| VOLUME VII |
| PAGE |
| [BOOK I. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE EAST] |
| [Introductory Essay. A Survey of the History of the Middle Ages.] By James T. Shotwell, Ph.D. | [xiii] |
| [History in Outline of the Later Roman Empire in the East] | [1] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [The Reign of Arcadius (395-408 A.D.)] | [25] |
| A comparison of the two empires, [25]. Greatness of Constantinople, [28]. The East and the West, [30]. Alaric’s revolt, [30]. Eutropius the Eunuch, [33]. Tribigild the Ostrogoth; the fall of Eutropius, [35]. St. John Chrysostom, [39]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Reign of Theodosius the Younger to the Elevation of Justinian (408-527 A.D.)] | [42] |
| The Huns, [45]. Ammianus Marcellinus describes the Huns, [47]. Attila, king of the Huns, [48]. The diplomacy of Attila, [54]. Attempt to assassinate Attila, [58]. Successors of Theodosius, [60]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [Justinian and Theodora (525-548 A.D.)] | [66] |
| The factions of the Circus, [69]. Avarice and profession of Justinian, [74]. The building of St. Sophia, [79]. Other buildings of Justinian, [81]. Fortifications, [82]. Suppression of the schools, [85]. Extinction of the Roman consulship, [87]. The Vandalic War, [87]. Belisarius, [89]. Belisarius enters Carthage, [92]. Triumph and meekness of Belisarius, [96]. Solomon’s wars with the Moors, [98]. Military tactics under Justinian, [100]. Decadence of the soldiery, [103]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [The Later Years of Justinian’s Reign (535-565 A.D.)] | [106] |
| Byzantium rids Rome of the Goths, [106]. Finlay’s estimate of Belisarius, [109]. The Goths renew the war, [110]. Belisarius in Rome, [111]. Gibbon’s estimate of Belisarius and his times, [113]. Barbaric inroads, [114]. Slavic incursions, [116]. Turks and Avars, [119]. Relations of the Roman Empire with Persia, [121]. The revolt in Africa, [124]. Invasion of the Cotrigur Huns, [127]. End of Belisarius, [129]. Death of Justinian, [130]. Justinian as a legislator, [131]. Bury’s estimate of Justinian, [136]. |
| CHAPTER V |
| [Reign of Justin II to Heraclius (565-629 A.D.)] | [137] |
| Reign of Tiberius, [140]. The Emperor Maurice, [142]. The Persian War, [143]. The Avars, [147]. State of the Roman armies, [150]. Rebellion against Maurice, [151]. Phocas emperor, [153]. Heraclius emperor, [155]. Heraclius plans to remove the capital to Carthage, [158]. The awakening of Heraclius, [159]. Triumph of Heraclius, [162]. The siege of Constantinople, [164]. Third expedition of Heraclius, [165]. Battle of Nineveh, [166]. The end of Chosroes, [167]. |
| CHAPTER VI |
| [Heraclius and his Successors (610-717 A.D.)] | [170] |
| The provinces under Heraclius, [173]. Barriers against the Northern barbarians, [176]. Religious activities of Heraclius, [177]. Wars with the Mohammedans, [179]. The reign of Constans II, [182]. Religious feuds, [183]. The growing danger from the Saracens, [184]. Reign of Constantine IV, [186]. Saracen wars and siege of Constantinople, [187]. Justinian II, [189]. The government of Leontius, [192]. Justinian recovers the throne, [193]. Anarchy, [194]. |
| CHAPTER VII |
| [Leo the Isaurian to Joannes Zimisces (717-969 A.D.)] | [197] |
| Leo (III) the Isaurian, [201]. The siege of Constantinople, [202]. Revolt against Leo, [205]. The Iconoclasts, [207]. Iconoclasm after Leo, [209]. The reign of Constantine (V) Copronymus, [210]. Government of Copronymus; the Saracen wars, [211]. Wars with Bulgaria, [212]. Council of 754, [214]. Leo IV and Constantine VI, [215]. The empress Irene, [216]. Irene and iconoclasm, [217]. End of Byzantine authority at Rome, [219]. Nicephorus and Michael I, [220]. Leo the Armenian, [221]. The Amorian dynasty (820-867 A.D.): Michael II, [222]. Theophilus, [222]. Theodora and Michael the Drunkard, [223]. The Basilian or Macedonian dynasty (867-1057 A.D.): Basil, [225]. Leo (VI) the Philosopher, [228]. Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, [228]. Romanus Lecapenus, [229]. Romanus II, [230]. Nicephorus Phocas, [231]. The wars of Nicephorus, [231]. |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| [Glory and Decline of the Empire (969-1204 A.D.)] | [235] |
| The Russian war, [237]. War with the Saracens, [241]. The apex of glory, [242]. Basil II and his successors, [243]. Separation of Greek and Latin churches, [250]. The Comneni, [251]. Romanus in the field, [253]. Captivity of the emperor, [255]. The sons of Constantine XI and Nicephorus III, [257]. Anna Comnena’s history, [259]. Troubles of Alexius, [259]. The Norman invasion, [260]. Joannes (II) Comnenus (Calo-Joannes), [263]. Manuel I, [264]. The adventures of Andronicus, [266]. Alexius II, [269]. Andronicus I emperor, [270]. Gibbon’s review of the emperors, [271]. Isaac (II) Angelus, [273]. Intervention of the crusaders, [273]. The capture of Constantinople, [275]. Second capture, and sack of the city, [278]. |
| CHAPTER IX |
| [The Latin Empire (1204-1261 A.D.)] | [282] |
| The election of an emperor, [283]. Baldwin crowned, [284]. Division of the territory, [285]. The pope acknowledged, [286]. Fate of the royal fugitives, [287]. Baldwin quarrels with Boniface, [288]. Other conquests, [290]. The Bulgarian War, [291]. Defeat of the Latins, [292]. The fate of Baldwin, [295]. Henry of Hainault, [296]. Pierre de Courtenai and Robert of Namur, [298]. Jean de Brienne, [299]. Baldwin II, [300]. The crown of thorns, [300]. Progress of the Greeks, [301]. Constantinople recovered by the Greeks, [302]. |
| CHAPTER X |
| [The Restoration of the Greek Empire (1204-1391 A.D.)] | [304] |
| Theodore (I) Lascaris and Joannes Vatatzes, [304]. Theodore (II) Lascaris and Joannes (IV) Lascaris, [305]. Michael (VIII) Palæologus, [305]. Michael Palæologus crowned emperor, [307]. Return and rule of the Greek emperor, [308]. The provinces of the empire, [311]. Andronicus II, [317]. The Catalan Grand Company, [320]. The duchy of Athens, [322]. Walter de Brienne and Cephisus, [322]. Andronicus II to the restoration of the Palæologi, [323]. The crusade of the fourteenth century, [329]. The empire tributary to the Turks, [330]. |
| CHAPTER XI |
| [Manuel II to the Fall of Constantinople (1391-1453 A.D.)] | [331] |
| Manuel II, [331]. Reign of Joannes VII, [336]. Brief union of the Greek and Roman churches, [337]. Reign of Constantine XIII, [338]. War with Muhammed, [340]. Church dissensions, [341]. Preparations for defence, [342]. The siege begins, [344]. The final assault, [349]. The sack of Constantinople, [352]. End of the Comneni and Palæologi, [356]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [359] |
| [BOOK II. THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE IN THE WEST] |
| [Introduction] | [361] |
| CHAPTER I |
| [Odoacer to the Triumph of Narses (476-568 A.D.)] | [377] |
| The rise of Theodoric, [380]. The Goths move upon Italy, [383]. Theodoric the Great, [385]. Theodoric and the Church, [389]. The fate of Boethius and Symmachus, [391]. The troubles of Amalasuntha, [394]. Justinian intervenes, [396]. Witiges king of the Goths, [399]. Belisarius and the siege of Rome, [399]. Sufferings of the Romans, [402]. The pope deposed, [403]. A three months’ truce, [404]. Last efforts of the Goths, [405]. Jealousy of the Roman generals, [406]. A Frankish invasion, [407]. The test of Belisarius’ fidelity, [409]. The rise of Totila, [410]. Belisarius again in Italy, [412]. Second siege of Rome, [413]. Totila captures Rome, [415]. Belisarius remantles the deserted city, [416]. Totila again takes Rome, [417]. Narses returns to Italy, [418]. Battle of Taginæ and death of Totila, [419]. Progress of Narses, [420]. Interference of the Franks, [422]. Battle of Capua, or the Vulturnus, [423]. End of Gothic sway, [424]. |
| CHAPTER II |
| [Lombard Invasion to Liutprand’s Death (568-744 A.D.)] | [426] |
| Early history of the Lombards, [426]. Their wanderings from the Elbe to the Danube, [427]. The Lombards in the region of the Danube, [429]. Wars with the Gepids, [431]. Alboin annihilates the Gepid power, [433]. Alboin plans to invade Italy, [434]. The end of Narses, [435]. The Lombards enter Italy, [436]. The end of Alboin, [437]. Extent of Lombard sway, [440]. The reign and wooing of Authari, [442]. Lombard government and law, [443]. The decay of Rome, [444]. The Lombard kings, [445]. Decline of the Lombard kingdom, [446]. Reign of Liutprand, [447]. Liutprand and Martel, [448]. Liutprand and the Italian powers, [449]. Liutprand, the pope, and Constantinople, [450]. Peace with Rome, [454]. Hodgkin’s estimate of Liutprand, [455]. |
| CHAPTER III |
| [The Franks to the Time of Charles Martel (55 B.C.-732 A.D.)] | [457] |
| First conflicts with Rome, [460]. Franks in the Roman army, [462]. Early kings and the Salic Laws, [463]. The reign of Clovis, [466]. Clovis turns Christian, [469]. Successors of Clovis to Pepin, [477]. The rise of Pepin, [481]. Pepin of Heristal, [482]. The career of Charles Martel, [488]. |
| CHAPTER IV |
| [Charles Martel to Charlemagne (732-768 A.D.)] | [497] |
| The Saracens repelled, [498]. The affairs of Rome, [499]. The pope calls to Charles, [500]. Carloman and Pepin the Short, [502]. Pepin sole ruler, [504]. Secularisation, [506]. The anointing of Pepin, [507]. Lombard affairs, [509]. The pope visits Pepin, [511]. Pepin invades Italy, [513]. Second war with the Lombards, [513]. Desiderius made Lombard king, [515]. Pepin and the Aquitanians, [516]. |
| CHAPTER V |
| [Charlemagne (768-814 A.D.)] | [520] |
| His biography, by a contemporary, [520]. The Italian War, [523]. The Saxon War, [524]. The pass of Roncesvalles, [525]. Third visit to Italy, [526]. Bavarian War with Tassilo, [526]. Wars in the North and with the Avars, [527]. Danish War, [528]. Glory of Charlemagne, [528]. His family, [530]. His personal look and habits, [532]. His imperial title, [535]. His death, [535]. His will and testament, [537]. Giesebrecht on Charles the Great, [539]. The final subjugation of the Saxons, [543]. The imperial coronation, [544]. Administration and reforms of Charles, [546]. Last years of Charles, [552]. The legendary Charlemagne, [554]. The Monk of St. Gall’s story, [554]. Sheppard’s summary of the legends, [555]. |
| CHAPTER VI |
| [Charlemagne’s Successors to the Treaty of Verdun (814-843 A.D.)] | [557] |
| Louis le Débonnaire, or Pious, [557]. Humiliation of Louis, [560]. Louis returns to power, [561]. Last years of Louis, [563]. Quarrels of his successors, [565]. Charles the Bald and Ludwig the German unite, [566]. Lothair brought to terms, [569]. Oppression of the Saxon freemen, [570]. The Treaty of Verdun, [571]. |
| CHAPTER VII |
| [The Birth of German Nationality (843-936 A.D.)] | [574] |
| The reign of Ludwig the German, [575]. War with the Slavonic tribes, [576]. Ludwig turns against Charles the Bald, [577]. The end of Lothair, [578]. Ludwig and Charles divide Lothair’s possessions, [580]. Last years of Ludwig the German, [580]. The sons of Ludwig the German; Charles the Fat, [582]. Ludwig the Younger, [583]. Ravages of the Northmen, [586]. Charles the Fat, [587]. Arnulf, [589]. Arnulf enters Italy, [591]. The Babenberg feud, [593]. The Hungarian invasions, [594]. Conrad I, [595]. Reign of Henry (I) the Fowler, [598]. The unification of the empire, [599]. Wars against outer enemies, [601]. |
| CHAPTER VIII |
| [Otto the Great and his Successors (936-1024 A.D.)] | [608] |
| The coronation of Otto I, [608]. The overthrow of the Stem duchies, [609]. The tenth-century renaissance, [610]. The strengthening of the marks, [613]. Victory over the Magyars and Wends, [613]. The revival of the Roman Empire, [614]. The imperial coronation, [615]. Wars in Italy against Byzantium, [617]. Comparison of Henry the Fowler and Otto with Charlemagne, [618]. The unforeseen evils of Otto’s reign, [620]. Otto II, [621]. Otto in France and Italy, [622]. Quelling of the Slavs, [622]. Otto III, [623]. Otto III makes and unmakes popes, [624]. Henry (II) the Saint, [626]. Henry’s policy, [627]. Relation of Italy to the empire at death of Henry II, [628]. |
| CHAPTER IX |
| [The Franconian, or Salian Dynasty (1024-1125 A.D.)] | [630] |
| A national assembly, [631]. Conrad II increases his power, [633]. Conrad in Italy and Germany, [635]. The accession of Henry III, [638]. Henry’s efforts for peace, [639]. The papacy subordinated to Henry, [640]. The truce of God, [644]. Sorrows of Henry’s last years, [645]. Henry IV, [646]. Quarrel between Henry IV and Gregory VII, [648]. “Going to Canossa”: a contemporary account, [650]. Henry’s struggle to regain power, [653]. Henry and Conrad, [654]. End of Henry IV, [655]. Henry V and the war of investitures, [656]. |
| [Brief Reference-List of Authorities by Chapters] | [660] |