charterhouse, by Thomas Smythe, p. 201.
[70] W. Haig Brown, Charterhouse Past and Present, p. 144.
[71] See introduction to the Catalogue of the Anglo-Jewish Historical Exhibition, 1887.
[72] See Coote's The Romans of Britain and Gomme's The Governance of London.
[73] The Outer, or "outward," Temple passed into private ownership at an early date.
[74] A Knight of the (whipping) Post was a cant name for a disreputable person, who would be willing to give false evidence.
[75] Inq. ad quod damnum, 46 Hen. III., file ii., No. 47.
[76] Duchy of Lancaster, Ancient Deeds, L. 132-140.
[77] Close Rolls, 14 Ed. I., m. 2d.
[78] Court of Hustings Wills, R. R. Sharpe.
[79] Survey of London, pp. 32, 33. John Stow, reprint, 1876.
[80] Patent Rolls, 16 Ed. II., pt. i., m. 31.
[81] Inq. p.m. Chan., 20 Ed. IV., 99.
[82] Feet of Fines, London Trin., 44 Eliz.
[83] Ancient Deeds, B. 2191.
[84] Placita Parl., 35 Edw. I.
[85] Memorials of London, p. 357. H. T. Riley, 1868.
[86] Historical Charters, W. De Gray Birch.
[87] The Commune of London, J. H. Round.
[88] Charter Rolls, 19 Hen. III., m. ii.
[89] Pat. Rolls, 1 Ed. VI., pt. vi., m. 37.
[90] Rot. Parl., vol. i., p. 84, No. 22.
[91] Chart. Convent of Malmesbury, Cotton MS. Faust., B. viii., f. 158.
[92] Ibid., ff. 245, 245b.
[93] Ibid., f. 248.
[94] Chart. Convent of Malmesbury, Cotton MS. Faust., B. viii., f. 265.
[95] Ibid., ff. 239, 239b, 195b, 192.
[96] Ibid., f. 157b.
[97] Ancient Deeds, B. 2264.
[98] Pat. Rolls, 24 Ed. I., m. 17.
[99] Cotton MS., Faust., B. viii., f. 159.
[100] Ibid., f. 160b.
[101] Ibid., f. 161.
[102] Ibid., f. 162b.
[103] Cotton MS., Faust., B. viii., ff. 164b, 163b.
[104] Ibid., f. 165.
[105] Ibid., f. 168b.
[106] Ibid., f. 265b.
[107] Augmentation Office Grants, 36 Hen. VIII., No. 105.
[108] Cotton MS., Faust., B. viii., f. 253b.
[109] Inq. p.m.; 1 Edw. II., 54, m. 11.
[110] Inq. ad quod dam., 8 Ed. II., 169.
[111] Inq. p. m., 44 Ed. III., 30, m. 16.
[112] Close Rolls, 22 Hen. VII., pt. ii.
[113] Home Counties Mag., Jan., 1904.
[114] Gray's Inn, p. 18. W. R. Douthwaite.
[115] Close Rolls, 5 Ed. II., m. 2.
[116] Pat. Rolls, 12 Ed. III., pt. i., m. 34.
[117] Pat. Rolls, 6 Ed. III., pt. iii., m. 9.
[118] Ibid., 9 Ed. III., pt. ii., m. 27.
[119] Patent Rolls, 13 Ed. III., pt. ii., m. 29.
[120] Inner Temple Records. F. A. Inderwick.
[121] Close Rolls, 165i, pt. x., No. 35.
[122] Ibid., 25 Chas. II., 5, m. 14, and 28 Chas. II., 6, m. 31.
[123] Close Rolls, Hen. III., 58, m. 15.
[124] Harl. MS., No. 4015, f. 198 vo.
[125] Inq. p. m. Chan., 8 Eliz., pt. i., No. 85.
[126] Inq. p. m., 6 Rich. II., No. 41.
[127] Fines, 1 Ed. VI., Hil.
[128] P.C.C. Humphry Cade, 21 Nodes.
[129] Ibid., John Devereux, 47, Alen.
[130] Notes and Queries, ser. vii., vol. ii.
[131] Inq. ad quod dam., 32 Hen. VI., file 451, No. 37.
[132] Inq. p. m. Chan., Series i., 9 Hen. VI., 54.
[133] Inq. p. m., 20 Ed. IV., No. 65.
[134] Court of Hustings Wills. R. R. Sharpe.
[135] Cotton MS., Faust., B. viii., ff. 247, 247b, 248.
[136] Inq. ad quod dam., 247, No. 14.
[137] Cotton MS., Faust., B. viii., f. 248.
[138] Pat. Rolls, 17 Ed. III., pt. i., m. 25d.
[139] Close Rolls, 23 Ed. III., m. 20d.
[140] Pat. Rolls, 6 Ed. II., pt. ii., m. 5.
[141] Stat. of Realm, 27 Ed. III., ii., c. i.
[142] Rolls of Parl., xxxiii., 28 Ed. III.
[143] Selden Soc., vol. x., 53.
[144] Gray's Inn Pension Book, p. 247. R. J. Fletcher.
[145] Court of Hustings Wills. R. R. Sharpe.
[146] Ibid.
[147] Memorials of London. H. T. Riley.
[148] Inq. ad quod dam. Chan., f. 451, No. 36.
[149] Add. MS. 25,590.
[150] Pat. Rolls, 3 Ed. II., mm. 19, 8.
[151] Ibid., 19 Ed. III., part iii., mm. 3, 11; 20 Ed. III., part i., m. 25.
[152] Ibid., 8 Ed. IV., part i., m. 12.
[153] Lords' Journals, viii., p. 50.
[154] A full account of the history of each hall, its description and treasures, is contained in my book on The City Companies of London and their Good Works (Dent & Co.), with illustrations by A. R. Quinton, and reproductions of old pictures, tapestry, and plate.