The King's Mirror (Speculum regale-Konungs skuggsjá)

by Unknown

INDEX

• Aaron, high priest in Israel, [280], [284], [358].
• Abbot, [294], [325].
• Abel, [330], [363].
• Abiathar, Hebrew priest, [46], [47], [333], [344], [347], [351]–[353], [363]–[365].
• Abiram, Hebrew rebel, [279], [283].
• Abishag, David’s wife, [344], [348]–[351].
• Abishai, David’s companion, [335].
• Abner, Hebrew captain, [346], [351].
• Absalom, David’s son, [325], [338], [346], [347].
• Acrifolium (aquifolium), [107].
• Adam, [252]–[257], [261], [266]–[273].
• Adam von Bremen, [19] note.
• “Address to the Norwegian People,” King Sverre’s, [39]–[46], [49], [58], [59].
• Adonijah, David’s son, [46], [64], [341], [344], [345], [347]–[351].
• Agag, king of Amalek, [326].
• Ahasuerus, Persian king, [237]–[240], [244].
• Ahimelech, Hebrew priest, [331]–[333], [362], [365].
• Albertus Magnus, medieval schoolman, [2].
• Ale-springs, [134].
• Alexander Neckam, medieval scientist, [12], [18].
• Alfonso the Wise, Spanish king, [31].
• Amalek, Amalekites, [52], [279], [283], [319], [325], [326], [362].
• Amasa, Hebrew captain, [346], [351].
• Amorites, [319], [326].
• Andenes, headland in Lofoten, [98].
• Angels, [261]–[263], [309], [338], [360].
• Ant, Habits of the, [92].
• Apples, St. Kevin’s, [113];
  • of knowledge, [252], [253], [255], [264]–[266].
• Apulia, Southern Italy, [96], [97].
• Arctic, Marvels of the, [21], [105], [119]–[126], [135]–[141].
• Armor, [217]–[220].
• Arnamagnean collection, [65], [68].
• Artaxerxes, Persian king, [237].
• Arthurian legends, [2], [3].
• Asp, serpent in Paradise, [264].
• Athens, [309], [310], [312].
• Augustine, Saint, [40].
• Aura, [172].
• Bacon, Roger, medieval scientist, [2].
• Balances of justice, The, [306], [307].
• Baleen whale, [120].
• Basking sharks, [122] note.
• Bathsheba, Uriah’s wife, [323]–[325], [344], [348]–[351];
  • see [Uriah].
• Beaked whale, [120], [123].
• Beams used in warfare, [216], [224], [225].
• Beard, how trimmed and worn at court, [182].
• Bearded seal, [140].
• Bears in Greenland, [143].
• Beasts, Instincts of, [91], [92], [111], [112].
• Bede, medieval writer, [5], [16] note, [18], [20], [147] note, [257] note.
• Beluga, a sort of whale, [120] note.
• Benaiah, Hebrew captain, [344], [345], [351], [352].
• Bengjerd (Berengaria), Danish queen, [31].
• Bergen, [26], [46].
• Bernard, Saint, [257] note.
• Bethany, Hebrew town, [289].
• Bethlehem, Hebrew town, [329].
• Birchshanks, anti-clerical faction in Norway, [37], [52], [61], [63], [64].
• Birds, Joy of, at coming of spring, [90], [91].
• Birger, Swedish earl, [4], [30].
• Birka, old Swedish town, [82] note.
• Bishops, Political claims of, [36]–[38], [55];
  • hostile to the monarchy, [40], [47], [54];
  • subordinate to the king, [174], [175], [352], [353], [364]–[366];
  • authority of, [358], [359], [363]–[366];
  • mention of, [117], [178], [241], [280], [281], [291], [294], [325], [326], [331], [344], [345].
• Bjarkey code, a municipal law, [81].
• Bjarkudal bog, Norwegian marvel, [104].
• Blandina (Slieve Bloom mountains in Iceland), [107].
• Blom, Otto, Captain in Danish artillery, [32], [62], [63].
• Blood fine, [61].
• Blubber-cutters, [119].
• “Bluemen” (negroes), [30].
• Börnhoved, Battle of, [3].
• Brattices, [222].
• Breastplate, [219].
• Breeches for mounted warriors, [219].
• Breeding, Good, [227]–[229].
• Brendan, Irish saint, [125] note.
• Brenner, Otto, editor of Speculum Regale, [69].
• “Briar,” weapon for defense, [223].
• British Isles, [29].
• Broadax, [215].
• Caaing whale, [119].
• Caesar, Christ’s submission to, [43], [248], [249].
• Cain, [330], [363].
• Caltrop, device used in warfare, [215].
• Cap, hat, or coif, When not to wear a, [182], [184], [227].
• Capella, Martianus, encyclopedist, [5], [147] note.
• Cassiodorus, encyclopedist, [5].
• Castles, Weapons for attacking or defending, [220]–[226].
• Cat, siege engine, [221], [222].
• Chansons de geste, [2].
• Cherubim, [270].
• Chess, [83], [228].
• Christiania, [68].
• Christiania edition of the King’s Mirror, [62], [68], [69], [71].
• Christina, Norwegian princess, [31].
• Christopher, Danish king, [30].
• Church, The, relation of, to the monarchy, [35]–[38], [55], [357]–[366];
  • ambitions of, [36], [37];
  • opposed by King Sverre, [40].
• Claussön, Peder, Norwegian writer, [65].
• Climate of Iceland and Greenland, [15], [96], [143], [148], [149], [153];
  • of Ireland, [23], [24], [105], [106];
  • affected by changes in the sun’s course, [96]–[99].
• Cloena (Clonmacnois), Irish borough, [116], [117].
• Clothes, [181], [182], [219], [227], [254], [271].
• Coal, Use of, in warfare, [215].
• Cologne, [28].
• Conduct, Rules of, [80]–[83], [85], [182]–[189], [205]–[211], [227], [228].
• Constantine, [240]–[244].
• Conversation, Rules governing, [186]–[191], [209], [210], [227].
• Copenhagen, [66], [67], [68].
• “Corse seal,” [139].
• Cosmas, Egyptian monk and writer, [18] note.
• Court, The royal, customs of, [73], [173], [176]–[179], [183], [208]–[211];
  • promotion at, [169];
  • fashions at, [181]–[186];
  • speech and conversation at, [186], [187];
  • habits suitable to life at, [208]–[210].
• Courtesy, Rules of, [11], [227], [228];
  • see [Court].
• Crafts and professions, [73], [78].
• Craton, Roman philosopher, [242]–[245].
• Crossbow, [215], [220].
• Croziermen, clerical faction in Norway, [37], [38], [54], [56].
• Crusades, Importance of, for the spread of culture, [27], [32], [33].
• Culture in the medieval North, [26]–[31].
• Curtain, a type of fortification, [222].
• Cyrus, [237].
• Daae, Ludvig, Norwegian historian, [44], [57], [62].
• Dagmar (Dragomir), Danish queen, [31].
• Dante, [49].
• Dart, [215].
• Dathan, Hebrew rebel, [279], [283].
• David, king of Israel, [42], [46], [52], [249], [275], [276], [278], [281], [284], [290], [291], [317], [320]–[342], [344]–[352], [361], [365].
• Dearth and failure of crops and morals, [33], [193]–[204].
• Death penalty, [318]–[321].
• Defensor Pacis, [49].
• De Monarchia, [49].
• Denmark, [3], [30], [38], [67].
• Dialogs of Gregory the Great, [127], [130].
• Dice, Warning against, [83], [228].
• Diermicius, Irish saint, [111].
• Dirk, [219].
• Disciplina Clericalis, [9], [10], [26].
• Disobedience, Sin of, [52], [53], [325], [326].
• Divine right of kings, [41]–[45], [49], [59], [246]–[250], [357], [358], [360], [364]–[366].
• Dooms, see [Judgments] and [Penalties].
• Dorph, Chr., translator of the King’s Mirror, [70] note.
• Dragons, [103].
• Drunkenness, Warning against, [83], [207], [210].
• Earth, Shape and constitution of the, [12]–[15], [97], [128], [148], [300].
• Earthquakes, [17], [18], [20], [21], [126], [129].
• Egypt, [235], [236], [240], [243], [279], [286].
• Einersen, Halfdan, editor of the King’s Mirror, [66], [67].
• Elgesæter, Monastery of, [48], [52], [64].
• Elks, [29].
• Ell, [119] note.
• Elucidarium, [10], [75] note, [131] note.
• Embassies, [29]–[31], [172], [177], [178].
• Emmanuel, see [Manuel].
• Encyclopedists, [5], [6].
• England, [2], [29], [58].
• Erichsen, Jon, Icelandic scholar, [61], [67], [70].
• Erik, Swedish duke, [65] note.
• “Erken-seal,” [139].
• Erling Skakke, Norwegian magnate, [36].
• Esquimaux, [79] note.
• Esther, queen of Persia, [238], [239], [244].
• Ethical ideas of the King’s Mirror, [11], [77], [78], [80]–[83], [85], [205]–[207], [213], [214], [228]–[234].
• Etna, Mount, [17].
• Eve, the first woman, [252]–[255], [264]–[271].
• Excommunication, [38], [40], [365], [366].
• Eystein, Norwegian archbishop, [36], [38], [46].
• Falcons, [31], [144].
• Faroes, [4], [37].
• Finns, [79] note, [173] note.
• Finsen, Hans, Icelandic bishop, [61], [66], [67].
• Fire, Source of, [129].
• “Fish driver,” a sort of whale, [120], [121].
• Fishes, Instincts of, [90].
• Flemish towns, [2].
• “Flett seal,” [139].
• Flom, G. T., editor of the King’s Mirror, [25] note, [69], [70].
• France (and French), [26], [28], [39], [54], [81].
• Frederick II, emperor, [30], [44].
• Galilee, [354].
• Gambison, defensive covering, [212], [217]–[219].
• Gardar, diocese in Greenland, [145] note.
• Garth, King’s, [167].
• Geelmuyden, Hans, Norwegian astronomer, [59].
• “Gelts,” [116].
• Geography of the King’s Mirror, [11]–[17], [20].
• Germany, [27], [28], [33], [182].
• Gests, a higher class in the king’s guard, [170], [171].
• Geysers, [21], [128], [130], [131].
• Giraldus Cambrensis, medieval writer, [22]–[24], [104] note, [106]–[110] notes.
• Gjerset, Knut, historian, [168] note.
• Glaciers, [21], [130], [131], [151].
• Glass, molten, for defensive warfare, [224].
• Glosses, [272]–[278].
• Glumelaga (Glendalough), Irish abbey, [112].
• Goliath, [329].
• Göta River, [30].
• Grampus, [119], [120].
• Greenland, Geography and climate of, [4], [15], [16], [138], [139], [141]–[150], [152], [153], [155];
  • northern lights in, [18], [146], [149]–[152];
  • whales in the waters of, [18], [139], [140], [145];
  • marvels of, [21], [101], [105], [135]–[141];
  • products and resources of, [142]–[145], [149].
• Greenland sharks, [122].
• Greenland whale, [123], [124].
• Gregory the Great, [17], [40], [127], [130].
• Gregory VII, [36].
• Grosseteste, English bishop, [257] note.
• Guardsmen, King’s, [6], [26], [176];
  • see [Kingsmen], [Hirdmen], and [Housecarles].
• Hair, how trimmed and worn at court, [182].
• Hakon IV, Norwegian king, [4], [6], [22], [29]–[35], [48], [57], [58], [60], [64], [65].
• Hakon V, Norwegian king, [65] note.
• Hakon’s Saga, [30].
• Halberd, [215].
• Halogaland, district in northern Norway, [59], [98], [99].
• Haman, magnate at the Persian court, [238]–[240], [245].
• Hamburg, [36].
• Hand sling, [213], [221].
• Hansa, the German, [2], [27].
• Hares in Greenland, [143].
• Harold Gilchrist (Gille), [34], [37].
• Hauberk, [219].
• Hawks, [29], [297], [298];
  • see [Falcons].
• Headward, [171].
• Heavenly bodies, Course of the, [11], [83], [86];
  • see [Sun] and [Moon].
• Hebrides, [4].
• Hebron, [321].
• “Hedgehog,” defensive weapon, [222], [223].
• Heffermehl, A. V., Norwegian writer, [39] note, [57], [62].
• Helena, mother of Constantine, [241], [244].
• Hell, place of cold and heat, [131].
• Helmet, [219].
• Henry III, English king, [29], [58].
• Herod, Jewish king, [354]–[356], [362].
• Hertzberg, Ebbe, Norwegian historian, [36] note.
• Hezekiah, king of Juda, [288], [289].
• Hirdmen, Honored position of, [171], [174]–[176];
  • duties of, [177];
  • habits and diversions of, [207]–[213].
• Historia Scholastica, [6], [10].
• Hiterdale, place in Iceland, [134].
• “Hog whale,” [120], [123].
• Holar, town in Iceland, [66].
• Holly, holm, [107].
• Holstein, [27].
• Holy Spirit, Office and gifts of the, [275], [292], [294].
• Honorius of Autun, medieval theologian, [10], [75] note, [131] note, [147] note.
• Horn bow, [220].
• Horse, Equipment of the, in war, [217], [218].
• “Horse whale,” [122], [123].
• Housecarle fine, [169], [171].
• Housecarles, King’s, [167], [170]–[175].
• Household, The king’s, organization and customs of, [11], [26], [29], [165], [166], [178];
  • how to gain admission to, [179]–[184].
• Houses, God’s two, on earth, [358]–[360], [363], [364].
• Hudson, Henry, [136] note.
• Hugh of St. Victor, medieval theologian, [257] note.
• Humpback, a sort of whale, [123].
• Hundred, The two reckonings of, [94].
• Hungary, [33].
• Husbandmen, [6], [73], [92], [291].
• Icebergs, ice floes, [101], [126], [138], [139].
• Iceland, Norwegian colony, [4];
  • climate of, [15], [96], [126];
  • marvels of, [21], [101], [126]–[134];
  • volcanic fires in, [17], [126]–[131];
  • geysers in, [128];
  • mineral springs in, [134].
• Idols, Worship of, [189].
• Illinois, University of, [69].
• India, [11], [101], [102], [244].
• Inge, Norwegian king, [46], [58].
• Ingeborg, Swedish duchess, [65] note.
• Inhisgluer (Inishglory), island in Ireland, [108].
• Inisclodran, island in Ireland, [111].
• Innocent III, [38], [45].
• Interdict, [38].
• “Invisible Society,” The, [66].
• Ireland, Norwegian colony in, [4], [22];
  • marvels of, [11], [23], [101], [106]–[118];
  • climate and inhabitants of, [105], [106].
• Irish Nennius, [24].
• Iron ore found in Iceland, [134].
• Isaiah, Hebrew prophet, [288], [289].
• Ishbosheth, king of Israel, [320], [321].
• Isidore of Seville, encyclopedist, [5], [13], [15] note, [18], [147].
• Island, Floating, [107], [108];
  • where bodies cannot decay, [108], [109];
  • where none can die, [109];
  • occupied by demons, [109], [110];
  • where no female is allowed, [111], [112].
• Israel, Land and people of, [46], [238], [239], [279], [280], [286], [317].
• Italian cities, [2].
• Ivar Bodde, Norwegian priest, [57]–[59], [62].
• Javelins, [215].
• Jericho, [279], [283].
• Jerome, Saint, [40].
• Jerusalem, [96], [97], [166], [338].
• Jesse, father of King David, [329].
• Jesus Christ recognized kingship, [42], [43], [247]–[249];
  • showed mercy to the woman taken in adultery, [281], [282];
  • forgave Peter and the thief on the cross, [282];
  • raised Lazarus, [289].
• Jesus, son of Sirach, Hebrew writer, [303].
• Joab, Hebrew captain, [47], [48], [64], [341], [344], [346], [350]–[353], [357]–[359], [363].
• Job, [132], [133].
• John, Norwegian archbishop, [46].
• John the Baptist, [354].
• John, English king, [29], [58].
• John of Paris, medieval writer, [49].
• Joint kingship, Theory and evils of, [33]–[35], [60], [63], [198]–[201], [203] note.
• Jonah, Hebrew prophet, [287].
• Jonathan, Saul’s son, [330].
• Joseph, [235], [236], [240], [243], [244].
• Joshua, Hebrew chieftain, [279].
• Judas, [279], [284], [285].
• Judgments of God to serve as examples, [251]–[258], [277]–[289];
  • of a king at times to be lenient and at times severe, [251], [259], [278], [279], [313]–[321];
  • diverse character of, [283]–[285];
  • reasons for modifying, [285]–[289];
  • of a king to be carefully thought out, [304]–[313];
  • king’s responsibility for, [363]–[366];
  • of the bishops, [364]–[366].
• Justice, divine virgin, [252], [254], [256]–[259], [278], [279], [281], [283], [285], [287], [324], [328].
• Justin, priest, [309]–[312].
• Kertinagh, island in Ireland, [109], [110].
• Kevinus, Irish saint, [112], [113].
• Keyser, Rudolf, Norwegian historian, [6] note, [68].
• King, The, authority and power of, [35], [40]–[45], [52], [75], [174], [175], [246], [247], [298], [299];
  • relation of, to the church, [35], [36], [46]–[48], [363]–[366];
  • holds his title from God, [40]–[43], [49], [246]–[251], [290];
  • judicial duties of, [114], [115], [251], [290], [304]–[308], [314], [358]–[360];
  • customs to be observed in presence of, [179]–[192], [227], [228];
  • cap and mantle not to be worn in presence of, [182], [184]–[186];
  • rules of speech in presence of, [183], [186]–[191];
  • if unwise or young may bring ruin upon the land, [197]–[203];
  • diversions of, [208], [209], [297], [298];
  • business of, during the day, [246], [250], [298];
  • to give thought to the realm at night, [250];
  • needs to be well informed, [251];
  • prayer of, [290]–[296];
  • should attend the services of the church, [290], [297];
  • should meditate on the source of wisdom, [299].
• King’s Crag, Norwegian borough, [30].
• Kingship, Joint, see [Joint kingship].
• Kingship, Norwegian theory of, [33]–[35], [39]–[44].
• Kingsmen, [78], [79], [85], [164];
  • advantages of being, [167]–[172], [175];
  • classes of, [170]–[173], [176];
  • how to become, [179]–[184].
  • duties of, [207]–[213].
• King’s Mirror, The, plan and purpose of, [6]–[8], [72]–[76];
  • author of, [8], [9], [54]–[60], [77], [79];
  • relation of, to other works, [8]–[10], [19], [20], [22]–[26];
  • scientific notions of, [11]–[21], [83], [87], [91]–[99], [126]–[132], [145], [146];
  • date of composition of, [32], [35], [55], [60]–[64];
  • political theories of, [39]–[48];
  • ethical and theological ideas of, [49]–[52];
  • modern characteristics of, [53], [54];
  • place of composition of, [59], [60];
  • manuscripts of, [65], [66], [68]–[70];
  • editions and translations of, [66]–[71];
  • mention of, [39], [44], [46]–[49], [52]–[54], [61], [68], [71], [74];
  • see Speculum Regale.
• Kiranus, Irish saint, [117].
• Klefsan, Irish clown, [118].
• Knee pieces, [219].
• Knights, [178], [322].
• Knowledge, Tree of, [252], [253], [255], [264], [265].
• Kongespegelen, [70].
• Kraken, The, [22], [125].
• Ladders, Scaling, [221], [225].
• Lakes, Miracle working, [106]–[110].
• Landedmen, holders of fiefs in Norway, [172], [175].
• Langton, Stephen, English archbishop, [257] note.
• Languages, Study of, encouraged, [81].
• Latin language, Importance of the, [39], [54], [81].
• Law, Study of, [81].
• Lawrence, Saint, [309]–[313].
• Lazarus, [289].
• Lead, Molten, useful in defensive warfare, [224].
• Leap year, [94].
• Levites, [51].
• Liberal arts, The seven, [303].
• Licentiousness, to be avoided, [83], [206], [228].
• Lightning, Source of, [129].
• Lofoten, [59], [98] note.
• Logechag (Lough Neagh?), lake in Ireland, [106], [107].
• Logherne (Lough Erne or Lough Owel), lake in Ireland, [109], [110].
• Logri (Loch Cré or Loch Ree), lake in Ireland, [109], [111].
• Longbow, [215].
• Louis IX, French king, [31].
• Low Countries, [28].
• Loycha, lake in Ireland, [107], [108].
• Lucifer, [259], [262]–[268], [271].
• Lund, Swedish cathedral town, [36].
• Macrobius, [15], [147] note, [154] note.
• Magnus Bareleg, Norwegian king, [34].
• Magnus the Blind, Norwegian king, [34].
• Magnus Erlingsson, Norwegian king, [36], [37], [55].
• Magnus Lawmender, Norwegian king, [44], [61].
• Magnussen, Arne, antiquarian, [65].
• Mail hose, [219].
• Mainz, [28].
• Man, Isle of, [4], [22].
• Manners, Personal, [32], [164]–[166], [169], [173], [176]–[187], [192], [193], [227], [228];
  • see also [Court], [Household], and [King].
• Mantle, When not to wear a, [181], [182], [184]–[186], [227].
• Manuel Comnenus, Byzantine emperor, [60], [101] note.
• Marble in Greenland, [144].
• Mark, measure of value, [168] note, [172].
• Marsiglio of Padua, medieval political theorist, [49].
• Martianus Capella, see [Capella].
• Marvels, see [Arctic], [Greenland], [Iceland], [India], [Ireland], and [Norway].
• Mary, The Virgin, [85].
• Matthew, an envoy from the imperial court, [30].
• Matthew Paris, English monk and historian, [31].
• Melchisedek, [361].
• Merchants and the mercantile profession, [6], [11], [28], [73], [78], [79]–[86], [92]–[94], [163], [164], [173].
• Mercy, divine virgin, [252], [254], [256]–[259], [279]–[281], [283], [285], [287], [324], [328].
• Meregarto, German poem, [19] note.
• Mermaid, [22], [136], [137].
• Merman, [22], [135], [136].
• Meyer, Kuno, [25], [109] note, [116] note, [117] note.
• Military art and engines, [11], [32], [62], [63], [211]–[226].
• Mineral springs in Iceland, [21], [134], [135].
• Mines in warfare, [225].
• Minorities, [35], [60], [197], [203] note.
• “Mirrors of Princes,” [7] note.
• Missiles used in warfare, [224], [225].
• Monsters, [101], [105], [110], [115], [125], [135]–[137].
• Moon, The, and its influence on the ocean, [92]–[94], [300].
• Mordecai, Hebrew magnate at the Persian court, [238]–[240], [245].
• Möre, Norwegian shire, [104].
• Moses, [51], [52], [280], [281], [283], [285]–[287], [290], [317], [318], [358], [361].
• Munch, Peter Andreas, Norwegian historian, [68].
• Munster, [107] note.
• Namdalen, district in Norway, [9] note, [59], [60].
• Nansen, Fridtjof, [20], [21].
• Narwhal, [122], [123].
• Nathan, Hebrew prophet, [322], [324], [328], [344], [345], [347].
• Natural History of the Elder Pliny, [18].
• Navigation, Rules and information relating to, [83]–[85], [90], [100], [156]–[162].
• Nero, [362].
• Nibelungs, Tales of the, [3].
• Nicholas Petersson, Norwegian bishop, [46].
• Nicholas Sæmundarson, Norwegian abbot, [28] note.
• Nidaros, [9] note, [36], [48];
  • see [Trondhjem].
• Night and day, Changes of, [94], [98], [104].
• Nineveh, [287].
• Nob, city in Israel, [331], [332], [347], [352], [362], [365].
• Nordland, northern Norway, [98] note.
• Northern lights, [18], [19], [101], [146], [149]–[152].
• Norway, Colonies of, [4];
  • literature of, in the middle ages, [4]–[6];
  • marvels of, [18], [19], [21], [99]–[101], [103]–[105];
  • trade of, [29];
  • factional warfare in, [35], [52];
  • mention of, [28], [59], [65], [68], [138] note.
• Occam, William, medieval schoolman, [49].
• Olaf, Norwegian saint and king, [36].
• Ordeal, Harold Gilchrist’s, [34].
• “Ore-marvel” in Iceland, [134].
• Orkneys, [4].
• Ostenta, ostensa, minutes of time, [16], [20], [95].
• Paradise, [252], [255], [261], [263].
• Parmenides of Ela, [15] note.
• Patrick, Saint, [110] note, [115].
• Paul, Norwegian bishop, [46].
• Paul, Saint, [275].
• Peace, divine virgin, [252], [254], [256]–[259], [279]–[281], [283], [285], [287].
• Peasants, yeomen, [73], [78], [172], [174];
  • see [Husbandmen].
• Penalties, [318]–[322], [324], [325], [327], [328].
• Penance, Theory of, [51], [52], [318], [319], [321], [343], [346].
• Pens, Sören, Icelandic merchant, [66].
• Persia, [244] note.
• Peter, Saint, [42], [248], [249], [282], [284], [285].
• Peter, Skule’s son, [48].
• Petrifying waters, [104], [105], [107], [128].
• Petrus Alfonsus, [9], [26].
• Petrus Comestor, [6], [10].
• Pharaoh, [236], [244], [278], [283], [305].
• Philistines, [329].
• Pilgrims and pilgrimages, [3], [19], [27], [28].
• Pitch, Use of, in defensive warfare, [225].
• Pliny the Elder, [18].
• Plural and singular terms, Proper use of, [187]–[190].
• Polo, Marco, [2].
• Pope, [175], [241], [294].
• Porpoise, [119].
• Portugal, [31].
• “Praise of Divine Wisdom,” Alexander Neckam’s, [12].
• Prester John, [11], [101] note.
• Pretenders to the Norwegian throne, [34], [35], [48].
• Promises, see [Vows].
• Proper names, Irish, [25].
• “Prow-boar,” device used in naval warfare, [216].
• Psalter, [276].
• Ptolemaic theory of the universe, [12]–[14].
• Purgatory of Saint Patrick, [110] note.
• Rabanus, Maurus, medieval scholar and writer, [20], [95] note, [147] note.
• Ram, siege engine, [221], [222].
• “Raven whale,” [120].
• “Red comb,” a sort of whale, [122], [123].
• Reindeer in Greenland, [145].
• Rhine River, [27], [28].
• Riant, Count, [19].
• Right whale, [121], [123] note.
• Rome, [27], [28], [241].
• Rorqual, [124].
• “Running wheel,” device used in defending castles, [223].
• Sachsenspiegel, [8].
• Saddle for use in warfare, [218], [219].
• Saddleback, a sort of seal, [140].
• Saint Edmundsbury, [38].
• Salmon, [109].
• Samuel, Hebrew prophet, [326], [328], [329].
• Sanctuary, Right of, [48], [64], [348], [351]–[353], [357], [358], [363].
• Satan, [132], [133].
• Saul, king of Israel, [42], [52], [53], [279], [283], [317], [319]–[322], [325]–[337],
• [339], [340], [344], [347], [357], [362].
• Saxon lands, [27], [28].
• Scarlet, [181].
• Scherer, W., [257] note.
• Schöning, Gerhard, Norwegian scholar, [66], [67].
• Scythes for use in warfare, [215].
• “Sea hedges,” sea quakes, [21], [101], [137], [138].
• Seals, [21], [139], [140], [142], [145].
• Self-control, The virtue of, [231]–[233].
• Serpent, The, in Paradise, [252], [253], [255], [261], [266]–[270], [272].
• Shabrack, covering for war horse, [218].
• Shetlands, [4].
• Shield-giant, military contrivance, [226].
• “Shield whale,” [120].
• Shimei, Biblical character, [341]–[343], [346], [353].
• Ships, Care of, [83]–[85];
  • defense of, [215]–[217].
• “Short seal,” [140].
• “Shot wagon,” device for defending castles, [223], [224].
• Sicily, [17], [30], [127], [130].
• Siege warfare, [220]–[226].
• Sigurd Jerusalemfarer, Norwegian king, [28] note, [34].
• Sinai, Mount, [285].
• Skis, Running on, [103], [104].
• Skule, Norwegian earl and duke, [31], [35], [48], [52], [63], [64].
• Society for the Advancement of Scandinavian Study, The, [70].
• Solinus, [19] note.
• Solomon, Hebrew king, [46], [47], [64], [303], [340]–[354], [357], [358], [363]–[365].
• “Song of the High One,” Eddic poem, [50].
• Sorö, Danish city, [66], [67].
• Sorö edition of the King’s Mirror, [61], [65]–[68], [70], [120] note.
• Spain, [31].
• “Spear whale,” [120].
• Speculum Ecclesiae, [7].
• Speculum Majus, [6].
• Speculum Naturale, [7].
• Speculum Perfectionis, [7].
• Speculum Regale, [6]–[9], [17], [19], [22], [25], [43], [45], [49], [50], [56], [59], [61], [66], [68]–[70], [74], [101] note;
  • see [King’s Mirror].
• Speculum Regis, [8].
• Speculum Regum, [8].
• Speculum Stultorum, [7].
• Sperm, [124].
• Sperm whale, [121].
• Springs, Marvelous, [107].
• Staff slings, [213], [215], [221].
• Steenstrup, I. Japetus S., Danish scientist, [137] note.
• Stephen, Athenian judge, [309]–[313].
• Stockholm, [82] note.
• Storm, Gustav, Norwegian historian, [62].
• Strindsea, Battle of, [58].
• Suibhne Geilt, Irish legendary character, [116] note.
• Sulphur, Use of, in warfare, [215], [225].
• Sun, The, office of, [87], [300];
  • effect of, on the winds, [87]–[89], [158]–[160];
  • changes in the course of, [92]–[99], [104], [149], [155], [156];
  • influence of, on climate, [96]–[99].
• Surcingle, [218].
• Sverre, Norwegian king, [34], [37]–[39], [47], [54]–[61].
• Sweden, [3], [4], [30], [65].
• Swords of kings and bishops, [364]–[366].
• Sylvester, pope and saint, [241].
• Table service and manners, [80], [210], [211], [227], [228].
• Tar, Use of, in warfare, [225]
• Tara, [113] note;
  • see [Themar].
• Tarquin, Roman citizen, [310], [311], [313], [314].
• Thegn, King’s, [61].
• Thegn money, [168], [171].
• Themar, Irish borough, [113]–[115], [308], [312], [314].
• Theodoric, [3].
• Theodosius II, Roman emperor, [316] note.
• Thieves, The two, at the crucifixion, [282], [285].
• Thomas Aquinas, medieval philosopher and theologian, [2].
• Tides, [12], [16], [17], [83], [86], [92]–[94].
• Time, Divisions of, [11], [16], [93]–[95].
• Tools for ship repairs, [84].
• Topographia Hibernica of Giraldus Cambrensis, [22], [23].
• Torment, Places of, in Sicily and Iceland, [130], [131].
• Towers for siege warfare, [215], [216], [221], [225].
• Trebuckets, siege engines, [220], [222].
• Trondhjem, [26], [46], [59], [64], [66];
  • see [Nidaros].
• Truth, divine virgin, [252], [254], [255], [257]–[259], [278], [279], [281], [283], [285], [287], [324].
• Tunis, [31].
• Turnpikes for use in defensive warfare, [223].
• Ulster, [107] note.
• Unas, a Faroese, [37].
• Unger, Carl R., editor of the King’s Mirror, [68].
• Ur, Hebrew high priest, [280], [284].
• Uriah, Hebrew warrior, [53], [281], [322]–[325], [328].
• Utrecht, [28].
• Vaag, fishing village in Lofoten, [98].
• Valdemar the Victorious, Danish king, [3], [4], [31].
• Valladolid, [31].
• Vashti, Persian queen, [237], [238], [240], [243], [244].
• Venomous animals unable to live in Ireland, [106].
• Vincent of Beauvais, encyclopedist, [5].
• Volcanic fires, [17], [21], [126]–[129], [130], [131].
• Vows and promises, when to be kept and when broken, [353]–[357].
• Vulgate, [9].
• Wadmol, cloth for sail repair, [84].
• Walrus, [21], [140], [141].
• “War-beams,” [215].
• Warfare, Private, [50], [231].
• Weapons suitable for warfare on land, [213], [214], [217]–[226];
  • on board ships, [214]–[217].
• Whalebone, [124].
• Whales, [18], [21], [119]–[124], [139], [140], [145].
• White bears, [143].
• White whale, [120].
• William, king’s chaplain, [29], [57].
• William of Sabina, cardinal, [31], [55].
• Willow, Miracle of the, [112], [113].
• Winds, Covenant of the, [87]–[89], [158]–[161];
  • importance of, in navigation, [150], [160].
• Wisdom, Source and beginning of, [77], [78], [230], [299], [300];
  • nature of, [229]–[234], [300], [302], [303];
  • speech of, [300]–[303].
• Woden, [50].
• Wolves, Men turned into, [115];
  • in Greenland, [143].
• Woman taken in adultery, [281], [282].
• Year, Divisions of the, [94].
• Zadoc, Hebrew priest, [344]–[347].
• Zenophilus, Roman prince, [242]–[245].
• Zion (Gihon), [345].
• Zones of heat and cold, [15], [16], [147], [148], [153]–[155], [162].

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