Signers of the Declaration / Historic Places Commemorating the Signing of the Declaration of Independence

by Unknown

Index

• “A Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America in General Congress Assembled,” see [Declaration of Independence]
• A Summary View of the Rights of British America (tract), [86], [87]
• Abingdon, Md., [113]
• Abolition of slavery, see under [Slaves]
• Academies and academic affairs, see [Education]
• Adam architectural style, [174], [239–240], [251–253]
• Adams, Abigail, see [Adams, Mrs. John]
• Adams, Brooks, great-grandson of signer, [33], [194], [195]
• Adams, Charles Francis, grandson of signer, [33], [194], [195]
• Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., great-grandson of signer, [33], [194]
• Adams, “Deacon” John, father of signer, [191–192], [193]
• Adams, Henry, great-grandson of signer, [33], [194]
• Adams, John (signer) (“Atlas of American Independence”), career of and sites associated with, [16], [18], [20], [27], [29], [30], [33–35], [37], [38], [58], [59], [61], [68], [74], [75], [88], [90], [93], [115], [124], [128], [170–173], [191–195], [218], [222], [228], [262]
• Adams, John Quincy, son of signer and sites associated with, [30], [33], [35], [191–195]
• Adams, John Quincy II, great-grandson of signer, [33], [194]
• Adams, Mrs. John (Abigail Smith), wife of signer, [34], [35], [191–192], [193]
• Adams, Mrs. Samuel, first wife of signer, [37]
• Adams, Mrs. Samuel, second wife of signer, [37]
• Adams, Samuel (signer) (“Firebrand of the Revolution”), career of and sites associated with, [12], [27], [31], [36–39], [59], [60], [68], [69], [160], [199]
• Adams (John) Birthplace, Mass., [191–192]
• Adams (John Quincy) Birthplace, Mass., [191], [192–193]
• Adams Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, [192]
• Adams (John) family and descendants, [33], [34], [191–195] passim
• Adams Mansion, see [Adams National Historic Site]
• Adams Memorial Society, [195]
• Adams National Historic Site (Adams Mansion; “Old House”; “Peacefield”; Vassall-Adams House), Mass., [160], [192], [193–195]
• Admiralty boards, courts, and judges:
• civil, see [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• naval, see [Continental Navy]
• Advisory Board on National Parks, Historic Sites, Buildings, and Monuments, [161], [272]
• Age of signers: at time of death, compared, [28–29], [43], [45], [52], [62], [98], [99], [109], [199];
• at time of signing, compared, [28–29], [55], [79], [99], [123], [127].
• See also specific signers.
• Agencies of U.S. Government, see under [United States]
• Agricultural Society of S.C., [76]
• Agriculture, see [Farms and farming]
• Alamance, Battle of, N.C., [78]
• Albany, N.Y., [96], [153]
• Albany Congress (1754) and Albany Plan of Union, [56], [79], [80]
• Albemarle County, Va., [86]
• Alcoholic beverages, [51]
• Alexandria, Va., [136], [252]
• Alison, Rev. Francis, educator, [101], [118], [132]
• Allen, Md., [45]
• Allentown, Pa., [221]
• Almanacs, see [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts]
• America and Americans, see [United States];
• and appropriate topics throughout this index
• American Academy of Arts and Sciences, [116]
• American Philosophical Society, [126], [221], [222], [226]
• American Philosophical Society Hall (Philosophical Hall), Pa., [218–226]
• American Revolution, see [War for Independence];
• and appropriate topics throughout this index
• American Revolution, Daughters of the, see [Daughters of the American Revolution]
• American Revolution, Sons of the, see [Sons of the American Revolution]
• Amesbury, Mass., [39]
• Ammunition, see [Arms, ammunition, and ordnance]
• Ancestry of signers, compared, [27–28] (and see particular signers)
• Anglican Church, [43–44], [45], [56], [62], [77], [113], [122], [136].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• Anglo-Saxon origin of signers, [27]
• Annapolis and Colonial Annapolis Historic District, Md., [43], [44], [45], [46], [100], [113], [147], [170–191] passim, [263]
• Annapolis Convention (1786), [46], [48], [108], [119]
• Antifederalists and Antifederalism, [61], [94]
• Antislavery movement, see under [Slaves]
• Aquia Creek Quarries, Va., [171]
• Archeologists and archeological excavation, [177]
• Architects, architectural styles, and architectural features, see specific architects, architectural styles, and buildings and residences
• Archives: Federal, see [National Archives and Records Service];
• non-Federal, and Declaration of Independence, [262]
• Ariss, John, architect-builder, [242], [246]
• Aristocrats and aristocracy, [31], [37], [41], [61], [66], [76], [77], [79], [97], [99], [147]
• Arlington, Mass., [60]
• Armies, standing, [60].
• See also especially [Continental Army];
• and various wars, battles, and nations.
• Arms, ammunition, and ordnance, [9], [22], [38], [42], [84], [103], [106], [111], [137], [138], [248]
• Army-Navy Museum, Pa., [224]
• Army of the Potomac (Civil War), [239]
• Arnold, Gen. Benedict, British officer, [239]
• Arson, and historic sites, [40]
• Art and artists, [81–83], [85], [134], [218], [234], [267] (and see [Museums] and illustrations throughout this volume)
• Articles of Association (1774), [267]
• Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union: debated, drafted, adopted, and signed, [29], [36], [39], [59], [71], [76], [81], [84], [90], [91], [93–94], [100], [106], [110], [117], [129], [131], [136], [145], [149], [151], [218];
• document exhibited, [267];
• signers of Declaration who also signed, [29], [36], [39], [59], [76], [90], [93–94], [100], [106], [117], [129], [149].
• See also [Continental Congress].
• Ashley River, [103], [237]
• Assemblies, colonial, provincial, and State: role of, in independence movement, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• signers serve in, see specific signers.
• See also individual colonies/States.
• Assembly Room (Independence Hall, Pa.), [219–221]
• Athens, Ga., [142]
• Attorneys and attorneys-general, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Augusta, Ga., [67], [141], [142], [161], [173], [175], [176]
• Augusta (Ga.) Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, [176]
• Authors, see [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts];
• [Literature and literary figures];
• and particular authors
• Autobiography, of Benjamin Franklin, [58]
• Bachelor signers, [29], [73], [120]
• Back River, [154]
• Baltimore, Md., [45], [46], [50], [124], [183], [184], [185], [187], [217], [263]
• Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, [44]
• Baltimore County, Md., [46]
• Baltimore Municipal Museum, [183]
• Baltimore Museum of Art, [187]
• Bank of England, [46]
• Bank of North America, [108], [147]
• Bank of the United States, First and Second, [218], [224], [226]
• Banks and banking, governmental and private, [46], [108], [147], [218], [224], [226].
• See also [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing];
• [Currency and money];
• [Speculators and speculation].
• Barbados, [59]
• Barclay, Thomas, merchant, [229]
• Bartlett, Josiah (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [39–41], [199–201]
• Bartlett, Mrs. Josiah, wife of signer, [40]
• Bartlett descendants, [201]
• Bartlett House, N.H., [199–201]
• Battles, see under name of battle
• Bedford County, Va., [249]
• Beith (town), Scotland, [149]
• Benezet, John, merchant, [230]
• Bennington, Battle of, N.Y., [40]
• Berkeley (Harrison’s Landing) (estate), Va., [70], [71], [239–240]
• Bible, see [Christianity and religion]
• Bicentennial, U.S., [222]
• Bill of Rights, U.S., see under [United States Constitution]
• Birthplaces of signers, see specific signers
• Bishop White House, Pa., [224], [226]
• Blacks, see [Slaves]
• Bonaparte, Joseph, Napoleon’s brother, [204]
• Bonaparte, Napoleon, French ruler, [204]
• Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts:
• favor or oppose U.S. Constitution, [94], [125];
• on astronomy, [130];
• on monetary theory, [130];
• on religion, [149];
• signers write, [33], [35], [55–56], [58], [86], [87], [94], [125], [126], [130], [145], [146], [149], [150];
• support Revolutionary cause, [9], [11], [12], [15], [33], [35], [86], [87], [145], [146], [150].
• See also [Libraries];
• [Literature and literary figures];
• and particular works.
• Borden, Joseph, father-in-law of signer, [204]
• Bordentown, N.J., [82], [204], [205]
• Bordentown (N.J.) Chamber of Commerce, [205]
• Borland, Leonard Vassall, and Adams National Historic Site, [194]
• Boston and Boston Harbor, Mass., [6], [7], [9], [10], [12], [33–34], [36], [37–39], [53–54], [59–60], [68], [69], [77], [93], [115], [116], [120], [143], [193], [199].
• See also entries immediately following.
• Boston (Mass.) Latin School, [36], [68], [77], [115]
• Boston Massacre, [5], [34], [37], [68], [115]
• Boston Port Act, [111]
• “Boston Tea Party,” [7], [38]
• “Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man or Tarring and Feathering,” (The) (cartoon), reproduced, [6]
• Boudinot, Annis, marries signer, [134]
• Boudinot, Elias, brother-in-law of signer, [207]
• Boyhood homes of signers, see specific signers
• Braintree, Mass., see [Quincy]
• Brandywine, Battle of, Pa., [50]
• Braxton, Carter (signer), career of and sites associated with, [29], [41–42], [70], [71], [135], [240–242]
• Braxton, George, brother of signer, [41], [240]
• Braxton, Mrs. Carter, first wife of signer, [41]
• Braxton, Mrs. Carter, second wife of signer, [41]
• Bridgeport, Conn., [65]
• Bristol, England, [62]
• Britain, British, British Isles, British Empire, and British Commonwealth of Nations, see [Great Britain]
• Broadside copies of Declaration, see under [Declaration of Independence]
• Bronx, N.Y., [105].
• See also [New York City and New York Harbor].
• Brookhaven and Brookhaven Township, N.Y., [53]
• Brooklyn and Brooklyn Heights, N.Y., [97], [98].
• See also [New York City and New York Harbor].
• Brothers, among signers, [92]
• Brown University, R.I., [80]
• Bruton Parish, Va., [256]
• Buckland, William, architect, [181–182]
• Bucks County, Pa., [137], [138]
• Builders, buildings, and building materials, see specific builder-architects, buildings, and residences
• Burgesses, House of, see [Virginia House of Burgesses]
• Burgoyne, Gen. John, British officer, [40], [143], [153]
• Burial places and burial grounds, see [Cemeteries and burial places]
• Burke County, Ga., [67]
• Burlington, Mass., [199]
• Burlington and Burlington County, N.J., [148]
• Business and businessmen, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Butterfield, Gen. Daniel, and “Taps,” [240]
• Byberry (“The Homestead”), Pa., [124]
• Byfield (plantation), Del., [120], [121]
• Cadwalader House, Pa., [228]
• Calvinists and Calvinism, [116], [149].
• See also [Christianity and religion];
• [Presbyterians and Presbyterian Church].
• Cambridge, Mass., [9], [60], [68], [196], [197]
• Cambridge University (England), [99], [103], [111]
• Canada, [44], [46], [173]
• Canals, [44]
• Cape Fear region of N.C., [77]
• Capital cities: national, see [United States Capitals];
• State, see particular cities
• Capital punishment, [50], [126]
• Capitol (U.S.), see [United States Capitol]
• Carlisle, Pa., [146]
• Carolinas, [115].
• See also [North Carolina];
• [South Carolina].
• Caroline County, Va., [117]
• Carpenters, [114], [201], [217], [221]
• Carpenters’ Company of Philadelphia, [217], [221]
• Carpenters’ Hall, Pa., [8], [217], [221], [224], [226]
• Carroll, Charles I, grandfather of signer, [185]
• Carroll, Charles II, father of signer, [43], [185]
• Carroll, Charles III, of Carrollton (signer), career of and sites associated with, [16], [28], [31], [35], [43–45], [46], [52], [114], [179–181], [183–186]
• Carroll, Charles V, grandson of signer, [186]
• Carroll, Father John, cousin of signer, [44]
• Carroll, Mary, daughter of signer, [45], [183]
• Carroll (Charles) American Heritage Association, Inc., [185]
• Carroll family and descendants, [43], [179], [180], [181], [183], [185]
• Carroll Mansion, Md., [43], [179–180]
• “Carroll Vocational School,” Md., [184]
• Carrollton Manor, Md., [43], [180–181], [185]
• Carskerdo, Scotland, [145]
• Carter, Robert “King,” grandfather of signer, [41]
• Carter-May House, S.C., see [Rutledge House]
• Carvel Hall Hotel, Md., [189]
• Catasauqua, Pa., [230]
• Catholic Church, see [Roman Catholic Church]
• Caton, Mary Carroll, daughter of signer, [45], [183]
• Caton, Richard, son-in-law of signer, [45], [183]
• Caton family, [184]
• Cecil County, Md., [118], [124]
• Cemeteries and burial places, of signers, marked, [160] (and see specific signers)
• Centennial (U.S.) Exposition, [264]
• Chain Bridge, [263]
• Chancery courts, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Channing, William Ellery, descendant of signer, [52]
• Chantilly (estate), Va., [92], [94]
• Chapels and chaplains, see [Christianity and religion]
• Charitable organizations, [166]
• Charles Carroll American Heritage Association, Inc., [185]
• Charles City and Charles City County, Va., [70]
• Charles County, Md., [135–136], [189]
• Charleston and Charleston Harbor, S.C., [65], [76], [103], [104], [127], [128], [129], [233]
• Charleston County, S.C., [99]
• Charleston “double house,” [233–234]
• Charleston (S.C.) Museum, [234]
• Charlestown, Mass., [9]
• Charlottesville, Va., [88], [89], [243], [250]
• Charter of Privileges (1701), [221]
• Chase, Mrs. Samuel, first wife of signer, [45], [46]
• Chase, Mrs. Samuel, second wife of signer, [46]
• Chase, Samuel (signer) (“Demosthenes of Maryland”), career of and sites associated with, [16], [29], [44], [45–46], [113], [114], [136], [161], [181–182]
• Chase family and descendants, [183]
• Chase-Lloyd House, Md., [161], [181–183]
• Chatham County, Ga., [67]
• “Chawton Manor,” Pa., [230]
• Chemistry education, [123], [124]
• Chericoke (estate), Va., [42], [240]
• Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, [44]
• Chester and Chester County, Pa., [50], [101], [109], [110], [118], [137], [138]
• Chestertown, Md., [114]
• Chew, Benjamin, lawyer-jurist, [82]
• Chilbury Hall, Md., [113]
• Children of signers, number and careers of, compared, [29–30], [41] (and see individual signers)
• Christ Church, Christ Churchyard, and Christ Church Burial Ground, Pa., [58], [75], [83], [108], [123], [126], [148], [224], [226]
• Christ Episcopal Church, Del., [121]
• Christianity and religion, and historic sites, [160], [181], [186], [199];
• and signers, [28], [31], [33], [43], [45], [65], [68], [73], [77], [88], [90], [95], [97], [115], [116], [122], [149–150], [181], [186];
• freedom in, [88], [90], [97];
• in Colonies, [55–56];
• in public education, [126];
• in Scotland, [149–150];
• in Va., [90], [93], [263];
• theologian prominent in, [52].
• See also specific denominations and churches.
• Churches and church affairs, see [Christianity and religion]
• Circuit courts and judges, U.S., see [United States Judiciary]
• Cities, towns, and villages: and committees/councils of correspondence, see [Committees of correspondence];
• and committees/councils of safety, see [Committees of safety];
• and historic preservation, [160];
• and signers, see particular signers.
• See also individual cities, towns, and villages.
• City Hall, old, New York City, see [Federal Hall]
• City Hall (Philadelphia), [218], [221]
• City Tavern (Philadelphia), [222]
• Civic affairs and politics, role of signers in, see specific signers
• Civic organizations, and historic preservation, [160]
• Civil War (U.S.), [186], [236], [239], [251]
• Clark, Abraham (signer), career of and sites associated with, [47–48], [160]
• Clarke, Rev. Jonas, relative of signer, [199]
• Clarke Hall (Philadelphia), [222]
• Classical and Classic Revival architectural style, [183–184].
• See also [Greek Revival architectural style].
• Classics, studied, see under [Education]
• Clay, Henry, law student, [154], [156]
• Clergymen, see [Christianity and religion]
• Clymer, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [29], [49–51], [134], [229]
• Cobblers, [129]
• Codes, legal, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Codfish, [59]
• College Hill (Walton-Harper House), Ga., [142], [173–175]
• College of Charleston, S.C., [104]
• College of New Jersey, see [Princeton University]
• College of Philadelphia, [82], [113], [124], [126], [146], [148]
• College of William and Mary, Va., [41], [70], [86], [154–156]
• Colleges and universities, and historic sites, [160];
• chemistry education in, [123], [124];
• classical education in, [154], [156];
• legal education in, [154–156];
• medical education in, [123–126];
• signers aid, head, and serve, [67], [123–126], [142], [146], [148], [150–151], [154–156];
• signers attend, [30] (and see particular signers).
• See also [Education];
• and specific colleges and universities.
• Colonial and colonial Philadelphia architectural style, [172], [228], [246], [252]
• Colonial Annapolis Historic District, Md., see [Annapolis and Colonial Annapolis Historic District]
• Colonial Dames of America, [160], [202]
• Colonial National Historical Park, Va., [160], [247–249]
• Colonial Park Cemetery, Ga., [64]
• Colonial Williamsburg, Va., see [Williamsburg, Williamsburg Historic District, and Colonial Williamsburg]
• Colonies, Thirteen (British-American): and British Empire, [147], [156];
• and signers, see [Signers of the Declaration] and individual signers;
• architecture in, see particular styles;
• confederations of, actual and proposed, [16], [34], [56], [79], [80] (and see [Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union]);
• constitutions, legislatures, and governments of, [9], [15] (and see specific colonies/States);
• cultural heritage of, [8];
• foreign nations recognize independence of, [35];
• government and diplomacy of, see [Continental Congress];
• heroes and prominent men in, [27], [31], [34], [37], [43], [55], [56], [68], [115];
• independence movement in, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash], [Declaration of Independence], and [Independence resolution];
• meetings and congresses of, [56], [79], [80], [93], [132];
• proprietary, [43], [56–57], [113], [120], [122], [136];
• publications popular in, [15], [55–56], [81];
• regions and trade of, [30], [62];
• status of Ga. in, [15], [64], [89];
• territory added to, [3];
• wars in, see specific wars.
• See also [Continental Congress];
• States;
• [War for Independence];
• individual colonies/States and regions;
• and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• Columbia University (King’s College), N.Y., [97]
• Commerce, trade, and manufacturing: and colonial protest, [97];
• and historic sites, [160], [181], [228];
• and signers, [27], [31] (and see specific signers);
• Britain-Colonies, [4], [8], [9], [37–38], [62], [68];
• Continental Congress regulates, [49], [52], [95];
• embargoes and restrictions on, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• France-Colonies, [147];
• in slaves, see [Slaves];
• in various colonies, [36], [52], [55], [80], [101], [120], [184], [202];
• Indian-Colonies, [4];
• individuals other than signers in, [51], [59], [62], [68], [106], [111], [115], [184], [204], [251];
• treaties deal with, [35], [58], [88–89].
• See also [Banks and banking];
• [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• [Taxes and taxation].
• Commissions and commissioners, see individual commissions, governmental bodies, and topics
• Committee of fifty-one, [95], [98]
• Committee of one hundred, [98]
• Committee of sixty, [95], [98]
• Committees, see particular agencies, governmental bodies, topics, and entries immediately preceding and following
• Committees of correspondence, [7–8], [37–38], [40], [44], [45], [59], [70], [72], [73], [78], [81], [93], [106], [113], [130], [136], [138], [146], [150]
• Committees of safety, [9], [10], [40], [42], [44], [45], [47], [49], [54], [60], [68], [72], [76], [103], [106], [114], [122], [131], [138], [139], [140], [141], [143], [145]
• Common Ground Cemetery, R.I., [52]
• Common schools, see [Education]
• Common Sense (pamphlet), [11], [12], [15], [124]
• Community affairs and politics, role of signers in, see specific signers
• Companies, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Composers, musical, see [Music and musicians]
• Concord and Battle of Concord, Mass., [8], [9], [10], [12], [38], [42], [60], [68]
• Confederacy (Civil War), [251]
• Confederations: of Colonies, actual and proposed, see under [Colonies];
• of Thirteen States, see [Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union];
• Continental Congress
• Conferences, see particular agencies, governmental bodies, and topics
• Confiscation of lands, see under [Land]
• Congregationalists and Congregational Church, [65], [68], [77], [144], [150], [166].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• Congresses, colonies/States, see individual colonies/States;
• Continental, see Continental Congress;
• intercolonial, see under [Colonies];
• U.S., see [United States Congress]
• Congress Hall (County Court House), Pa., [218], [221], [223], [226]
• Congressional Cemetery, D.C., [62]
• Connecticut (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [16], [18], [24], [53], [72], [83–84], [123], [129–131], [133], [143], [144–145], [152–153], [164–170], [211]
• Connecticut (Great) Compromise, in U.S. Constitutional Convention, [131]
• Conservatives and conservatism, political, [14], [16], [18], [22–23], [37], [41], [42], [45–46], [56], [70], [71], [72], [73], [79], [80], [88], [94], [96], [101], [113], [114], [118], [119], [128], [135], [136], [141–142], [145], [147];
• religious, [56], [65]
• Considerations on the Nature and Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament (tract), [146]
• Constitutional conventions and constitutions: British, see under [Great Britain];
• colonies/States, see specific colonies/States;
• U.S., see [United States Constitution] and [United States Constitutional Convention]
• Continental Army, and signers, [27], [34], [40], [60], [99–100], [107], [111];
• battles and campaigns of, see [War for Independence];
• Continental Congress regulates, [34], [49], [60], [71], [84], [91], [98], [101], [105], [115], [143], [145], [147], [151];
• created, [14], [217];
• Declaration distributed to, [22];
• financed, [14], [60], [106–108];
• inspected, [134];
• leadership of, [14], [29], [34], [41], [69], [74–75], [217], [264];
• medical service and conditions in, [40], [125], [228];
• recruiting poster of, reproduced, [10];
• recruitment-enlistment for, [60], [121];
• supplied, [14], [60], [84], [95], [106–108], [137], [138];
• veterans of, [60], [114].
• See also [Militia].
• Continental Association, [9], [66], [103]
• Continental Congress (First and Second), adjourns and convenes, [7–8], [9], [14], [38], [93];
• and Adams (John), [18], [33–35], [38];
• and Articles of Confederation, see [Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union];
• and Bank of North America, see [Bank of North America];
• and Colonies, see [Colonies];
• and committees of correspondence and safety, see [Committees of correspondence] and [Committees of safety];
• and Cornwallis’ surrender, [218];
• and Declaration of Independence, see [Declaration of Independence];
• and Halifax Resolves, [74];
• and Hancock, [69];
• and independence from Britain, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash] and [Independence resolution];
• and Indians, see [Indians and Indian affairs];
• and maritime matters, see [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• and Olive Branch Petition, [14];
• and signers, see particular signers;
• and U.S. Constitution, see [United States Constitution];
• book on, [268];
• Delegates and delegations to, see individual Delegates and colonies/States and under Counties and parishes;
• diplomatic program of, see [Diplomats and diplomacy];
• father-son team in, [100];
• fiscal problems and policies of, [31], [49–50], [60], [71], [106–108], [111], [117], [131], [141], [143], [151];
• gathering place for members of, [222];
• key days in, [18];
• meetingplaces of, front endpaper, [8], [14], [50], [217], [219–221], [224], [263];
• memorialized, [221];
• officials of, [22], [24], [39], [52], [67], [69], [84], [92], [94], [101], [117], [136], [207], [262–263], [267];
• organization and committees/commissions of, [8], [15], [16], [34], [40], [44], [49–50], [52], [54], [71], [74], [81], [84], [91], [95], [98], [105], [110], [115], [131], [138], [141], [143], [147], [151];
• profiteering in, [31], [46], [106–107];
• prominent men not Delegates to, [27];
• regulates commerce, [49], [52], [95];
• representation and voting procedures in, [8], [15], [18], [24], [27], [39], [66] (and see individual colonies/States);
• sectional rivalries in, [74];
• temper and range of political opinion in, [8–9], [14–15], [16], [18], [34], [88], [135], [136], [141], [147].
• See also entries immediately preceding and following, specific colonies/States, and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• Continental currency, [31], [49], [69]
• Continental Loan Office, [52]
• Continental Navy, [15], [34], [52], [74–75], [81], [82], [108]
• Continental Navy Board, [82]. See also [Continental Navy].
• Convention of Saratoga, see [Saratoga and Battle of Saratoga]
• Conventions, see individual conventions, colonies/States, and appropriate topics
• Conway, Thomas, and Conway Cabal, [60], [95], [125]
• Coopers, [83]
• Corbin, Richard, father-in-law of signer, [42]
• Cornwallis, Gen. Charles, British officer, [218], [248]
• Corporations, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Correspondence, committees/councils of, see [Committees of correspondence]
• Coton (estate), Va., [91]
• Cotton planters, see [Planters and plantations]
• Councils, see particular councils, cities, towns, colonies/States, and appropriate topics
• Councils of correspondence, see [Committees of correspondence]
• Councils of safety, see [Committees of safety]
• Counties and parishes, and committees/councils of correspondence and safety, see [Committees of correspondence] and [Committees of safety];
• militia of, see [Militia];
• offices in and affairs of, role of signers in, see specific signers;
• send Delegates to Continental Congress, [54], [66], [141].
• See also individual colonies/States and counties/parishes.
• Counting rooms and houses, [36], [184], [202]
• County Court House, Pa., see [Congress Hall]
• Courts, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Coventry Forge, Pa., [137]
• Criteria of eligibility of sites and buildings for National Historic Landmark status, [161], [270–271]
• Crown, British, see [Colonies];
• Great Britain
• Crown Point, N.Y., [115]
• Cumberland County, Pa., [122]
• Currency and money, and Continental Congress, see under [Continental Congress];
• British problems with, [3];
• Continental, [31], [49], [69];
• signers raise to further Revolutionary cause, [31], [49];
• speculation in, see [Speculators and speculation];
• status of signers regarding, see [Wealth and financial status of signers];
• theory on, [130]. See also [Banks and banking].
• Customs laws, collection, and officials, British and American, [3], [4], [6], [34], [37], [52], [68], [82], [101]
• Dana, Richard Henry, Sr., grandson of signer, [52]
• Dartmouth College, N.H., [40], [84]
• Daughters of signers, see particular signers
• Daughters of the American Revolution, [160], [176], [192], [224], [227]
• Daughters of the Revolution, [160]
• Dawes, William, patriot, [10], [199]
• “Dean’s House,” N.J., see [President’s House]
• Deaths of signers: age at, compared, [28–29];
• earliest, [62], [98], [109], [199];
• latest, [35], [43];
• on anniversary of adoption of Declaration, [35], [90].
• See also specific signers.
• Debts and economic reversals of signers, [36–37], [46], [63–64], [69], [73], [78], [89–90], [107–108], [112], [132], [146], [148], [196], [213]
• “Declaration by the Representatives of the United States of America in General Congress Assembled” (A), see [Declaration of Independence]
• Declaration of Independence, and Adams (John), [16], [18], [20], [33–34];
• and Va. constitution, [20];
• anniversary of, [35], [90], [264];
• author of, see [Jefferson, Thomas];
• books on, [268–269];
• broadside copies of, [22], [69], [262];
• building, residence, and rooms involved in creation of, [18], [159–160], [217], [222], rear endpaper;
• celebrated and read publicly, [22], [217], [264];
• contents and style of, analyzed, [20], [22];
• debated, altered, adopted, and signed, [3], [18], [20], [22], [23–24], [28], [33], [34], [67], [69], [71], [72], [76], [81], [82], [88], [90], [93], [95], [100], [106], [110], [117], [120], [123], [124], [129], [136], [159–160], [217], [219–220], [222], [262] (and see individual signers);
• desk written on, [222], [245];
• displayed, in various places, [3], [262–267];
• displayed, photo of, [266];
• drafted, [14], [16], [18], [33], [34], [55], [57–58], [88], [90], [93], [129], [130], [217], [228], [245], [262], [263];
• drafting committee of, illus. of, [ii];
• historical background and origins of, [3–24];
• history of document, [262–267];
• Jefferson presents to Hancock, in mural, [267];
• misconceptions concerning, [23–24];
• newspapers describe and publish, [21];
• parchment copy of, [23–24], [69], [262–267];
• parchment copy of, facsimile of, reproduced, [19];
• political philosophy of, [20];
• preamble of, [20];
• predicted, [78], [82];
• presented to Continental Congress, illus. of, [ii];
• printed and distributed, [22], [23–24], [262];
• reflects unanimity, [23];
• revised draft of, [262];
• rough draft of, illus. of first page of, [17];
• rough drafts of, [17], [18], [20], [262];
• signatures on, order and nature of, [23–24], [39], [60], [67], [93], [100], [139], [140], [153], [155], [217], [262];
• signers of, see [Signers of the Declaration] and specific signers;
• significance and influence of, [3], [20];
• text of, reprinted, [259–262];
• titles of, [23];
• traditions concerning, [52], [58], [69], [79].
• See also [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• [Independence resolution].
• “Declaration of Independence” (The) (painting), reproduced, [ii]
• “Declaration of Rights,” [20].
• See also [Rights].
• Degrees, academic and honorary, signers earn, see individual signers
• Deists, [28]
• Delaware (Three Lower Counties) (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [16], [18], [24], [27], [100–102], [118–121], [122], [135].
• See also [Pennsylvania].
• Delaware County, Pa., [109]
• Delegates, see particular legislative bodies and appropriate topics
• Democracy, [3].
• See also appropriate related topics throughout this index.
• Democratic-Republicans and Democratic-Republican Party, [52], [61–62], [85], [89], [102].
• See also [Jeffersonians].
• Departments of U.S. Government, see appropriate departments following United States
• Derry Village, N.H., [139], [203]
• Descendants of signers, achieve distinction, [29–30];
• and historic sites, [160].
• See also specific signers and individuals.
• Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Inc., [160]
• Deshler-Morris House, Pa., [224], [226]
• Deshon, Christopher, merchant, [183]
• Deshon-Caton-Carroll House, Md., [45], [183–185]
• Dickinson, John, lawyer-legislator, [18], [69], [93], [110], [119], [146]
• Dickinson College, Pa., [126]
• Dinwiddie, Robert, British official, [154]
• Diplomats and diplomacy, [15], [16], [29], [33], [35], [44], [46], [55], [58], [61], [71], [85], [88], [93], [95], [98], [128], [136], [143], [151], [193–196]
• Disease, sickness, and physical afflictions of signers, see particular signers
• District courts, U.S., see [United States Judiciary]
• District of Columbia, see [Washington, D.C.]
• Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals, [31], [39–40], [56], [65], [66], [67], [97], [98], [121], [123–127], [139–140], [152], [201], [203], [218], [228].
• On the health of individual signers, see specific signers.
• Dorchester, Mass., [129]
• Dorchester, S.C., [65]
• Doric architectural style, [166], [176], [186], [244]
• “Double house,” [233–234]
• Doughoregan Manor, Md., [43], [45], [179], [180], [183], [185–186]
• Dover, Del., [18], [101], [119], [120], [121]
• Down Hatherly (village), England, [62]
• Drafting, of Articles of Confederation, see [Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union];
• of Declaration, see [Declaration of Independence];
• of key State documents, see individual States;
• of U.S. Constitution, see [United States Constitution]
• Drafts, various, of Declaration, see [Declaration of Independence]
• Dublin, Ireland, [118], [172]
• Duels, [62], [63], [64], [117]
• Duke of Leinster, [172]
• Dunmore, Lord John M., British official, [42], [111]
• Durham Furnace, Pa., [137], [138]
• Dutch, see [Holland]
• Duties, see [Customs laws, collection, and officials]
• East Cemetery, Conn., [153]
• East River, [97]
• East Windsor, Conn., [153]
• Eastern Shore, see [Maryland]
• Easton, Pa., [137], [138], [230]
• Easton Cemetery, Pa., [138]
• Economic matters, see mainly [Banks and banking];
• [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Economic status of signers, see [Wealth and financial status of signers]
• Edenton, N.C., [73], [78], [148]
• Edge, Gov. (N.J.) and Mrs. Walter E., and Morven, [208]
• Edinburgh, Scotland, [134], [149]
• Education, and Jefferson, [85], [86];
• and Lowell, [195–196];
• classical, [39], [45], [154];
• in chemistry, [123], [124];
• in various colonies/States, [84], [102], [229], [245], [252], [255];
• legal, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence];
• medical, see [Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals];
• of signers, compared, [27], [28], [30] (and see specific signers);
• reform of, [126];
• religious, in public schools, [126] (and see [Christianity and religion]);
• signers further as teachers, professors, and administrators, [33], [56], [65], [67], [80], [85], [115], [142], [154–156].
• See also [Colleges and universities].
• Elections and elective officials, see particular legislative bodies, offices, individuals, and colonies/States
• Electors, presidential, see under [United States Presidents and Presidency]
• Elementary schools, see [Education]
• Eligibility of sites and buildings for National Historic Landmark status, see [National Historic Landmarks]
• Elizabeth City County, Va., [154]
• Ellery, William (signer), career of and sites associated with, [51–52], [160]
• Elmwood (Oliver-Gerry-Lowell House), Mass., [195–197]
• Elsing Green (estate), Va., [41], [42], [240–242]
• Emancipation of slaves, see [Slaves]
• Embargoes, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Emley, John, see [Imlay, John]
• England and Englishmen, see [Colonies];
• Great Britain
• English language and literature, see [Literature and literary figures]
• Epidemics, see [Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals]
• Esopus, N.Y., [98]
• Essays and essayists, see [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts]
• Essays: Literary, Moral, and Philosophical (book), [126]
• Essex County, N.J., [47]
• Eton (school), England, [99]
• Europe, and Poor Richard’s Almanac, [55–56];
• architecture in, [172];
• capital from, [148];
• colonists from, and western lands, [148];
• culture of, [88];
• medical students from, [126];
• signers visit and study in, [30], [43], [88], [92], [95], [103], [179], [180], [192], [193], [235];
• U.S. diplomats in, see [Diplomats and diplomacy.]
• See also specific countries.
• Excavation, archeological, [177]
• “Exceptional value,” sites and buildings of, see [National Historic Landmarks]
• Excise taxes, see under [Taxes and taxation]
• Exeter, N.H., [143]
• Exhibition Hall (National Archives Building, D.C.), [262], [266], [267]
• Exports, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Facsimiles of Declaration, see under [Declaration of Independence]
• Fairfax County, Va., [91]
• Families of signers, suffer during War for Independence, [31], [47], [54], [71–72], [94–95], [104–105], [110].
• See also specific signers and families.
• Farms and farming: and signers, [31], [45], [47], [53], [72], [80], [83], [85], [101], [109], [110], [117], [124], [129], [134], [140], [164], [203], [209], [210–211], [212–213];
• in various areas, [33], [76], [101], [117], [138], [140], [164], [166], [230], [255].
• See also [Planters and plantations].
• Farmville, Va., [141]
• Federal, see United States entries and those immediately following
• Federal City, see [Washington, D.C.]
• Federal Hall (old City Hall), New York City, [263]
• Federal period architecture and literature, [81], [170]
• Federalists and Federalist Party, [35], [44], [46], [52], [61], [89], [102], [108], [116], [119], [128], [131], [156].
• See also [Hamilton, Alexander, and Hamiltonians].
• Ferries, [140]
• Financial matters, see [Currency and money];
• [Wealth and financial status of signers]
• Finian (estate), N.C., [77], [78], [79], [214]
• Finns and Finland, [109]
• Fire Island National Seashore, N.Y., [160], [210–212]
• Fires, and historic sites, [40], [86], [97], [159], [199], [207], [247], [250], [263]
• First Bank of the United States, see [Bank of the United States]
• First Bank of the United States Building, Pa., [224], [226]
• First Baptist Church, N.J., [72]
• First Continental Congress, see [Continental Congress]
• First Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Pa., [133]
• First South Carolina Regiment of Continentals, [99]
• Fiscal matters, see [Currency and money]
• Floor plans, see specific houses
• Florida (region and State), [76], [104], [128], [233]
• Floyd, Mrs. William, first wife of signer, [53]
• Floyd, Mrs. William, second wife of signer, [54]
• Floyd, Nicoll, son of signer, [54], [211], [212]
• Floyd, William (signer), career of and sites associated with, [53–54], [210–213]
• Floyd Birthplace (Fire Island National Seashore), N.Y., [53], [54], [160], [210–212]
• Floyd family and descendants, [54], [210–213]
• Floyd (General) House, N.Y., see [General Floyd House]
• Flushing, N.Y., [95]
• Food shortages, [147]
• Foreign affairs, see [Diplomats and diplomacy]
• Foreign born signers, [27–28] (and see particular signers)
• “Formation of the Union” exhibit, [267]
• Fort Knox, Ky., [265]
• Fort Oswego, N.Y., [95]
• Fort Stanwix, N.Y., Second Treaty of (1784), [153]
• “Fort Wilson” (residence), Pa., [146], [147], [222]
• Foundations, historic, and historic sites, [160]
• Founders’ Monument, Ga., see [Signers’ Monument]
• France, and Democratic-Republicans, [61];
• and signers, [35], [43], [58], [95], [100], [145], [147];
• and War for Independence, [145];
• artist-engineer from, [171];
• cedes land to Britain, [3], [4];
• commerce of, [147];
• diplomacy of and U.S. diplomats in, [35], [55], [58], [61], [88];
• fortress of, [139];
• loans money to Continental Congress, [108];
• revolution in, [35], [88–89];
• undeclared war of, with U.S., [35], [61];
• wallpaper from, [202];
• wars of, see specific wars.
• See also [New France].
• Franklin, Benjamin (signer), career of and sites associated with, [16], [18], [20], [27], [28], [29], [35], [44], [55–58], [79], [82], [88], [110], [124], [128], [147], [160], [221], [222], [224]
• Franklin, James, half-brother of signer, [55]
• Franklin College, Ga., [67], [142]
• Franklin stoves, [204]
• Frederick and Frederick County, Md., [43], [135]
• French and Indian War, [3], [56], [95], [97], [115], [144]
• French language, [44]
• French Revolution, [35], [88–89]
• Friends Meeting House Cemetery, N.J., [51]
• Frontier and frontiersmen, [4], [54], [56], [78], [85], [86], [108], [141], [147], [148], [212]
• Fulling mills, [72]
• Furniture and furnishings, associated with signers, collectively, [219], [221].
• See also individual sites.
• Gadsden, Christopher, legislator, [128]
• Gage, Gen. Thomas, British officer-official, [10]
• Galloway, John, Loyalist, [138]
• Gardens, famous, [236–237]. See also specific sites.
• Garrison house, [178]
• General Floyd House, N.Y., [54], [212–213]
• General Services Administration (U.S.), see [United States General Services Administration]
• George II, King of England, [68]
• George III, King of England, [4], [8], [15], [22], [24], [68]
• George Taylor Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, [227]
• Georgetown and Georgetown County, S.C., [99]
• Georgia (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [8], [9], [15], [16], [18], [24], [30], [51], [54], [56], [62–67], [76], [138], [140–142], [148], [161], [173–177]
• Georgia State Society, Daughters of the American Revolution, [176]
• Georgian architectural style, [176–178], [181–183], [185–191], [194–198], [201–202], [206–213], [218–219], [226–227], [229–234], [239–249], [251–256]
• German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Pa., [138]
• Germans and Germany, [40]
• Germantown and Battle of Germantown, Pa., [23], [151], [224]
• Germantown (Pa.) Historical Society, [226]
• Gerry, Elbridge (signer), career of and sites associated with, [24], [29], [59–62], [195–198]
• Gerry, Mrs. Elbridge, wife of signer, [61–62]
• Gerry, Thomas, father of signer, [197]
• Gerry Birthplace, Mass., [197–198]
• Gerry family, [197]
• “Gerrymander,” [61]
• Gifford (village), Scotland, [149]
• Glamorganshire, Wales, [95]
• Glasgow, Scotland, [149]
• Gloria Dei (Old Swedes’) Church National Historic Site, Pa., [226]
• Gloucestershire, England, [62]
• “God save the King” (British national anthem), [76]
• “God save the thirteen States” (song), [76]
• Goochland County, Va., [86]
• Governor Hopkins House, R.I., [231–232]
• Governor Huntington House, Conn., see [Huntington House]
• Governors, see specific colonies/States and individuals
• Grace Episcopal Church, Va., [112]
• Graff, Jacob, Jr., House, Pa.: and Declaration of Independence, [18], [222];
• illus. of, [225], rear endpaper
• Graham, Gov. (N.C.) William A., and Nash-Hooper House, [214]
• Grammar schools, see [Education]
• Granville County, N.C., [117]
• Graves, graveyards, and gravestones, see [Cemeteries and burial places]
• Great Britain, agents of various American colonies in, [56];
• and Federalists, [61];
• and Ga., [15], [64], [89];
• and Liberty Bell, [221];
• and signers, [28], [31], [41], [56], [62], [64], [68], [76], [82], [88], [95], [99], [103], [106], [109], [111], [113], [115], [127], [136], [143], [240];
• and slave trade, [20];
• Army of, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash] and specific wars;
• Bank of England in, [46];
• clashes with American Colonies, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash] and [War for Independence];
• colonies of, see [Colonies];
• Commonwealth of Nations of, [147];
• “conspiracy” in, [3–4];
• constitution of, [15];
• creditors in, [4], [78];
• debtors in, [78];
• diplomacy of and U.S. diplomats in, [35], [194], [196];
• Empire of, and Colonies, [155];
• financial problems of, [3];
• France cedes lands to, [3], [4];
• grants lands, [95];
• kings of, see specific kings;
• national anthem of, [76];
• navy of, [64], [98], [141];
• Parliament of, see under [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• people of, and Declaration of Independence, [20];
• recognizes U.S. independence, see [Treaty of Paris];
• reorganization of imperial structure of, [147];
• Revolutionary tracts circulate in, [81], [146];
• rights of citizens of, [8–9];
• ties of, to American Colonies, [8];
• trade of, [8], [9], [31], [37], [46];
• treasury of, [3];
• wars of, see specific wars.
• See also [Irish, Ireland, and Scotch-Irish];
• [Scots, Scotland, and Scotch-Irish];
• [Wales and Welshmen];
• and other appropriate topics throughout this index.
• Great Compromise, in U.S. Constitutional Convention, [131]
• Greek language, [39], [156]
• Greek Revival architectural style, [164–165], [166], [168], [180], [185–186], [199–201], [203–204], [207–208], [231]
• Greenland, [115]
• Greensboro, N.C., [79], [118], [161]
• Greenwich Forge and Greenwich Township, N.J., [138], [226]
• Grievances, colonial, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Grist mills, [72]
• Grove Street Cemetery, Conn., [131]
• Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, N.C., [79], [118], [161], [216]
• Guns and gunpowder, see [Arms, ammunition, and ordnance]
• Gwinnett, Button (signer), career of and sites associated with, [27–28], [62–64], [65], [67], [98], [140], [161], [176–177]
• Gwinnett, Mrs. Button, wife of signer, [62]
• H-shaped buildings, [251–253], [253–255]
• Habre-de-Venture (estate), Md., [136], [186–188], [189]
• Hackney School, England, [103], [111]
• Haddington (town) and Haddington Presbytery, Scotland, [149]
• Hague (town), Va., [94]
• “Hail Columbia” (song), [81]
• Halifax Resolves, [74]
• Hall, Lyman (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [64], [65–67], [140], [141], [160], [161]
• Hall, Mrs. Lyman, first wife of signer, [65]
• Hall, Mrs. Lyman, second wife of signer, [65]
• Hall, Rev. Samuel, uncle of signer, [65]
• Hall family, [66]
• Hall’s Knoll (estate), Ga., [66], [67]
• Hamilton, Alexander, and Hamiltonians, [35], [89].
• See also [Federalists and Federalist Party].
• Hamilton, Andrew, lawyer-architect, [217]
• Hampton, Va., [154]
• Hancock, John (signer), career of and sites associated with, [12], [22], [24], [34], [37], [38], [39], [59], [60], [67–69], [115], [116], [198–199], [262], [267]
• Hancock, John George Washington, son of signer, [69]
• Hancock, Rev. John, grandfather of signer, [199]
• Hancock, Thomas, uncle of signer, [68], [199]
• Hancock-Clarke House, Mass., [198–199]
• Hancock family, [199]
• Hanover County, Va., [42], [112], [247]
• Harford County, Md., [113]
• Harper family, [175]
• Harrison, Benjamin IV, father of signer, [239]
• Harrison, Benjamin V (signer) (“Falstaff of Congress”), career of and sites associated with, [30], [69], [70–71], [239–240]
• Harrison, Benjamin VI, son of signer, [239]
• Harrison, Benjamin, great-grandson of signer and President, [30], [70], [239]
• Harrison, Joseph H., legislator, [114], [136]
• Harrison, Mrs. Benjamin V, wife of signer, [70]
• Harrison, William Henry, son of signer and President, [30], [70], [239]
• Harrison family, [70], [71], [240]
• Harrison’s Landing, Va., see [Berkeley]
• Hart, John (signer) (“Honest John”), career of and sites associated with, [71–72], [160]
• Hart, Mrs. John, wife of signer, [72]
• Harvard College and University, Mass., [30], [33], [36], [51], [59], [68], [77], [115], [144], [197]
• Hayes Plantation, N.C., [148]
• Health of signers, see specific signers
• Henry, Patrick, career of, [27], [28], [42], [70], [71], [86], [88], [92], [93], [111]
• Heraldic emblems, [82]
• Hessians, see [Germans and Germany]
• Hewes, Joseph (signer), career of and sites associated with, [29], [73–75], [116], [117], [161], [206], [224]
• Heyward, Daniel, father of signer, [233]
• Heyward, Mrs. Thomas, Jr., first wife of signer, [76]
• Heyward, Mrs. Thomas, Jr., second wife of signer, [76]
• Heyward, Thomas, Jr. (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [75–76], [99], [104], [127], [128], [233–234]
• Heyward family, [76], [234]
• Heyward-Washington House, S.C., [233–234]
• Higher education, see [Colleges and universities]
• Hills, The (estate), Pa., [108]
• Hillsborough, N.C., [79], [214]
• Historians and historiography, [33], [194].
• See also entries immediately following.
• Historic Annapolis, Inc., [189]
• Historic Districts, see [National Historic Landmarks]
• Historic foundations, and historic sites, [160]
• Historic Places, National Register of, see [National Register of Historic Places]
• Historic preservation activities and problems, [159–162].
• See also entries immediately preceding and following.
• Historic sites and buildings of national significance, see [National Historic Landmarks]
• Historical societies, State and local: and historic preservation, [160]
• Historiography, see [Historians and historiography]
• Hoban, James, architect, [171], [172]
• Holland (Dutch Republic; Netherlands), [35], [96], [211]
• Homes of signers, see [Residences of signers]
• “Homestead” (The), Pa., see [Byberry]
• “Honeymoon Cottage,” Va., [244], [245]
• Hooper, Mrs. William, wife of signer, [77]
• Hooper, Rev. William, father of signer, [77]
• Hooper, William (signer) (“Prophet of Independence”), career of and sites associated with, [31], [77–79], [116], [117], [161], [214–216]
• Hopewell, N.J., [72]
• Hopkins, Alden, descendant of signer, [232]
• Hopkins, Esek, brother of signer, [80], [81]
• Hopkins, Mrs. Stephen, first wife of signer, [80]
• Hopkins, Mrs. Stephen, second wife of signer, [80]
• Hopkins, Stephen (signer), career of and sites associated with, [51], [79–81], [231–232]
• Hopkins (Governor) House, R.I., see [Governor Hopkins House]
• Hopkinson, Francis (signer), career of and sites associated with, [81–83], [204–205], [224]
• Hopkinson, Joseph, son of signer, [81], [204]
• Hopkinson, Mrs. Francis, wife of signer, [82]
• Hopkinson family, [204]
• Hopkinson House, N.J., [204–205]
• Hopsewee-on-the-Santee (plantation), S.C., [99], [234–236]
• Horses, [101], [121], [134]
• Hospitals, see [Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals]
• House of Burgesses, see [Virginia House of Burgesses]
• Howard County, Md., [43], [180], [183]
• Howe, Lord Richard, British admiral, [98], [128], [136]
• Howe, Sir William, British officer, [13], [128]
• Humanitarians and reformers, [50], [80], [97], [123–126]
• Humphreys, Charles, legislator, [110]
• Hunterdon County, N.J., [72]
• Huntington, Mrs. Samuel, wife of signer, [83]
• Huntington, Samuel (signer), career of and sites associated with, [83–84], [164–166], [222]
• Huntington Birthplace, Conn., [164–165]
• Huntington House (Governor Huntington House), Conn., [165–166]
• Illnesses of signers, see [Disease, sickness, and physical afflictions of signers]
• Imlay (Emley), John, merchant, [204]
• Immanuel Episcopal Churchyard, Del., [119]
• Impeachment, [46], [102], [148]
• Imports, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Imprisonment, see [Prisons, prisoners, and prisoners-of-war]
• Inaugurations and inaugural addresses of U.S. Presidents, see under [United States Presidents and Presidency]
• Indentured servants, [31], [137]
• Independence Day (U.S.), [76]
• Independence Hall (State House for the Province of Pennsylvania), Pa., front endpaper, [14], [18], [22], [216], [217–226]
• Independence Mall, Pa., [226]
• Independence movement (U.S.) and British-colonial clash: and Adams (John), [18], [33–34];
• and Adams (Samuel), [36–38];
• and British Parliament, [8], [9], [14], [15], [38], [42], [56], [57], [59], [72], [81], [86], [93], [134], [146], [155];
• and Continental Congress, see [Continental Congress];
• and R.I., [15];
• and Va., [15];
• British actions and postures during, [3–156] passim, [199];
• colonial grievances, protests, and actions during, [3–156] passim, [189–190], [195], [199], [217], [259–262];
• fathers of, [33], [67];
• fruition and celebration of, [15], [22], [218];
• outcome of, predicted, [78], [82];
• public attitudes toward, [22–23];
• range of reaction to, see [Conservatives and conservatism], [Loyalists and Tories], [Moderates], and [Radicals and radicalism];
• results in war, see [War for Independence];
• signers’ role in, see individual signers;
• timing of, [8], [16], [217].
• See also [Declaration of Independence];
• [Independence resolution];
• specific colonies/States;
• and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• Independence National Historical Park, Pa., [159–160], [216–226]
• Independence resolution (U.S.), background, introduction, and adoption of, [14], [15–18], [22], [27], [34], [39], [44], [46], [60], [67], [72], [74], [92], [93], [95], [98], [100], [101], [106], [109], [110], [111], [114], [118], [119], [120–121], [122], [127], [128], [134], [135], [136], [147], [153], [217].
• See also [Declaration of Independence];
• [Independence movement and British-colonial clash].
• Independence Square, Pa., [217], [221], [222], [226]
• Indians and Indian affairs, [4], [51], [84], [89], [98], [105], [115], [122], [131], [138], [141], [147], [152–153], [177]
• Indigo, [66]
• Indigo Society School, S.C., [99]
• Individuals, and historic preservation, [160] (and see particular sites);
• rights of, see [Rights]
• Inflation, [147]
• Insane and insanity, [126]
• Intellectuals and intellectual life, [43], [55], [85], [145], [194], [228]
• Intercolonial affairs, see [Colonies]
• Interstate disputes, see under [States]
• Inventors and invention, [55], [85]
• Ionic architectural style, [182], [184], [197], [244]
• Iredell, James, U.S. Supreme Court Justice, [78], [148], [213]
• Iredell, Mrs. James, and certain signers, [79], [214]
• Iredell House, N.C., [213–214]
• Irish, Ireland, and Scotch-Irish, [43], [101], [118], [127], [132], [137], [139], [146], [171], [172], [204]
• Iron and iron manufacturing, [31], [132], [137], [226]
• Iroquois (Six Indian Nations) Indians, [138], [153]
• Italy and Italians, [88], [113], [183], [243]
• Jacob Graff, Jr., House, Pa., see [Graff, Jacob, Jr., House]
• Jails, see [Prisons, prisoners, and prisoners-of-war]
• James River, [239], [253]
• Jasper County, S.C., [75]
• Jay, John, diplomat, [35], [58], [263]
• Jefferson, Martha, daughter of signer, [245]
• Jefferson, Mrs. Thomas, wife of signer, [88], [244], [249]
• Jefferson, Peter, father of signer, [86], [254]
• Jefferson, Thomas (signer and author of Declaration), career of and sites associated with, [16], [18], [20], [27], [28], [29], [33], [34], [35], [85–90], [93], [124], [154], [155], [170–173], [217], [222], [228], [243–245], [249–251], [253–255], [262], [263], [267], rear endpaper.
• See also [Jeffersonians].
• Jefferson family, [245]
• Jefferson (Thomas) Memorial, D.C., [161]
• Jefferson (Thomas) Memorial Foundation, [245]
• Jefferson Papers, [262]
• Jeffersonians, [35]. See also [Democratic-Republicans and Democratic-Republican Party].
• Jersey (ship), [48]
• Jesuits, see [Roman Catholic Church]
• John Adams Birthplace, Mass., see [Adams (John) Birthplace]
• John Quincy Adams Birthplace, Mass., see [Adams (John Quincy) Birthplace]
• Johnson, Thomas, lawyer, [114], [136]
• Jones, John Paul, naval officer, [74–75]
• Judges, judicial matters, and jurisprudence, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Kent County, Del., [120], [121]
• King and Queen County, Va., [41]
• King George’s War, [139], [152]
• King William County and King William Courthouse, Va., [41]
• Kings, denounced, [15] (and see specific kings)
• King’s Attorneys, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• King’s College, N.Y., see [Columbia University]
• Kingston, N.H., [39], [41]
• Kingston, N.Y., [98]
• Kittery, Maine, [143], [177]
• Ladd family, [201–202]
• Lafayette, Marquis de, visits U.S., [248]
• Lake George, [144]
• Lancaster, Pa., [122], [132], [218], [263]
• Land, and signers, [31], [47], [61], [63], [66], [67], [95], [102], [108], [119], [133], [138], [141], [142], [143], [146], [147], [148], [175], [212], [213];
• interstate disputes over, [119], [133], [143], [153];
• Loyalist, confiscated, [61], [67], [103], [138], [142], [175];
• major grants of, [54], [63], [95], [102], [212];
• speculation in, [108], [147], [148], [213]
• Landmarks, National Historic, see [National Historic Landmarks]
• Languages, see specific languages
• Latin language, [39], [146], [156]
• Latrobe, Benjamin H., architect, [172]
• Laurel Hill Cemetery, Pa., [102]
• Laurens, Henry, legislator, [117]
• Laws and lawyers, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Learned societies, [80], [116], [126], [218–226] passim
• Lebanon, Conn., [144–145], [166]
• Lee, Arthur, brother of signers, [35], [90], [228], [251]
• Lee, Francis Lightfoot (signer), career of and sites associated with, [90–91], [92], [93], [228], [242–243], [246–247], [251–253]
• Lee, Henry (Col. “Lighthorse Harry”), relative of signers, [251–252]
• Lee, Matilda, niece of signers, [251–252]
• Lee, Mrs. Francis Lightfoot, wife of signer, [91], [242], [246]
• Lee, Mrs. Richard Henry, first wife of signer, [92]
• Lee, Mrs. Richard Henry, second wife of signer, [92]
• Lee, Philip Ludwell, brother of signers, [91], [92], [251]
• Lee, Richard Henry (signer and sponsor of independence resolution), career of and sites associated with, [15–16], [18], [22], [24], [27], [28], [44], [46], [71], [74], [86], [90], [91], [92–94], [111], [128], [147], [217], [228], [251–253]
• Lee, Richard Henry, grandson of signer, [264]
• Lee, Robert E., Confederate officer, [251–253]
• Lee, Thomas, father of signers, [91], [92], [251]
• Lee, Thomas Ludwell, brother of signers, [251]
• Lee, William, brother of signers, [90], [251]
• Lee family, [91], [94], [251–253]
• Lee (Robert E.) Memorial Foundation, Inc., [253]
• Leesburg, Va., [91], [263]
• Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence: admiralty, see [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• and colonial protests, [97];
• and slaves, [80];
• codes for, State, compiled and revised, [88], [101], [120], [131], [148], [155];
• famous trials in, [34];
• Federal, see [United States Judiciary];
• impeachment in, [46], [148];
• individuals other than signers practice, [97], [101], [113], [117], [118], [122], [132], [134], [135], [141], [204], [217], [232];
• political partisanship in, [46];
• schools teach, [43], [154–156];
• signers study and practice, see specific signers.
• See also particular laws.
• Legislatures, colonial, provincial, and State: role of, in independence movement, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• signers serve in, see individual signers.
• See also specific colonies/States.
• Lehigh County (Pa.) Historical Society, [231]
• Lehigh River, [230]
• Leinster, Duke of, [172]
• L’Enfant, Maj. Pierre Charles, artist-engineer-architect, [108], [171]
• “Letters of the Federal Farmer to the Republican,” [94]
• Lewis, Francis (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [94–96], [160]
• Lewis, Mrs. Francis, wife of signer, [31], [94], [95]
• Lexington and Battle of Lexington, Mass., [12], [38], [42], [60], [68]
• Lexington (Mass.) Historical Society, [199]
• Liberty Bell, [221]
• Liberty County, Ga., [65–66]
• Libraries, public and private, [56], [80], [134], [151], [176], [186], [193], [195], [207], [209], [222], [236], [253], [262], [264–265].
• See also [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts].
• Library Company of Philadelphia, [222]
• Library Hall, Pa., [222], [226]
• Library of Congress, [90], [262], [264–265]
• Linlithgo, N.Y., [96]
• Litchfield, Litchfield Historic District, and Litchfield County, Conn., [152], [153], [169]
• Literature (English and American) and literary figures, [8], [18], [33], [36–37], [45], [52], [55], [81–83], [86], [115], [123–126], [134], [146], [156], [194], [195–196], [204].
• See also [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts].
• Liverpool, England, [106]
• Livingston, Mrs. Philip, mother of signer, [96]
• Livingston, Mrs. Philip, wife of signer, [96–97]
• Livingston, Philip, father of signer, [96]
• Livingston, Philip (signer), career of and sites associated with, [96–98], [160]
• Livingston, Robert R., helps draft Declaration, [14], [16], [18], [20], [228]
• Livingston Manor, N.Y., [96], [98]
• Llandaff (city), Wales, [95]
• Lloyd, Edward IV, planter-politician, [181]
• Lloyd family, [183]
• Local affairs and politics, role of signers in, see specific signers
• Local groups and historical societies, and historic preservation, [160]
• Locke, John, British political philosopher, [20]
• London, England, [43], [46], [55], [56], [68], [76], [99], [103], [113], [124]
• Londonderry, N.H., [139], [140], [203]
• Long Island, Long Island Sound, and Battle of Long Island, N.Y., [53], [54], [95], [98], [212]
• Longevity of signers, see [Age of signers]
• Lord North, British official, [82]
• Loudoun County, Va., [91]
• Louisbourg (fortress), Nova Scotia, [139]
• Lowell, James Russell, career of, [195–196]
• Lower Counties, Three, see [Delaware]
• Loyalists and Tories: activities of, in various colonies/States, [7], [22–23], [40], [46], [53–54], [66], [77], [95], [104], [105], [119], [121], [122], [134], [138], [211];
• criticized, [127];
• forgiven, [79];
• lands and property of, confiscated, [61], [67], [103], [138], [142], [175], [195];
• legally defended, [147];
• punishment of, recommended, [103], [143];
• ridiculed, [82]
• Ludowici tile, [177]
• Lutwyche’s Ferry, N.H., [140]
• Lynch, Mrs. Thomas, Jr., wife of signer, [99], [100]
• Lynch, Thomas, Sr., father of signer, [99], [100], [128]
• Lynch, Thomas, Jr. (signer), career of and sites associated with, [99–100], [127], [234–236]
• Lynchburg, Va., [89]
• Maclean House, N.J., see [President’s House]
• McClellan, Gen. George B., Union officer, [239–240]
• McIntosh, Gen. Lachlan, and signer Gwinnett, [63], [64]
• McKean, Mrs. Thomas, first wife of signer, [101]
• McKean, Mrs. Thomas, second wife of signer, [101]
• McKean, Thomas (signer), career of and sites associated with, [18], [24], [100–102], [119], [120], [121], [160], [222]
• Madison, James, President, [61], [85], [89], [267]
• Magistrates, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Mail service, [56], [57], [264]
• Maine (region and State), history of and historic site in, [139], [143], [177–178].
• See also [Massachusetts].
• Malvern Hill, Va., Battle of, [239]
• Manhattan, see [New York City and New York Harbor]
• Manor houses, [185–186], [230]
• “Manor of Chawton,” [230]
• Manufacturing, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Marblehead, Mass., [59], [196]
• Marine and maritime matters, see [Continental Navy];
• [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• [United States Navy];
• and foreign navies
• Marine Corps Museum, Pa., see [New Hall]
• Marital status of signers, compared, [29] (and see [Bachelor signers] and individual signers)
• Marshall, John, Supreme Court Justice and Secretary of State, [46], [154], [155], [221], [263]
• Maryland (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [9], [16], [18], [24], [43–46], [106], [113–114], [118], [124], [134], [135–136], [179–191]
• Maryland Historical Trust, [189]
• Mason, George, and Declaration of Independence, [20]
• Masonboro Sound, N.C., [77]
• Massachusetts (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [6], [7], [9], [10], [12], [16], [18], [24], [30], [33–39], [53–54], [55], [56], [59–62], [67–69], [77], [93], [115–116], [119], [129], [139], [140], [160], [177], [191–199], [203], [217].
• See also [Maine].
• Mastic, N.Y., [53], [54], [212]
• Mathematics, [47], [109]
• Matlack, Timothy, and Declaration of Independence, [262]
• Mattaponi River, [41]
• Maybury Hill (estate), N.J., [73], [206]
• Meadow Garden (cottage), Ga., [142], [175–176]
• Medical Inquiries and Observations Upon the Diseases of the Mind (book), [126]
• Medicine, medical practice, and medical societies, see [Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals]
• Memorials and monuments to signers, [161].
• See also specific signers.
• Menokin (estate), Va., [91], [242–243], [246]
• Menotomy, Mass., [60]
• Merchant marine and maritime affairs, [20], [28], [31], [42], [52], [59], [64], [68], [70], [71], [73], [74], [80], [82], [84], [91], [95], [98], [99], [100], [114], [119], [121], [123], [136], [142–143], [147], [177], [201–202], [251].
• See also [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing].
• Merchants and mercantile firms, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Merchants’ Exchange, Pa., [224], [226]
• Meredith family, [49]
• Merrick’s Brook, Conn., [164]
• Merrimack, N.H., [140], [203]
• Merrimack River, [140]
• Middle Colonies, [4], [16], [30], [134], [150]
• Middleton, Arthur (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [99], [103–104], [127], [128], [236–237]
• Middleton, Henrietta, sister of one signer and wife of another, [127]
• Middleton, Henry, father of one signer and father-in-law of another, [104], [127], [128], [234]
• Middleton, Mrs. Arthur, wife of signer, [103]
• Middleton, William, and Middleton Place, [236]
• Middleton family and descendants, [103], [237]
• Middleton Place (estate), S.C., [103], [104], [236–237]
• Middleton Place Gardens, S.C., [236–237]
• Middletown, Conn., [54], [211]
• Midway (town) and Midway District, Ga., [66]
• Midway Congregational Church, Ga., [64]
• Mikveh Israel Cemetery, Pa., [226]
• Military affairs, see [Continental Army];
• [Militia];
• specific nations and individuals;
• and other appropriate topics throughout this index
• Militia, of various colonies/States and counties: activities of, [9], [10], [12], [22], [38], [40], [42], [53], [54], [64], [69], [76], [111], [146];
• signers aid and serve in, [18], [27], [31], [40], [53], [54], [69], [75], [101], [103], [104], [105], [110–112], [114], [120–121], [122], [124], [127], [128], [132], [133], [138], [139], [140–141], [142–143], [145], [152–153]
• Mills, [72], [253]
• Ministers, diplomatic, see [Diplomats and diplomacy];
• religious, see [Christianity and religion]
• Mint, U.S., see [United States Mint]
• Mission of Santa Catalina, Ga., [177]
• Moderates, political, [8], [16], [42], [69], [98], [110], [119], [127], [128], [138], [147]
• Moffatt, Catherine, marries signer, [202]
• Moffatt, John, father-in-law of signer, [201–202]
• Moffatt, Samuel, merchant-shipowner, [201]
• Moffatt family, [201–202]
• Moffatt-Ladd House, N.H., [201–202]
• Mohawk River, [54]
• Monarchs and monarchy, see [Kings]
• Monetary theory and money, see [Currency and money]
• Monmouth County, N.J., [134]
• Monocacy River, [180]
• Monroe, James, President, [85], [154], [155], [173], [263]
• Monticello (“Little Mountain”) (estate), Va., [86], [88], [90], [243–245], [250]
• Montreal, Canada, [46]
• Monuments to signers, see [Memorials and monuments to signers]
• Moore, Thomas, Irish poet, [204]
• Morality, in Scotland, [149]
• Morris, Gouverneur, and Mrs. Robert Morris, [108]
• Morris, Lewis (signer), career of and sites associated with, [104–105], [160]
• Morris, Mrs. Lewis, wife of signer, [105]
• Morris, Mrs. Robert, wife of signer, [106]
• Morris, Robert (signer) (“Financier of the Revolution”), career of and sites associated with, [18], [27], [28], [29], [50], [106–108], [110], [129], [147], [160], [222], [224]
• Morris (Lewis) family, [105]
• “Morris’ Folly” (house), Pa., [107], [108]
• Morrisania (estate), N.Y., [105]
• Morrisville and Morrisville School District, Pa., [51], [229]
• Morton, John (signer), career of and sites associated with, [98], [109–110], [147], [160]
• Morton, Mrs. John, wife of signer, [109]
• Morton, Sketchley, son of signer, [109]
• Morven (estate), N.J., [134], [135], [207–208]
• Moultrie, Gen. William, Army officer, [76], [128]
• Mount Airy (estate), Va., [91], [242], [246–247]
• Mount Vernon (Va.) Conference (1785), [46], [136]
• Municipal affairs and municipalities, see [Cities, towns, and villages]
• Museums, [183], [187], [205], [218], [224], [234].
• See also specific historic house museums.
• Music and musicians, [81–83], [85], [204]
• “My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free” (song), [82]
• Nash, Francis, and Nash-Hooper House, [214]
• Nash-Hooper House, N.C., [214–216]
• Nassau Hall (Princeton University), [150], [151]
• National affairs, signers lack reputation in, [27], [39], [51], [71], [113], [116–117], [122], [137], [138], [139], [144], [154], [159];
• signers later take major part in, [29]
• National Archives and Records Service, [265]
• National Archives Building, D.C., [3], [262], [265–266]
• National Historic Landmarks, described individually, [164–165], [168–175], [181–183], [185–189], [191–193], [195–209], [212–216], [229], [247], [249–256];
• mapped, facing page [163];
• nature, eligibility, and designation of, [161–163], [226], [256], [270–271].
• See also [National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings].
• National origins of signers, compared, [27–28] (and see individual signers)
• National parks, National Park Service, and National Park System: and historic-archeological preservation, [159–162];
• sites considered for inclusion in, [161];
• sites in, described individually, [193–195], [210–212], [216–227], [247–249];
• sites in, in National Register, [162];
• sites in, mapped, facing page [163].
• See also [National Register of Historic Places];
• [National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings];
• [Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation].
• National Register of Historic Places, [162]
• National Register of Historic Places, 1972, [162]
• National significance of historic sites and buildings, see [National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings]
• National Society of Colonial Dames of America, [160]
• National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution, see [Daughters of the American Revolution]
• National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, purpose and procedures of, [161–162].
• See also [National Historic Landmarks]; [Other Sites Considered].
• Nativity of signers, see [National origins of signers]
• Navies, see [Continental Navy];
• [United States Navy];
• and specific nations
• Negroes, see [Slaves]
• Nelson, Mrs. Thomas, Jr., wife of signer, [111]
• Nelson, Thomas (“Scotch Tom”), Sr., grandfather of signer, [247–248]
• Nelson, Thomas, Jr. (signer), career of and sites associated with, [88], [110–112], [247–249]
• Nelson, William, father of signer, [247–248]
• Nelson family, [249]
• Nelson House (York Hall), Va., [112], [160], [247–249]
• Netherlands, see [Holland]
• New Bern, N.C., [78]
• New Castle and New Castle County, Del., [82], [101], [118], [119], [120], [122], [204]
• New England and New England architectural style, [20], [28], [30], [66], [68], [69], [74], [81], [115], [139], [144], [164], [191], [193], [202], [203].
• See also specific colonies/States.
• New England Courant (newspaper), [55]
• New France, [139], [152]
• New Hall (Marine Corps Museum), Pa., [224], [226]
• New Hampshire (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [9], [15], [16], [18], [24], [30], [39–41], [76], [128], [139–140], [142–143], [177], [199–204]
• New Hampshire Medical Society, [40]
• New Haven, Conn., [130], [131]
• New Jersey (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [16], [18], [24], [47–48], [56], [71–72], [81–83], [101], [121], [124], [133–135], [149–151], [204–210]
• New Jersey, College of, see [Princeton University]
• New London and New London Township, Pa., [101], [118], [132]
• New London County, Conn., [84]
• New Milford, Conn., [129]
• New York (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [6], [9], [14], [16], [18], [22], [23], [24], [44], [53–54], [94–98], [104–105], [110], [115], [119], [134–135], [143], [144], [148], [153], [160], [210–213].
• See also entries immediately following.
• New York Chamber of Commerce, [97]
• New York City and New York Harbor, N.Y., [22], [95–98], [135], [218], [263].
• See also [Bronx];
• [Brooklyn and Brooklyn Heights];
• [Staten Island].
• New York Hospital, [97]
• New York Society Library, N.Y., [97]
• Newark, N.J., [134]
• Newburyport, Mass., [140]
• Newington Plantation, Va., [41]
• Newport, R.I., [51], [52], [69], [80], [143]
• Newspapers, [20], [22], [37], [43], [55], [81], [124], [125], [127], [145]
• Newton, Mass., [129]
• Noke, William, architect, [182]
• Nonimportation agreements and measures, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• North, Lord, British official, [82]
• North America, Bank of, see [Bank of North America]
• North Bridge, Mass., [8]
• North Burial Ground, R.I., [81]
• North Carolina (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [15], [16], [18], [24], [30], [73–75], [77–79], [99], [116–118], [161], [206], [213–216].
• See also [Carolinas].
• North East (town), Md., [118]
• North Santee River, [99], [234]
• Northampton County, Pa., [137], [138]
• Northern United States, [28].
• See also specific colonies/States.
• Norwich, Conn., [83], [84], [164]
• Notes on the State of Virginia (book), [250]
• Nova Scotia, Canada, [139]
• Occupations of signers, see [Vocations of signers]
• Octagonal houses and rooms, [245], [249–251]
• Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation, National Park Service, programs and activities of, [162]
• Offices, political, various local, State, and National, held by signers, see individual signers
• Offley Hoo (estate), Va., [112], [247]
• Ohio (State), [153]
• Old Burial Ground, Conn., [84], [166]
• Old Custom House, Pa., [224]
• Old Granary Burying Ground, Mass., [39], [69], [116]
• “Old House,” Mass., see [Adams National Historic Site]
• Old House Plantation, S.C., [75], [76]
• Old St. Paul’s Cemetery, Pa., [110]
• Old Swedes’ Church, Pa., see [Gloria Dei] Church National Historic Site
• Olive Branch Petition, [14]
• Oliver, Andrew, British official, [195]
• Oliver-Gerry-Lowell House, Mass., see [Elmwood]
• Orators and orations, and signers, [45], [52], [71], [78], [85], [86], [90], [92], [122], [136], [150], [151]
• Ordnance, see [Arms, ammunition, and ordnance]
• Orphans, [49], [95], [120], [141]
• Other Sites Considered, described individually, [165–167], [175–181], [183–185], [189–191], [197–198], [209–210], [213–214], [220–228];
• nature of, [161–162]
• Otis, James, lawyer-radical leader, [77]
• Oxford, Md., [106]
• Paca, John, son of signer, [114]
• Paca, Mrs. William, first wife of signer, [113]
• Paca, Mrs. William, second wife of signer, [114]
• Paca, William (signer), career of and sites associated with, [16], [44], [46], [113–114], [136], [188–189]
• Paca family, [114]
• Paca House, Md., [113], [188–189]
• Paine, Mrs. Robert Treat, wife of signer, [115]
• Paine, Robert Treat (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [115–116], [160]
• Paine, Robert Treat, son of signer, [115]
• Paine, Robert Treat, great-grandson of signer, [115]
• Paine, Thomas, author-patriot, [12], [15], [107], [124], [204]
• Painters and painting, see [Art and artists]
• Paisley (town), Scotland, [149], [150]
• Palladian architectural style, [172], [182], [183], [234], [246], [247]
• Pamphlets, see [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts]
• Pamunkey River, [41], [240]
• Parchment copy of Declaration, see under [Declaration of Independence]
• Parents of signers, see specific signers
• Paris, France, [43], [88], [124].
• See also [Treaty of Paris]
• Parishes, political, see [Counties and parishes];
• religious, see [Christianity and religion]
• Parliament, British: and Colonies, see under [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Parsons, William, and Parsons-Taylor House, [226]
• Parsons-Taylor House, Pa., [226–227]
• Parties, political, see particular political parties and individuals
• Patent Office, D.C., [264]
• Patowmack (Potowmack) Company, [44]
• Patriotic-civic organizations, and historic sites, [160]
• Patriots and patriotic movement, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Peace negotiations and treaties, see [Diplomats and diplomacy];
• Indians and Indian affairs;
• and specific treaties
• “Peacefield,” Mass., see [Adams National Historic Site]
• Peach Tree Plantation, S.C., [99], [100]
• Peale, Charles Willson, artist, [218]
• Peggy Stewart (ship), [189–190]
• Peggy Stewart House (Rutland-Peggy Stewart House; Rutland-Stewart-Stone House), Md., [189–191]
• Pemberton House (Army-Navy Museum), Pa., [224], [226]
• Penal matters, see [Prisons, prisoners, and prisoners-of-war]
• Pendleton, Edmund, lawyer-patriot, [88], [111], [117], [155]
• Peninsular Campaign (Civil War), [239–240]
• Penn, John (signer), career of and sites associated with, [116–118], [160], [161]
• Penn, Mrs. John, wife of signer, [117]
• Penn, William, and Charter of Privileges, [221]
• Penn (John) family, [118]
• Penn (William) family, [56]
• Pennsylvania (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [8–9], [14], [15], [16], [18], [24], [27], [30], [44], [49–51], [55–58], [82], [93], [100–102], [106–110], [118], [122–126], [132–133], [137–138], [143], [145–148], [153], [159–160], [216–231].
• See also [Delaware].
• Pennsylvania Gazette (The) (newspaper), [55]
• Pennsylvania Hospital, [125], [126]
• Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, [58], [126]
• Pennsylvania State House, see [Independence Hall]
• Persimmon Point, Ga., [177]
• Perth Amboy, N.J., [134]
• Philadelphia, Pa., [3], [8], [9], [14–24] passim, [38], [42], [44], [46], [47], [49–50], [51], [52], [55–56], [57], [58], [64], [73], [82], [83], [95], [100–133] passim, [138], [146–148], [159–160], [172], [199], [204], [209], [210], [216–226], [228], [230], [263–264].
• See also entries immediately following.
• Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, [51]
• Philadelphia Agricultural Society, [51]
• Philadelphia architectural style, [228]
• Philadelphia Bank, [51]
• Philadelphia Bible Society, [126]
• Philadelphia College of Physicians, [126]
• Philadelphia Dispensary, [126]
• Philadelphia (Merchants’) Exchange, [224], [226]
• Philadelphia Medical Society, [126]
• Philadelphia National Shrines Park Commission, [226]
• Philanthropists and philanthropy, [55], [56], [96], [97], [115]
• Philosophical Hall, Pa., see [American Philosophical Society Hall]
• Philosophical Society of Newport, R.I., [80]
• Physicians, see [Disease, sickness, and physical afflictions of signers];
• Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals
• Piscataqua River, [177]
• Plainfield Academy, Conn., [84]
• Planters and plantations, [4], [28], [31], [41], [42], [43], [62], [63–64], [65], [66], [70], [75–76], [86], [94], [99], [103], [104], [106], [110], [111], [113], [120], [129], [135], [177], [186], [194], [233], [236–237], [239–256] passim.
• See also [Slaves];
• and specific plantations.
• Poets and poetry, see [Literature and literary figures]
• Politics, politicians, political parties, and political theory, see particular political parties, colonies/States, signers, other individuals, and appropriate topics throughout this index
• Poll taxes, see under [Taxes and taxation]
• Poor Richard’s Almanac, [55–56]
• Poplar Forest (retreat), Va., [89], [249–251]
• Port Royal Island, S.C., [76], [128]
• Port Tobacco (town), Md., [136], [186]
• Portland, Mass., [115]
• Portraits of signers: collection of, discussed, [218];
• collective, reproduced, [ii];
• individual, reproduced, see specific signers
• Portsmouth and Portsmouth Harbor, N.H., [143], [177], [202]
• Post offices and postal officials, see [Mail service]
• Potomac, Army of the (Civil War), [239]
• Potomac River and Potomac River Valley, [44], [92], [251], [263]
• Potowmack Company, see [Patowmack Company]
• Poughkeepsie, N.Y., [98], [105]
• Powell, Thomas, newspaper publisher, [127]
• Poynton Manor, Md., [135]
• Prehistory and prehistoric sites, [177]
• Presbyterian Cemetery, N.J., [48]
• Presbyterian Cemetery, N.Y., [54]
• Presbyterian Church, N.C., [216]
• Presbyterians and Presbyterian Church, [48], [54], [56], [149–151], [216].
• See also [Calvinists and Calvinism];
• [Christianity and religion].
• Presidential electors, see under [United States Presidents and Presidency]
• Presidents, of Continental Congress, see under [Continental Congress];
• U.S., see [United States Presidents and Presidency]
• “President’s House,” D.C., see [White House]
• President’s House (Dean’s House; Maclean House) (Princeton University), N.J., [150], [151], [208–209]
• President’s Lot, Princeton (N.J.) Cemetery, [151]
• “President’s Palace,” D.C., see [White House]
• Press, see [Newspapers]
• Primogeniture, [120], [135]
• Prince George County, Va., [154]
• Prince George’s Parish, S.C., [99]
• Princess Anne (town), Md., [45]
• Princeton Alumni Council, [208]
• Princeton and Battle of Princeton, N.J., [23–24], [72], [73], [134], [135], [207], [263].
• See also [Princeton University].
• Princeton Cemetery, N.J., [151]
• Princeton University (College of New Jersey), [84], [124], [134], [149], [150–151], [208–209]
• Printing and publishing industry, [55].
• See also [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts];
• [Newspapers].
• Printing of Declaration, see under [Declaration of Independence]
• Prisons, prisoners, and prisoners-of-war, [31], [48], [50], [75], [76], [94], [103], [107], [108], [126], [128], [132], [134–135], [140–141]
• Private individuals, groups, and agencies: and historic preservation, [160]
• Private schools, see [Education]
• Privateers and privateering, [60], [97]
• Professions of signers, see [Vocations of signers]
• Profiteering among signers, [31], [46], [59], [60], [106–107]
• “Progressive” party, in Va., [88]
• Prophecy (The) (essay), [82]
• Proprietary colonies, see under [Colonies]
• Prospect Hill Cemetery, Pa., [98]
• Protestant Episcopal Church, [183].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• Protestants and Protestant Church, [28], [183].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• Protests, colonial, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Providence and Providence County, R.I., [79–81]
• Providence Gazette and Country Journal (newspaper), [81]
• Psychiatry, see [Insane and insanity]
• Public libraries, see [Libraries]
• Public schools, see [Education]
• Public service, role of signers in, [29], [31] (and see specific signers)
• Public speaking, see [Orators and orations]
• Publishers and publishing, see [Printing and publishing industry]
• Puritans, [65–66]
• Putnam, Herbert, and Declaration of Independence, [264]
• Quakers, [56], [73]. See also [Christianity and religion].
• Queen Annes County, Md., [113], [188]
• Quincy (Braintree), Mass., [33], [34–35], [68], [192], [193]
• Quincy (Mass.) Historical Society, [192], [193]
• Radicals and radicalism, [16], [18], [34], [37–38], [45], [49], [71], [77], [78], [80], [88], [98], [103], [119], [130], [141], [147], [155]
• Rahway, N.J., [48]
• Raleigh’s Tavern, Va., [93]
• Randolph, Peyton, legislator, [42]
• Randolph, Thomas, relative of signer, [254]
• Randolph, Thomas Mann, relative of signer, [86], [254]
• Randolph, William, relative of signer, [86], [254]
• Randolph, William II, relative of signer, [254]
• Randolph family, [86], [255]
• Rappahannock Valley, [246]
• Read, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [27], [29], [101], [118–119], [120], [121], [135], [160]
• Read, Mrs. George, wife of signer, [118]
• Reading, Pa., [146]
• Redemptionist Fathers, [179], [180]
• Reform and reformers, see [Humanitarians and reformers]
• Regulators, of North Carolina, [78]
• Relatives of signers, see individual signers
• Religion, see [Christianity and religion]
• Representation, political, and representative government, see specific governmental bodies, colonies/States, and appropriate topics throughout this index
• Republicans and republicanism, [61], [79], [128], [145], [147]
• Residences of signers, condition and status of, [31] (and see particular residences)
• Retirement of signers, see individual signers
• Revere, Paul, patriot and artist, [5], [10], [68], [199]
• Revolution, Daughters of the, [160]
• Revolution, Daughters of the American, see [Daughters of the American Revolution]
• Revolution, Revolutionaries, and Revolutionary movement, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• [War for Independence];
• specific Revolutionaries;
• and appropriate topics throughout this index
• Revolution, Sons of the, [160]
• Revolution, Sons of the American, [160]
• Revolutionary War (U.S.), see [War for Independence]
• Rhode Island (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [15], [16], [18], [24], [30], [51–52], [79–81], [143], [231–232]
• Rhode Island College, [80]
• Rice planters, see [Planters and plantations]
• Richmond, Va., [42], [86], [88], [156], [255]
• Richmond Academy, Ga., [142]
• Richmond County, Va., [91]
• Ridley Township, Pa., [109]
• Rights: Bill of, U.S., see under [United States Constitution];
• declarations of, by colonies/States, [20];
• of Englishmen, and Colonies, [8–9];
• of man, and Declaration of Independence, [20];
• of States, [123]
• “Rights of the Colonies Examined” (The) (article-pamphlet), [81]
• Rising Sun (town), Md., [124], [134]
• “Rising Sun” chair, [219]
• Risks and sacrifices of signers, [22], [23–24], [31–32] (and see individual signers)
• Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation, Inc., [253]
• Rodney, Caesar (signer), career of and sites associated with, [18], [29], [101], [120–121], [160]
• Roman Catholic Church, [28], [43], [44], [179], [180], [238].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• Roman Doric and Roman Revival architectural style, [189], [219], [221], [234], [245], [247]
• Rome, N.Y., [54], [212]
• Roselle, N.J., [47], [48]
• Rosney Cemetery, Ga., [142]
• Ross, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [118], [122–123], [160], [224]
• Ross, John, stepbrother of signer, [122]
• Ross, Mrs. George, wife of signer, [122]
• Rough draft of Declaration, see under [Declaration of Independence]
• Royalists, see [Loyalists and Tories]
• Royalty, see [Kings]
• Rush, Benjamin (signer), career of and sites associated with, [27], [31], [123–126], [134], [160], [222], [224], [228]
• Rutland, Thomas, and Peggy Stewart House, [189]
• Rutland-Peggy Stewart House, Md., see [Peggy Stewart House]
• Rutland-Stewart-Stone House, Md., see [Peggy Stewart House]
• Rutledge, Edward (signer), career of and sites associated with, [18], [28], [31], [99], [104], [127–129], [135], [237–238]
• Rutledge, John, brother of signer, [127], [128]
• Rutledge, Mrs. Edward, first wife of signer, [127]
• Rutledge, Mrs. Edward, second wife of signer, [129]
• Rutledge (Carter-May) House, S.C., [237–238]
• Sacrifices of signers, see [Risks and sacrifices of signers]
• Safety, committees/councils of, see [Committees of safety]
• St. Andrews (city), Scotland, [145]
• St. Andrew’s Society, [97]
• St. Ann’s Church, N.Y., [105]
• St. Augustine, Fla., [76], [104], [128], [233]
• St. Catherines Island, Ga., [63], [64], [176–177]
• St. George’s Church, Pa., [224]
• St. Helena’s Parish, S.C., [75]
• St. James Parish, S.C., [99]
• St. John’s Episcopal Church, Va., [156]
• St. John’s Parish, Ga., [64], [65–66], [67], [141]
• St. Joseph’s Church, Pa., [224–226]
• St. Luke’s Parish, S.C., [75]
• St. Mary’s Catholic Church, Md., [179–180]
• St. Mary’s Church, Pa., [226]
• St. Paul’s Cemetery, Md., [46]
• St. Paul’s Cemetery, Old, Pa., [110]
• St. Philip’s Episcopal Church, S.C., [129]
• Salem, Mass., [68]
• Salem, N.J., [82]
• Saltbox architectural style, [164], [191], [193], [203]
• Santa Catalina Mission, Ga., [177]
• Santee River, North, [99], [234]
• Santee River, South, [99]
• Saratoga (Schuylerville) and Battle of Saratoga, N.Y., [40], [143], [153]
• Savannah, Ga., [63], [64], [66], [67], [76], [140–142], [175], [176], [233]
• Savannah River, [67]
• Sawmills, [72]
• Schools, see [Education]
• Schuylerville, N.Y., see [Saratoga and Battle of Saratoga]
• Schuylkill River, [108]
• Science and scientists, [55], [56], [80], [85], [89], [116], [130]
• Scituate (city) and Scituate Township, R.I., [80]
• Scots, Scotland, and Scotch-Irish, [74], [77], [96], [101], [122], [124], [134], [139], [145], [146], [149–150], [208].
• See also [Great Britain].
• Scotland (city), Conn., [83]
• Seamen, see [Continental Navy];
• [Merchant marine and maritime affairs];
• [United States Navy];
• and various nations
• Second Bank of the United States, see [Bank of the United States]
• Second Bank of the United States Building, Pa., [218], [226]
• Second Continental Congress, see [Continental Congress]
• Second Treaty of Fort Stanwix (N.Y.), [153]
• Secondary education, see [Education]
• Secretaries, of Continental Congress, see under [Continental Congress];
• of U.S. Government Departments, see following [United States];
• of various other bodies, signers as, see individual signers
• Senate, U.S., see [United States Senate]
• Servants, [31], [137], [186], [194], [195], [203].
• See also [Slaves].
• Seven Buildings, D.C., [263]
• Shadwell (plantation), Va., [86], [244], [254]
• Shell Bluff Plantation, Ga., [67]
• Shenandoah River Valley, [44]
• Sherman, Roger (signer), career of and sites associated with, [16], [18], [20], [29], [106], [129–131], [160]
• Ship carpenters, [201]
• Shippen, Dr. William, Sr., and Philadelphia, [228]
• Shippen, Dr. William, Jr., brother-in-law of signers, [125], [228]
• Shippen-Wistar House, Pa., [228]
• Shippensburg, Pa., [132]
• Ships, shippers, and shipping, see [Continental Navy];
• Merchant marine and maritime affairs;
• United States Navy;
• and various nations
• Sickness of signers, see [Disease, sickness, and physical afflictions of signers]
• Signers of the Constitution (U.S.), see [United States Constitution]
• Signers of the Declaration: age of, at time of signing and death, compared, see [Age of signers];
• biographical analysis and comparison of, collective, [27–32];
• biographical sketches of, individual, [33–156];
• books on, [268–269];
• early (formal signing), [23], [67], [217], [262];
• furniture and items associated with, collectively, [219], [221];
• honored and commemorated, [ii], [159–160], [224];
• interest in, increases, [160];
• largest number of, from one State, [30];
• late, [23], [24], [60], [93], [100], [139], [140], [153], [155], [217], [262];
• nationally famous, [34];
• one of, prominent in affairs of two States, see [McKean, Thomas];
• one of, votes against independence, [27], [118], [121];
• painted, [ii], [218], and see individual portraits, [33–156] passim;
• prominent patriots who were not, [27], [28], [29];
• reflect regional and colonial attitudes, [30];
• remarks of, on signing, [52], [58], [79];
• replace opponents of independence, [27], [47], [72];
• residences and sites associated with, collective, status of, [31], [159–163], [216] (and see particular residences and sites);
• subsequent careers of, [29], [31] (and see individual signers);
• traditions regarding, [24], [52], [58];
• tragic life among, [99];
• way of life of, [28–29], [159];
• who also signed Articles of Confederation, [29], [36], [39], [59], [76], [90], [93–94], [100], [106], [117], [129], [149];
• who also signed Articles of Confederation and Constitution (U.S.), [29], [106], [129];
• who also signed Constitution (U.S.), [29], [49], [50], [55], [58], [106], [129];
• who did not vote for or take a stand on independence, [27], [106], [118–119];
• who were non-natives of States they signed for, [30], [39], [55], [62], [65], [72], [73], [77], [82], [95], [101], [106], [116], [118], [122], [129], [132], [137], [139], [140], [143], [145], [149].
• See also [Declaration of Independence];
• specific signers;
• and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• Signers’ Monument, Ga., [67], [142], [161]
• Six Indian Nations, see [Iroquois Indians]
• Skelton, Martha Wayles, marries signer, [86], [244], [249]
• Sketchley, John, stepfather of signer, [109]
• Slaves, and Congress, [58];
• and Declaration of Independence, [20];
• and Ga. economy, [66];
• and New England shippers, [28];
• British capture, [76];
• burn estate, [236];
• emancipated, [156];
• in N.Y., [53];
• institution of, opposed and condemned, [20], [28], [58], [80], [92], [123], [126], [156];
• labor in gardens, [236];
• laws on, [80];
• quarters for, [177], [184], [234], [255];
• signers own and trade, [28], [53], [63], [90], [110].
• See also [Servants].
• Smith, Abigail, see [Adams, Mrs. John]
• Smith, James (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [132–133], [160–161]
• Smith, Rev. Samuel S., son-in-law of signer, [151], [208]
• Smith, Robert, carpenter, [209]
• Smugglers and smuggling, [34], [68]
• Social status of signers, see [Aristocrats and aristocracy];
• and individual signers
• Society of Colonial Dames in the State of Rhode Island, [232]
• Songs, see [Music and musicians]
• Sons of Liberty, [37], [45], [95], [97]
• Sons of signers, careers of, [30] (and see particular signers)
• Sons of the American Revolution, [160]
• Sons of the Revolution, [160]
• Sourland Mountains, [72]
• South Carolina (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [16], [18], [24], [64], [66], [75–76], [99–100], [103–104], [117], [127–129], [135], [233–238].
• See also [Carolinas].
• South Santee River, [99]
• South Windsor, Conn., [152]
• Southern United States, [28], [30], [70], [74–75], [140–141], [233].
• See also [Planters and plantations];
• and specific colonies/States.
• Spain and Spaniards, [59], [115], [177], [196]
• Speaking, public, see [Orators and orations]
• Speculators and speculation, [4], [108], [143], [147], [148], [213]
• Spoils system, [102]
• Spotsylvania County, Va., [154]
• Staffordshire, England, [62]
• Stamp Act, Stamp Tax, Stamp Act Congress, and Stamp Act agitation, [34], [37], [45], [56–57], [68], [70], [91], [93], [95], [97], [101], [106], [110], [119], [120], [134], [146], [155], [195]
• Stark, Gen. John, Army officer, [40]
• State Department, see [United States Department of State]
• State House for the Province of Pennsylvania, see [Independence Hall]
• Staten Island, N.Y., [98], [128]. See also [New York City and New York Harbor].
• States (U.S.), and historic preservation, [160];
• and National Register of Historic Places, [162];
• economic and financial problems of, [107–108];
• governmental bodies and other agencies of, see individual colonies/States;
• honor and maintain homes of signers, [160], [161];
• land disputes among, [119], [133], [143], [153];
• large and small, and U.S. Constitution, [131];
• militia of, see [Militia];
• receive taxes, [117];
• rights of, see [States’ rights];
• role of, in Revolution, see particular States and appropriate topics;
• seals of, [155];
• signer prominent in affairs of two, see [McKean, Thomas];
• signers non-natives of those they signed for, [30], [39], [55], [62], [65], [72–73], [77], [82], [95], [101], [106], [116], [118], [122], [129], [132], [137], [139], [140], [143], [145], [149];
• signers’ role in affairs of, see specific States and signers.
• See also [Continental Congress];
• and individual States.
• States’ rights, [123]
• Statues of signers, [161]
• Stewart, Anthony, merchant, [189]
• Stewart (Peggy) House, Md., see [Peggy Stewart House]
• Stockton, Julia, wife of one signer and daughter of another, [124]
• Stockton, Mrs. Richard, wife of signer, [134]
• Stockton, Richard, grandfather of signer, [207]
• Stockton, Richard (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [33], [124], [133–135], [207–208]
• Stockton family, [134], [208]
• Stone, Mrs. Thomas, wife of signer, [136]
• Stone, Thomas (signer), career of and sites associated with, [135–136], [186–188], [189–191]
• Stonington, Conn., [72]
• Stony Brook Quaker Meeting House Cemetery, N.J., [135]
• Stores, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Stoughton, Mass., [129]
• Stovall (town), N.C., [117]
• Stratford Hall (estate), Va., [91–92], [251–253]
• Strickland, William, architect, [218]
• Students, see [Education]
• Suffolk County, N.Y., [53], [54]
• Suffolk Resolves, [38]
• Sugar Act, [37]
• Sugar planters, see [Planters and plantations]
• Summary View of the Rights of British America (A) (tract), [86], [87]
• Summerseat (estate), Pa., [51], [229]
• Sunbury, Ga., [63], [64], [66]
• Superior Courts, State, see individual States
• Supreme courts, of colonies and States, see specific colonies/States;
• of United States, see [United States Judiciary]
• Surgeons, see [Doctors, medical education, medical practice, and hospitals]
• Surveyors and surveying, [47], [80], [86], [109], [130], [132]
• Susquehanna River, [132]
• Sussex County, Del., [101], [121]
• Swedes and Sweden, [109]
• Tabby construction material, [177], [235]
• Tabby Cottage, Ga., [63], [176–177]
• Taliaferro, Richard, father-in-law of signer, [255]
• “Taps” (bugle call), [240]
• Tariffs, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Taunton, Mass., [115]
• Taverns, [222]
• Taxes and taxation, and British-colonial conflict, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• and signers, [37], [56], [131];
• excise, on alcoholic beverages, [51];
• in Boston, [36];
• on stamps, see [Stamp Act, Stamp Tax, Stamp Act Congress, and Stamp Act agitation];
• on sugar, see [Sugar Act];
• on tea, see [Tea and Tea Act];
• poll, [113], [114], [136];
• States receive, [117].
• See also [Customs laws, collection, and officials].
• Tayloe, Col. John, father-in-law of signer, [91], [242], [246]
• Tayloe, Mrs. John, mother-in-law of signer, [91]
• Tayloe, Rebecca, marries signer, [91], [242], [246]
• Tayloe family and descendants, [91], [247]
• Taylor, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [31], [137–138], [226–227], [230–231]
• Taylor, Mrs. George, wife of signer, [137], [242]
• Taylor (George) Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, [227]
• Taylor House, Pa., [137–138], [230–231]
• Tea and Tea Act, [7], [38], [49], [53–54], [189–190]
• Teachers and teaching, see [Education]
• Temperance, [123], [126]
• “Temple of Minerva” (opera), [82]
• “The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man or Tarring and Feathering” (cartoon), reproduced, [6]
• “The Declaration of Independence” (painting), reproduced, [ii]
• The Hills (estate), Pa., [108]
• “The Homestead,” Pa., see [Byberry]
• The Pennsylvania Gazette (newspaper), [55]
• The Prophecy (essay), [82]
• “The Rights of the Colonies Examined” (article-pamphlet), [81]
• “The Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America,” see [Declaration of Independence]
• Theology, see [Christianity and religion]
• Thirteen Colonies, see [Colonies]
• Thomas Jefferson Memorial, D.C., [161]
• Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, [245]
• Thomson, Charles, and Declaration of Independence, [22], [69], [262]
• Thornton, Matthew (signer), career of and sites associated with, [24], [28], [31], [139–140], [203–204]
• Thornton House, N.H., [203–204]
• Thornton’s Ferry and Thornton’s Ferry Cemetery, N.H., [140]
• Three Lower Counties, see [Delaware]
• Tobacco planters, see [Planters and plantations]
• Todd House, Pa., [224], [226]
• Tombs and tombstones, see [Cemeteries and burial places]
• Tories, see [Loyalists and Tories]
• Townhouses, [43], [50], [76], [96], [97], [107], [108], [120], [179], [185], [188], [228], [233]
• Towns, see [Cities, towns, and villages]
• Townshend Acts (1767), [37], [93], [120]
• Tracts, see [Books, pamphlets, essays, and tracts]
• Trade and traders, see [Commerce, trade, and manufacturing]
• Traditions regarding signing of Declaration, [24], [52], [58]
• Treasury, British, see under [Great Britain];
• U.S., see [United States Treasury Department]
• Treasury Building (old), D.C., [263]
• Treaties, see [Diplomats and diplomacy];
• [Indians and Indian affairs];
• and specific nations and treaties
• Treaty of Fort Stanwix, Second, [153]
• Treaty of Paris (1783), [24], [35], [58], [207], [267]
• Trenton and Battle of Trenton, N.J., [23–24], [51], [72], [263]
• Trials, see [Legal practice, legal education, and jurisprudence]
• Trinity Church, N.Y., [96]
• Trumbull, John, artist, painting by, reproduced, [ii]
• Trumbull, Jonathan, father-in-law of signer, [144–145]
• Trumbull Cemetery, Conn., [145]
• Tryon, William, British official, [77], [153]
• Tuckahoe (estate), Va., [86], [253–255]
• Tuscan architectural features, [196], [250]
• Tuscarora Creek, Md., [180]
• Tusculum (home), N.J., [151], [208], [209–210]
• Tutors and tutorial system, see [Education]
• U-shaped buildings, [240], [242]
• “Unanimous Declaration of the Thirteen United States of America” (The), see [Declaration of Independence]
• Union Army, see [Civil War]
• Union Cemetery, N.H., [143]
• Unitarians and Unitarianism, [52], [116].
• See also [Christianity and religion].
• United First Parish Church, Mass., [35]
• United Kingdom, see [Great Britain]
• United States, and Declaration of Independence, [3], [32];
• architectural and historical heritage of, [32], [159–160], [216–217], [218], [245];
• early antislavery law in, [80];
• early chapel in, [186];
• early chemistry education in, [124];
• early legal education in, [155–156];
• early libraries in, [222];
• early medical practice and hospitals in, [123–126];
• early music in, [82];
• famous families in, [33], [91], [193];
• famous writer in, [83];
• first banks in, [108];
• founding and early growth of, [3], [216–217];
• major literary and political figures of, [194];
• oldest learned society in, [221].
• See also various colonies/States, regions, entries immediately following, and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• United States, Bank of the, see [Bank of the United States]
• United States Bicentennial, [222]
• United States Bill of Rights, see under [United States Constitution]
• United States Capitals, [50], [124], [217], [263], [264]
• United States Capitol, D.C., [ii], [161], [171], [173]
• United States Centennial Exposition, [264]
• United States circuit courts and judges, see [United States Judiciary]
• United States Congress, [29], [30], [33], [40], [44], [46], [48], [50–51], [53], [54], [58], [61], [81], [106], [118], [160], [194], [218], [221].
• See also [Continental Congress];
• [United States Government];
• [United States House of Representatives];
• [United States Senate];
• and specific Congressmen.
• United States Constitution, and Connecticut (Great) Compromise, [118], [131];
• and Pa. constitution, [148];
• and signers of Declaration, [29], [39], [40], [44], [46], [50], [55], [58], [92], [106], [129], [144], [145–148];
• Bill of Rights of, [48], [61], [71], [92], [94];
• Bill of Rights of, displayed, [266], [267];
• Bill of Rights of, displayed, photo of, [266];
• debated, drafted, adopted, and signed, [50], [106], [129], [145–148], [218–221];
• displayed, [264–265], [267];
• displayed, photo of, [266];
• favored and advocated, [40], [51], [61], [69], [125];
• history and protection of document, [264–267];
• Madison presents to Washington, mural of, [267];
• opposed, [39], [46], [48], [61], [69], [71], [79], [84], [92], [94], [102], [105], [114], [119], [125], [131], [144], [148], [151], [153], [156];
• room adopted and signed in, [218–221];
• signers of, who also signed Declaration, [29], [49], [50], [55], [58], [106], [129];
• significance of, [217];
• takes effect, [263].
• See also [United States Constitutional Convention].
• United States Constitutional Convention, and signers of Declaration, [39], [44], [48], [61], [94], [108], [118], [119], [131], [136], [142], [145–148];
• compromise at, [118], [131];
• leader in, [228];
• membership, deliberations, and actions of, [29], [49], [50], [55], [58], [61], [131], [145–148], [154], [156], [217], [218], [222], [267];
• room held in, [218–221].
• See also [United States Constitution].
• United States courts, see [United States Judiciary]
• United States Declaration of Independence, see [Declaration of Independence]
• United States Department of State, [33], [85], [88], [194], [228], [263–264]
• United States Department of the Interior, and historic preservation, [161].
• See also [National parks, National Park Service, and National Park System].
• United States Department of War, [263], [264]
• United States General Services Administration, [265]
• United States Government, and Declaration, [264];
• and historic sites and buildings, [195], [212], [226];
• buildings of, [173];
• capitals of, see [United States Capitals];
• first official document of, see [Declaration of Independence];
• formation of, exhibit on, [267];
• Jefferson sells library to, [90];
• permanent records of, [265], [267];
• role of signers in, [29], [60] (and see specific signers).
• See also [Colonies];
• [Continental Congress];
• entries immediately preceding and following;
• and appropriate topics throughout this index.
• United States House of Representatives, [48], [50–51], [54], [131], [195].
• See also [United States Congress].
• United States Judiciary, [29], [45], [46], [114], [145], [148], [213], [218], [219], [221]
• United States Mint, [125]
• United States Navy, [264].
• See also [Continental Navy].
• United States Presidents and Presidency, and John and John Quincy Adams, [29], [30], [33], [35], [193], [194], [195], [218], [222];
• and Mrs. John Adams, [34];
• and signers, [29], [30], [85], [89], [239];
• dignity of, [171];
• electors for, [54], [84], [128], [142];
• inaugurations and inaugural addresses of, [239], [267];
• official residence of, see [White House];
• unofficial residence of, [222].
• See also specific Presidents.
• United States Secretary of State, see [United States Department of State]
• United States Secretary of the Interior, see [United States Department of the Interior]
• United States Secretary of the Treasury, see [United States Treasury Department]
• United States Senate, [40], [44], [62], [92], [94], [106], [108], [118], [119], [131], [142].
• See also [United States Congress].
• United States Supreme Court, see [United States Judiciary]
• United States Treasury Department, [106], [108], [152]
• United States Vice Presidents, [29], [33], [35], [59], [61], [85], [88], [193], [195], [196], [228]
• United States War Department, [263], [264]
• United States War for Independence, see [War for Independence]
• Universalist Church, N.H., [41]
• Universities, see [Colleges and universities]
• University of Edinburgh, Scotland, [124], [134], [145], [149]
• University of Georgia, [67], [142]
• University of Glasgow, Scotland, [145]
• University of New York, [105]
• University of Pennsylvania, [82], [113], [126], [228]
• University of Pennsylvania Medical School, [228]
• University of St. Andrews, Scotland, [145]
• University of the State of Pennsylvania, [126]
• University of Virginia, [89], [90], [243]
• Urbanization, and historic preservation, [159]
• Valley Forge, Pa., [29]
• Van Brugh, Catherine, and signer, [96]
• Van Doren, Carl, historian, quoted, [217]
• Vandalism, and historic sites, [50], [159]
• Vassall, Maj. Leonard, and Adams National Historic Site, [194]
• Vassall-Adams House, Mass., see [Adams National Historic Site]
• Vermont (colony and State), [153]
• Verse, see [Literature and literary figures]
• Vice Presidents, U.S., see [United States Vice Presidents]
• Villa architectural plan, [246]
• Villages, see [Cities, towns, and villages]
• Virginia (colony and State), history of and historic sites in, [7], [9], [15], [16], [18], [20], [24], [41–42], [70–71], [74], [75], [85–94], [110–112], [117], [135], [136], [141], [154–156], [160], [239–256], [263].
• See also entries immediately following.
• Virginia Association, [42], [93]
• Virginia House of Burgesses, [38], [41–42], [70], [86], [91], [92], [93], [111], [155]
• Virginia Resolves, [42]
• Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, [88], [90]
• Vocations of signers, compared, [31].
• See also individual signers.
• Wakefield Academy, England, [92]
• Wales and Welshmen, [53], [62], [118]
• Wallingford, Conn., [65], [130]
• Walton, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [50], [64], [65], [66], [138], [140–142], [161], [173–176]
• Walton, George, Jr., son of signer, [175]
• Walton, Mrs. George, wife of signer, [141]
• Walton descendants, [175]
• Walton-Harper House, Ga., see [College Hill]
• Wamassee Head, Ga., [177]
• War for Independence (U.S.), and Declaration of Independence, [3], [23–24], [217];
• and Loyalists, see [Loyalists and Tories];
• battles and campaigns, land and naval, and course of, [3–156] passim, [207–218] passim, [228], [233], [236], [239], [248], [263], [264];
• begins, [12], [38], [42];
• ends, see [Treaty of Paris];
• feared, [134];
• financed, see [Continental Congress, fiscal problems and policies of];
• generated, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash];
• heroes of, [75], [251];
• heroes of, painted, [218];
• impact of, on signers and their families, see [Risks and sacrifices of signers];
• Iroquois Indians neutral during, [153];
• peace negotiations during, [35], [58], [98], [128], [136];
• verge of, [9];
• won, [24].
• See also appropriate topics throughout this index.
• War of 1812, [172], [173], [263]
• War Office Building, D.C., [263]
• Ward, Samuel, politician, [80]
• Warren (town), R.I., [80]
• Wars, and historic sites, [159]. See also specific wars.
• Warwick Furnace, Pa., [137]
• Washington, President George, career of and sites associated with, [14], [23–24], [27], [29], [34], [35], [42], [46], [52], [60], [69], [75], [95], [98], [104], [107], [108], [114], [124], [125], [148], [171], [217], [218], [228], [233], [255], [264], [267]
• Washington, D.C., history of and historic sites in, [3], [62], [108], [161], [170–173], [218], [263–266] passim
• Washington College, Md., [114]
• Watkins, Thomas, and Meadow Garden, [175]
• Wealth and financial status of signers, compared, [27], [28–29], [30], [31], [43].
• See also [Debts and economic reversals of signers];
• and individual signers.
• Weapons, see [Arms, ammunition, and ordnance]
• Webster, Daniel, Secretary of State, [264]
• Welcome (village), Md., [135]
• Welles, Rev. Samuel, and Williams Birthplace, [166]
• Welles-Williams House, Conn., see [Williams Birthplace]
• Wells family, [204]
• West, Benjamin, artist, [82]
• West Indies, [100], [194], [202]
• West Nottingham Academy, Md., [124], [134]
• Westchester County, N.Y., [105]
• Western Reserve (in present Ohio), [153]
• Western United States, see [Frontier and frontiersmen]
• Westernville, N.Y., [54], [211], [212]
• Westminster School, England, [95]
• Westmoreland Association (1766), [93]
• Westmoreland County, Va., [91], [92]
• Westward expansion, see [Frontier and frontiersmen]
• Whedbee, Joseph, builder, [214]
• Whigs (patriots) and Whig Party, see [Independence movement and British-colonial clash]
• Whipple, Joseph, brother of signer, [143]
• Whipple, Mrs. William, wife of signer, [143], [202]
• Whipple, William (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [142–143], [177–178], [201–202]
• Whipple Birthplace, Maine, [177–178]
• White Hall Plantation, S.C., [76], [233]
• White (Bishop) House, Pa., [224], [226]
• White House (“President’s House”;
• “President’s Palace”), D.C., [34], [85], [170–173]
• White Plains, N.Y., [105]
• Whitestone, N.Y., [95]
• Widowers, signers as, [35], [41], [46], [54], [148]
• Widows of signers, see [Wives and widows of signers]
• Wilkins, John, builder, [214]
• William and Mary, College of, see [College of William and Mary]
• William and Mary architectural style, [252]
• Williams, Mrs. William, wife of signer, [144]
• Williams, Rev. Solomon, father of signer, [166], [168]
• Williams, William (signer), career of and sites associated with, [31], [144–145], [166–169]
• Williams Birthplace (Welles-Williams House), Conn., [166–167]
• Williams House, Conn., [168–169]
• Williamsburg, Williamsburg Historic District, and Colonial Williamsburg, Va., [15], [42], [86], [93], [111], [154–156], [255–256]
• Willing, Charles, shipper, [106]
• Willing, Thomas, shipper-legislator, [106], [110]
• Wills, [67], [120], [156]
• Wilmington, Del., [119]
• Wilmington, N.C., [77], [78], [214]
• Wilson, James (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [29], [110], [125], [145–148], [213–214], [222], [224]
• Wilson, Mrs. James, first wife of signer, [146]
• Wilson, Mrs. James, second wife of signer, [148]
• Windham, Windham County, and Windham district, Conn., [83], [144]
• Windsor, Conn., [152], [169]
• Winyaw, S.C., [99]
• Wiscasset, Maine, [139]
• Wistar, Dr. Caspar, and Philadelphia, [228]
• Witherspoon, James, son of signer, [151]
• Witherspoon, John (signer), career of and sites associated with, [28], [31], [124], [134], [149–151], [208–210], [228]
• Witherspoon, Mrs. John, first wife of signer, [124], [134], [149], [150]
• Witherspoon, Mrs. John, second wife of signer, [151]
• Wives and widows of signers, last to survive, [62] (and see particular signers and individuals)
• Wolcott, Oliver (signer), career of and sites associated with, [24], [31], [152–153], [169–170]
• Wolcott, Oliver, son of signer, [152], [153]
• Wolcott, Roger, father of signer, [152], [153]
• Wolcott descendants, [170]
• Wolcott House, Conn., [169–170]
• Wolverhampton, England, [62]
• Wooley, Edmund, carpenter, [217]
• Worcester, Mass., [33], [139], [203]
• World War II, [265]
• Writers and writing, see [Literature and literary figures]
• Wyandotte Indians, [153]
• Wye Hall, Wye Island, and Wye Plantation, Md., [113], [114], [188]
• Wyoming Valley land dispute, [133], [143]
• Wythe, George (signer), career of and sites associated with, [24], [86], [88], [154–156], [255–256]
• Wythe, Mrs. George, first wife of signer, [154]
• Wythe, Mrs. George, second wife of signer, [154–155], [255]
• Wythe, Thomas, brother of signer, [154]
• Wythe House, Va., [255–256]
• XYZ affair, [61]
• Yale College, Conn., [65], [84], [96], [105], [130], [152]
• Yeoman farmers, [86]
• York and York County, Pa., [98], [132], [133], [218], [263]
• York County, Va., [111]
• York Hall, Va., see [Nelson House]
• Yorkshire, England, [92]
• Yorktown and Battle (siege) of Yorktown, Va., [108], [111], [112], [218], [248], [255]

☆ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1974 O-477-940

Sketch of proposed reconstruction of the Graff House, where Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.

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