FOOTNOTES:
[1] Captain William Henry McNeill and Alexander Caulfield Anderson, Hudson's Bay Company men, then at Nisqually House. Captain McNeill was master of the famous old steamer Beaver. Mr. Anderson was in charge of Nisqually House. Both men were honored by having their names given to islands in Puget Sound.
[2] Pierre Charles, French Canadian, had been an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company.
[3] Simon Plomondon was an employee of the Hudson's Bay Company, who retired and settled in the Cowlitz Valley.
[4] Probably the Stone Creek of present usage.
[5] Carbon River.
[6] Meaning up the Carbon River and its branch called South Prairie Creek.
[7] Chehalis River.
[8] White River.
[9] White River.
[10] Lieutenant Richard Arnold, in Pacific Railway Reports, Volume XII, Part I, page 191, says: "Near the junction of Whitewater and Green rivers there is a remarkable peak called La Tête, from a large rock on its slope resembling the head and neck of a man. This is an important point, as it forms the gate of the mountains on the west." Modern maps shift the "water" part of the names. They are now White and Greenwater rivers.
[11] White and Greenwater rivers.
[12] This is an error and should read 121° 25′ W. as Naches Pass is known to be 121° 21′ and Lieutenant Johnson's "Little Prairie" was a little west of the Pass.
[13] Greenwater branch of White River.
[14] Naches River.
[15] Wenatchee River.
[16] Mount Adams. The two peaks were frequently confused in early writings.
[17] His name is honored in Wapowety Cleaver overlooking the Kautz Glacier.
[18] I have no doubt that the south branch of the Nachess, which flows to the east into the Columbia, and that the Puyallup and White rivers, which flow west into Puget Sound, have similar sources in glaciers, from the fact that in July they are all of a similar character with the Nesqually, muddy, white torrents, at a time when little rain has fallen for months.—Kautz.
[19] The burrow was made by the marmot and the split-hoof tracks in the loose earth were made by mountain goats.
[20] He here gives evidence that he had not reached the summit.
[21] Tak-ho′ma or Ta-ho′ma among the Yakimas, Klickitats, Puyallups, Nisquallys, and allied tribes of Indians, is the generic term for mountain, used precisely as we use the word "mount," as Takhoma Wynatchie, or Mount Wynatchie. But they all designate Rainier simply as Takhoma, or The Mountain, just as the mountain men used to call it the "Old He." (Note in the original article.)
[22] It is a pleasure to note that this fine glacier now bears the name of Emmons.
[23] The terraces to which reference is here made are not the work of the sea, but of lakes whose waters gathered between the mountain slopes and retreating glaciers of the ice period. See the article by H. I. Bretz. Geol. Survey of Wash., Bull. 8, 1912.
[24] The amphitheaters which the young geologist mistook for craters are now known to be glacier basins eroded by ice.
[25] Called the North Mowich Glacier on the present map.
[26] Since shown to be 14,408 feet.
[27] Am. Jour. Sci., 3d series, Vol. XXVI, 1883, pp. 222-235.
[28] Neues Jahrbuch für Min., etc., Vol. I, 1885, pp. 222-226.
[29] Observed by Iddings: Twelfth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 612.
[30] Hague and Iddings: Twelfth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Survey, p. 225.
[31] Oebbeke, op. cit., p. 226.
[32] Jour. Geol., Vol. IV, 1896, p. 276.
[33] Emmons, Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., 1877, No. 4, p. 45.
Transcriber's Note:
Obvious typographical errors were corrected. Hyphenation variants present in the original were retained.
Author/subject illustrations have been re-positioned to the beginning of chapters to which they pertain.
In Chapter XII we were unable to resolve a discrepancy between H. H. McAlister and E. H. McAlister, so both were retained.
Company information at bottom of each ad page was reduced to one placement at the end of the ads.