CONTENTS

VOLUME II
[PART IV. ISRAEL]
PAGE
[Introductory Essay. Israel as a World Influence.] By Bernhard Stade[1]
[A Critical Survey of the Scope and Sources of Israelitic History to the Destruction of Jerusalem][4]
[Hebrew History in Outline (1180 B.C.-70 A.D.)][30]
CHAPTER I
[Land and People][45]
The land, [46]. The people, [48].
CHAPTER II
[Origin and Early History (2300-1200 B.C.)][56]
The age of the patriarchs, [57]. Early movements of the Israelites, [57]. The Egyptian sojourn, [58]. Biblical account of Moses and the Exodus, [61]. Israel’s early neighbours, [63]. The conquest of Canaan, [66].
CHAPTER III
[The Judges (1200-1020 B.C.)][72]
CHAPTER IV
[Samuel and Saul (1020 B.C.-1002 B.C.)][77]
Samuel and Saul, [78]. The rise of David, [79]. David in revolt against Saul, [80]. The death of Saul and the struggle for the succession, [83]. David secures the crown, [85].
CHAPTER V
[David’s Reign (1002-970 B.C.)][86]
David’s greatness in time of peace, [89]. Further wars break out, [91]. David and Absalom, [93]. Renan’s estimate of David, [98].
CHAPTER VI
[Solomon in his Glory (970-930 B.C.)][99]
The early years of Solomon’s reign, [100].
CHAPTER VII
[Decay and Captivity (930-586 B.C.)][106]
The schism of the Ten Tribes, [106]. The Moabite stone, [109]. Destruction of the two kingdoms, [113]. The Babylonian Captivity, [118].
CHAPTER VIII
[The Return from Captivity (586-415 B.C.)][122]
The prophecy of the return, [122]. The condition of the exiles, [125]. The coming of Cyrus, [126]. The return to Jerusalem, [127]. The walls upraised again, [130].
CHAPTER IX
[From Nehemiah to Antiochus (415-166 B.C.)][133]
Under Persian rule, [133]. Persian influences on Jewish religion, [134]. Alexander the Great, [134]. Under the Seleucids, [135]. The Syrian dominion; Antiochus the Great, [138]. Antiochus Epiphanes, [139]. Jason and Antiochus torment the people, [140].
CHAPTER X
[The Maccabæan War (166-142 B.C.)][147]
Independence, [156].
CHAPTER XI
[From the Maccabees to the Romans (135-4 B.C.)][159]
The warring sects, [160]. Antipater, [163]. Herod, [164].
CHAPTER XII
[The Rise of Christianity (4 B.C.-62 A.D.)][168]
A critical view of Christ and other messiahs, [168]. The development of the messianic idea, [169].
CHAPTER XIII
[The Revolt against Rome (62-68 A.D.)][177]
The defence of Jotapata described by Josephus, [180].
CHAPTER XIV
[The Fall of Jerusalem (68-73 A.D.)][190]
Josephus’ account of the famine, [193]. The close of Jewish history, [199].
CHAPTER XV
[Hebrew Civilisation][203]
The life and customs of the Israelites, [205]. Hebrew art, architecture: the temple tombs, etc., [209].
CHAPTER XVI
[The Prophets and the History of Semitic Style.] By Dr. D. H. Müller[213]
[Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters][227]
[A General Bibliography of the History of Israel][229]
[PART V. PHŒNICIA]
[Introductory Essay. Individuality of Phœnician History, and Origin of the Name.] By Richard Pietschmann[243]
[Phœnician History in Outline (3800 B.C.-1516 A.D.)][246]
[Carthaginian History in Outline (813 B.C.-697 A.D.)][251]
CHAPTER I
[Land and People][255]
Origin of the Phœnicians, [259].
CHAPTER II
[Early History and Influences][263]
Beginnings of the history and civilisation of Phœnicia, [263]. The colonies, [270]. Voyages and trading-stations, [274].
CHAPTER III
[The Phœnician Time of Power (980-532 B.C.)][279]
The reign of Hiram I, [279]. The successors of Hiram, [283].
CHAPTER IV
[Phœnicia under the Persians (525-323 B.C.)][289]
CHAPTER V
[Phœnicia under the Greeks, the Romans, and the Saracens (301 B.C.-1516 A.D.)][301]
CHAPTER VI
[The Story of Carthage (813 B.C.-697 A.D.)][308]
The site and early history of Carthage, [310]. Mommsen’s account of Carthage, [312]. War in Sicily between Rome and Carthage, [319]. Rome and Carthage, [321]. Last days of Carthage, [325].
CHAPTER VII
[Phœnician Commerce][329]
Sea trade, [330]. Manufactures and land trade of the Phœnicians, [334]. Silver and gold in antiquity as money, [339]. The slave trade of Phœnicia, [342].
CHAPTER VIII
[Phœnician Civilisation][346]
The Phœnicians and the alphabet, [347]. Manners and customs; religion, [348]. Culture; art, [352]. The Phœnician influence on history, [353].
APPENDIX A
[Classical Traditions][356]
“The voyage of Hanno, beyond the pillars of Hercules, which he deposited in the temple of Saturn,” [356]. Himilco’s voyage of discovery, [358]. Pomponius Mela on the Phœnicians, [359]. Appianus Alexandrinus on the founding of Carthage by Dido, [360].
[Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters][361]
[A General Bibliography of Phœnician History][363]
[PART VI. WESTERN ASIA]
[Introductory Essay. The Position of Asia Minor in History.] By William J. Hamilton[373]
[History in Outline of the Minor Kingdoms of Western Asia (1528-546 B.C.)][380]
CHAPTER I
[The Hittites][391]
Recent Hittite research, [393]. The Hittites and the Egyptians, [394]. The Hittites and the Hebrews, [395]. Hittite art, [396]. Hittite monuments in Asia Minor, [397].
CHAPTER II
[Scythians and Cimmerians][400]
The Scythians, [400]. Scythian influences in Asia Minor, [400]. Scythian movements, [401]. Herodotus on the customs of the Scythians, [404]. The Cimmerians, [410].
CHAPTER III
[Some Peoples of Syria, Asia Minor, and Armenia][413]
The Aramæans, [413]. Phrygia, [413]. The Cappadocians, [415]. The Cilicians, [416]. Pamphylia and Pisidia, [416]. The Carians, [417]. The Lycians, [417]. The Mysians, [419]. The Bithynians and the Paphlagonians, [419]. Armenia, [420].
CHAPTER IV
[The Lydians][421]
The land, [422]. The people, [423]. Sardis and the name of Asia, [424]. Early history of Lydia, [426]. Ardys, [427]. Early dynasties, [429]. Gyges, [430]. The triumph of Persia, [431]. Lydian civilisation, [433]. A picture of life in Lydia, [434].
APPENDIX A
[Classical Traditions][438]
Justin’s account of the Scythians and the Amazons, [438]. Pomponius Mela on the Scythians and other tribes, [441]. Diodorus on the Amazons and the Hyperboreans, [444]. Herodotus on the legendary Gyges, [446]. The story of Crœsus as told by Herodotus, [448]. Crœsus and Solon, [449]. The vision of Crœsus, [451]. Crœsus loses his son, [453]. Crœsus consults the oracles, [454]. The reply of the oracles, [455]. Crœsus makes an alliance with Sparta, [456]. Crœsus invades Cappadocia, [457]. Crœsus in conflict with Cyrus, [458]. The siege of Sardis, [460]. The fate of Crœsus, [460].
[Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters][464]
[A General Bibliography of the History of the Minor Nations of Western Asia][465]
[PART VII. ANCIENT INDIA]
[Indian History in Outline (2000 B.C.-1556 A.D.)][475]
Græco-Bactrian dominion in the Indus region, [480].
CHAPTER I
[Land and People][482]
The land, [484]. The early peoples of India, [488].
CHAPTER II
[Indian History—Legend and Reality][493]
Chronology and ancient history of the Hindus, [493]. The authority of the Vedas, [496]. Monumental records, [496]. Legends of the early heroes, [498]. An inscription of Asoka, [499]. Traditional kings, [500]. Brahmanic learning, [501]. The epochs of Indian history, [502]. Vedic period, [503]. The Buddhist period, [503]. Chandra Gupta, [504]. Twelve centuries of obscurity, [505].
CHAPTER III
[Manners and Customs of the Ancient Hindus][508]
Division and employment of classes, [508]. The property of the Brahman, [510]. The despised Sudra, [511]. Mixture of classes, [513]. The administration of justice, [515]. Criminal law, [516]. Civil law, [517]. Hindu commerce, [519]. Precious metals, [520]. Coinage; precious stones; weaving, [520]. Intoxicants; spices; perfumery, [521]. Commercial routes, [523].
CHAPTER IV
[Brahmanism and Buddhism][525]
The origin and development of Brahmanism, [525]. The Vedas, [529]. Soul transmigration, [533]. Buddhism, [535]. Disappearance of Buddhism in India, [538]. New light on Buddhism, [542]. The actual piety of the Hindus and the Hindu separation of religion from fine morals, [545].
[Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters][549]
[A General Bibliography of Indian History][550]
[PART VIII. ANCIENT PERSIA]
[Persian History in Outline (700-330 B.C.)][559]
CHAPTER I
[Land and People][565]
Racial and dynastic origins, [567]. The land, [568]. The people, [569]. Character of the empire of the Achæmenides, [570].
CHAPTER II
[The Median or Scythian Empire (700-550 B.C.)][573]
The rise and fall of the Median Empire according to Herodotus, [573]. The Median Empire: a modern interpretation, [580]. New light on the Medes, [583].
CHAPTER III
[The Early Achæmenians and the Elamites, Cyrus and Cambyses (836-522 B.C.)][587]
The death of Cyrus, [593]. Character and influence of Cyrus, [596]. Xenophon’s estimate of Cyrus, [596]. A modern estimate of the character and importance of Cyrus, [597]. Cambyses, [600].
CHAPTER IV
[The Persian Dynasty: Darius I to Darius III (521-330 B.C.)][605]
Darius I, [605]. Organisation of Darius’ empire, [607]. Later conquests of Darius, [609]. Affairs in Egypt since the Persian conquest, [611]. Xerxes I, [614]. The successors of Xerxes, [615]. Darius II, [618]. Artaxerxes II, [619]. Artaxerxes III, [626]. The fall of the empire, [630]. The old Orient at the end of the Persian Empire, [631].
CHAPTER V
[Persian Civilisation][634]
Religion and social orders, [635]. Organisation of the Persian court, [641]. Administration of the provinces; financial system; satraps, [645]. Military methods, [652]. The fine arts, [657].
[Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters][662]
[A General Bibliography of Persian History][663]

PART IV

THE HISTORY OF ISRAEL

BASED CHIEFLY UPON THE FOLLOWING AUTHORITIES

ERNEST BABELON, THE HOLY BIBLE, T. K. CHEYNE, MAX DUNCKER,
G. H. A. EWALD, EDWARD GIBBON, F. HITZIG, J. JAHN,
FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, RUDOLF KITTEL, E. LEDRAIN,
MAX LÖHR, L. MÉNARD, H. H. MILMAN, D. H.
MÜLLER, SALOMON MUNK, F. W. NEWMAN,
E. RENAN, A. H. SAYCE, GEORGE
SMITH, BERNHARD STADE

TOGETHER WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY ON

ISRAEL AS A WORLD INFLUENCE

BY

BERNHARD STADE

A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE SCOPE AND SOURCES OF
ISRAELITIC HISTORY

BY

THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE

AND A STUDY OF

THE PROPHETS AND THE HISTORY OF SEMITIC STYLE

BY

DAVID HEINRICH MÜLLER

AND WITH ADDITIONAL CITATIONS FROM

THE APOCRYPHA, DAVID CASSEL, DION CASSIUS, J. G. EICHHORN, G. W. F.
HEGEL, JUSTIN, F. R. LAMENNAIS, GASTON C. C. MASPERO, FELIX
PERLES, T. G. PINCHES, POLYBIUS, EDUARD REUSS, CLEMENS
ROMANUS, ASARJA DE ROSSI, BARUCH SPINOZA,
STRABO, SUETONIUS, CORNELIUS TACITUS,
COMTE DE VOLNEY, GEORG WEBER,
R. T. M. WEHOFER,
J. ZENNER

Copyright, 1904,
By HENRY SMITH WILLIAMS.

All rights reserved.