FOOTNOTES:

[630] Cf. ib., the collection of French names of the Devil; and similar collections in Gosche's Jahrbuch, I.; Osborn, Teufelslitteratur, 16. The English Devil is still waiting for his Historian!

[631] Cf. Towneley Myst. (Juditium, p. 310, etc.): Tutivillus (to the Primus Dæmon):—

I was youre chefe tollare

And sitten courte rollar

Now am I master Lollar &c.

Gower, too, knows Titivillus; Vox Clamantis, 232:—

Hic est confessor Domini, sed nec Dominarum,

Qui magis est blandus, quam Titivillus eis.

[632] There could not be a connection with: Titimallus—Titan (Joh. de Janua).

[633] Freund's Dict. quotes it from Plautus, Casin 2, 5, 39: Non ego istud verbum empsitem titivillitio. The learned Ben Jonson knew the word (Silent Woman, 4, 1):—

Wife! buz? titivilitium

There's no such thing in nature!

[634] Inhumatio defuncti, 1, 142; cf. also his 'dissertation' on the order of the Burial, ib. CCXCIII.

[635] Ed. Surtees Soc. 1875, p. 60; cf. ib., Commendatio Animarum 56*; De Modo Dicendi Exsequias defunctorum ad usum Sarum 80*.

[636] Chapter De Exequiis; Officium Defunctorum.

[637] Cf. ib., cerei qui cum cruce et thuribulo de more ... portabantur accensi; unto the holy candle commit we our souls at our last departing, Tindale, Works, 1, 225; ib. 48; 3, 140, etc.; on the wax candle and driving the Devil away, cf. Latimer, Sermons, 27 (499). The reformers were as much against the candles as against the bells, and other 'popish superstitions'; cf. Grindal's Visitation Book (1551-52), §§ 40, 46, etc.

[638] Cf. Brand's Pop. Ant. 2, 220.

[639] Cf. Durandus Rationale, Lib. I. fol. 9 (De Campanis): "Uerum aliquo moriente campanæ debent pulsari ut populus hoc audiens oret pro illo; pro muliere quidem bis ... pro viro vero ter pulsatur," etc. The superstitious background was that the bells were believed to drive away evil spirits. Cf. ib., "campanæ pulsantur ut demones timentes fugiant ... hæc etiam est causa quare ecclesia videns concitari tempestates campanas pulsat ut demones tubas eterni regis id est campanas audientes territi fugiant et a tempestatis concitatione quiescant et ut campanæ pulsationes fideles admoneant et prouocent pro instanti periculo orationi insistere," and Brand's Pop. Ant. 2, 202.

[640] bells ... with such other vanities, Tindale, 3, 258; ape's play, ib. 283, etc.

[641] Grindal, Works, 136.

[642] 3, 362; Injunctions at York, 1571, 8; Articles at Canterbury, 1576, 9.

[643] Collier, Hist. Dram. Poetry, 2, 459, thinks the whole epilogue is 'sung.'

William Stevenson
GAMMER GURTONS
NEDLE

Edited with Critical Essay
and Notes by Henry Bradley,
Hon. M.A., Oxford