CONTENTS.

PAGE

[Introduction] 1

I.

[Why is the Bee black, and why is it making Honey? How did the Bee outwit the Devil?] 61

I. B.

[How did the Bee outwit the Mole?] 67

II.

[Why is the Bee busy and the Spider sullen?] 69

III.

[Why is the Bee black, and why has it a Narrow Waist?] 71

IV.

[Why does the Little Worm glow?] 73

V.

[Why does the Little Worm glow?] 75

VI.

[Why does the Little Worm glow?] 76

VII.

[Why is the Wolf ferocious?] 79

VIII.

[Why do the Eyes of the Wolf glow and his Hair bristle?] 82

IX.

[Why does the Wolf run after the Devil?] 84

X.

[Why the Goat’s Knees are bare] 86

XI.

[Why did Noah get drunk?] 90

XII.

[God and the Lamb] 94

XIII.

[The Hart and the making of the World] 95

XIV.

[Why is the Fly called the Devil’s Horse?] 97

XV.

[The Devil stealing the Sun] 99

XVI.

[Why is it called the Bull-Fly?] 102

XVII.

[Why is the Saw-Fly red?] 104

XVIII.

[Why does the Saw-Fly live in Stables?] 108

XIX.

[Why is the Lady-Bird dainty?] 110

XX.

[Why does the Gad-Fly sting the Cattle?] 114

XXI.

[Why does the Fly of Kolumbatsh poison the Cattle?] 117

XXII.

[Why is there a Worm in the Apple?] 122

XXIII.

[Why are the Locusts voracious?] 124

XXIV.

[Why does the Grasshopper run to and fro?] 127

XXV.

[Another Story of the Grasshopper] 129

XXVI.

[Why does the Nun Beetle cover its Face?] 130

XXVII.

[Why is the Beetle called the Nun?] 134

XXVIII.

[Why is the Wasp the Gipsies’ Bee?] 135

XXVIII. A.

[Another Version of the Wasp Legend] 137

XXIX.

[Why does the Hornet live in Smoky Places?] 138

XXX.

[Why is the Hornet so spiteful?] 139

XXX. A.

[Hornet Charm] 140

XXXI.

[Why has the Woodpecker such a Long Beak and why does it peck at the Trees?] 141

XXXII.

[Why has the Pelican a Big Pouch under its Beak?] 143

XXXIII.

[Why does the Titmouse get into the Pumpkin?] 146

XXXIV.

[Why has the Nightingale a Drab Colour?] 148

XXXV.

[Why has the Nightingale Twelve Tunes and why does the Turtle-Dove coo?] 149

XXXVI.

[Why is the Nightingale the Songster of the King?] 151

XXXVII.

[Why does the Thrush hide in the Tree?] 153

XXXVIII.

[Why has the Partridge a Mottled Colour?] 155

XXIX.

[Why has the Thistle-Finch Ruffled Feathers?] 156

XL.

[Why has the Bullfinch a Red Breast and a Big Mouth?] 158

XLI.

[Why does the Hoopoe feed on Droppings?] 160

XLII.

[Why is the Wagtail called the Gipsies’ Bird?] 161

XLIII.

[Why is the Hoopoe such a Dirty Bird?] 162

XLIV.

[Why does the Cuckoo lead a Restless Life?] 164

XLV.

[Why is the Cuckoo silent in the Winter?] 168

XLVI.

[The Story of the Crow and its Ugly Fledglings] 170

XLVII.

[Why is there enmity between the Crow and the Hawk?] 172

XLVII. A.

[Crow Charms] 175

XLVIII.

[Why does the Heron drink only Rain-Water?] 176

XLIX.

[Why does the Kite cry in Dry Weather?] 178

L.

[Why can the Mole not come out on the High Road?] 179

LI.

[Why has the Tortoise a Round Back?] 180

LII.

[Why have the Fish no Feet?] 182

LIII.

[Why do the Plover fly singly?] 183

LIV.

[Why does the Spider hang on a Thread?] 184

LIV. A.

[Why are the Spider and the Mouse accursed?] 186

LV.

[Why has the Swallow a Forked Tail and a Red Spot on its Breast?] 188

LVI.

[Why does the Frog shrivel up at Death?] 190

LVII.

[Why does the Silkworm spin a Thin Thread?] 192

LVIII.

[Why is it right to kill a Sparrow?] 195

LIX.

[Why should the Oak Tree not boast?] 196

LX.

[Why does the Mosquito live in the Well?] 199

LXI.

[Why does the Mosquito feed on Blood?] 200

LXII.

[Why does the Fly eat the Cherry?] 202

LXIII.

[Why has the Butterfly Rings on its Wings?] 203

LXIV.

[Why does the Cricket chirp?] 205

LXV.

[Why do the Ants feed the Cricket?] 206

LXVI.

[Why do Cats and Dogs fight?] 208

LXVII.

[Why do Cats eat Mice?] 210

LXVII. A.

[Another Version] 213

LXVIII.

[Why does a Cat sit on the Doorstep in the Sun?] 214

LXIX.

[Why does the Fly settle on the Dead?] 215

LXX.

[Why is the Foot of Man arched?] 216

LXXI.

[Why has a Snake no Tail? and why do Fleas suck Human Blood?] 218

LXXII.

[Charms against Fleas and other House Vermin] 221

LXXIII.

[Charms against Bugs] 223

LXXIV.

[Why does the Cuckoo call “Cuckoo”?] 225

LXXV.

[Why does a Wagtail wag its Tail?] 228

LXXVI.

[Why has the Hoopoe a Tuft?] 229

LXXVII.

[Why does the Eagle live on Raw Meat?] 231

LXXVIII.

[Why has the Lark a Tuft?] 236

LXXIX.

[Why is the Tuft of the Lark dishevelled?] 238

LXXX.

[Why do Larks fly towards the Sun?] 240

LXXX. A.

[The Story of the Lark] 243

LXXXI.

[The Wooing of the Sister of the Sun] 245

LXXXII.

[The Wooing of a Fairy] 247

LXXXIII.

[Where did the Swan come from?] 249

LXXXIV.

[The Swan Maiden, the Bird of Heaven and the Crown of Paradise] 256

LXXXV.

[Why does the Duck feed on Refuse?] 259

LXXXVI.

[Why has the Stork no Tail?] 263

LXXXVII.

[Why has the Swallow a Forked Tail and a Red Spot on its Breast?] 267

LXXXVIII.

[Why does the Swallow live in Hot Places?] 273

LXXXIX.

[Why is the Dove a Homing Bird?] 275

XC.

[Why does the Raven feed on Carcases?] 278

XCI.

[Why is the Ant cut in the Middle?] 281

XCII.

[Why does the Cuckoo call “Cuckoo”?] 284

XCIII.

[Why does the Armenian love the Dirty Hoopoe?] 288

XCIV.

[The Story of the Partridge, the Fox and the Hound] 290

XCV.

[The Story of the Partridge and her Young] 294

XCVI.

[The Story of the Lark and the taming of Women] 296

XCVII.

[The Story of the Turtle Dove and its love for its Mate] 299

XCVIII.

[Why does the Wren hide himself?] 300

XCIX.

[Why is there no King over the Birds?] 302

C.

[The Story of King Log and King Stork] 304

CI.

[The Story of the Stork and Little Tomtit] 305

CII.

[The Story of the Flea and the Gnat] 306

CIII.

[The Story of the Gnat, the Lion, and the Man] 307

CIV.

[The Story of the Gnat and the Buffalo] 310

CV.

[The Story of the Town Mouse and the Field Mouse] 311

CVI.

[The Story of the Hare and the Frogs] 314

CVII.

[Why does the Buffalo walk slowly and tread gently?] 315

CVIII.

[The Story of the Pointer and the Setter] 317

CIX.

[The Story of the Rat and his Journey to God] 318

CX.

[The Story of the Seven-Witted Fox and the One-Witted Owl] 320

CXI.

[The Story of the Fox and his Bagful of Wits and the One-Witted Hedgehog] 322

CXII.

[The Story of the Peasant, the Snake, and King Solomon] 325

CXIII.

[The Story of the Dog and the Snake and the cure of Headache] 327

CXIV.

[The Story of the Horse, the Lion, and the Wolf] 329

CXV.

[The Marriage of Tom and the Vixen] 332

CXVI.

[The Story of Man and his Years] 336

CXVII.

[The Judgment of the Soul of Man, accused and defended by Beast and Birds] 339

CXVIII.

[The Pilgrimage of the Soul after Death] 341

CXIX.

[The Reward of the Good Man] 346

APPENDIX I.

[RUMANIAN INCANTATIONS AGAINST THE ILLNESSES OF ANIMALS].

I.

[Against the Illness of Poultry] 349

II.

[Charm for a Cow against the Evil Eye] 350

III.

[Charm for a Suckling Calf] 350

IV.

[Charm for a Cow against Snake-Bite] 351

V.

[Charm against Evil Eye] 351

VI.

[Charm against Evil Eye] 351

VII.

[Charm against Worms in Beasts] 352

VIII.

[Against Worms] 353

IX.

[Charm against Snake-Bite] 353

X.

[Charm if bitten by a Weasel] 354

APPENDIX II.

[THREE STORIES FROM ARKIR.]

[The Rumanian Version of the Story of Ahikar] 355

APPENDIX III.

[ANIMAL STORIES FROM THE HEBREW ALPHABET OF BEN SIRA.]

I.

[Why were Flies created which live only One Day?] 357

II.

[Why did God create Wasps and Spiders which are of no use?] 357

III.

[Why has the Ox no Hair on his Nose?] 359

IV.

[Why does the Cat eat Mice more than any other Creeping Thing?] 359

V.

[Why does the Ass mix his Water with that of other Asses, and smell the Dung?] 360

VI.

[Why does the Dog fight the Cat?] 360

VII.

[Why is it that the Dog recognises his Master and the Cat does not?] 362

VIII.

[Why is there a Seam in the Mouth of the Mouse?] 362

IX.

[Why does the Raven hop in its Walk?] 363

X.

[Why does the Raven mate differently from any other Bird?] 364

XI.

[Why are there no Counterpart to the Fox and the Weasel among the Creatures of the Sea? and the Story of the Fox’s Heart and the Fishes] 365

[Index] 369