THE PROGRESS
OF THE
CENTURY
BY ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE; PROF. WILLIAM RAMSAY; PROF. WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS-PETRIE; SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER; EDWARD CAIRD; WILLIAM OSLER; W. W. KEEN; PROF. ELIHU THOMSON; PRESIDENT THOMAS CORWIN MENDENHALL; SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE; CAPTAIN ALFRED T. MAHAN; ANDREW LANG; THOMAS C. CLARKE; CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS; REV. ALEXANDER V. G. ALLEN; PROF. RICHARD J. H. GOTTHEIL; PROF. GOLDWIN SMITH
NEW YORK AND LONDON
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1901
Copyright, 1901, by Harper & Brothers.
Copyright, 1901, by The Sun Printing and Publishing Association.
All rights reserved.
CONTENTS
| PAGE | |
| EVOLUTION. By Alfred Russel Wallace, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S | [3] |
| CHEMISTRY. By Prof. William Ramsay, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., Officer of the Legion of Honor | [33] |
| ARCHÆOLOGY. By Prof. William Matthew Flinders-Petrie, D.C.L., LL.D., Edwards Professor of Egyptology, University College, London | [73] |
| ASTRONOMY. By Sir Joseph Norman Lockyer, C.B., F.R.S., Director of Solar Physics Observatory, South Kensington | [105] |
| PHILOSOPHY. By Edward Caird, LL.D., D.C.L., Professor of Moral Philosophy, Glasgow | [145] |
| MEDICINE. By William Osler, LL.D., Professor of Medicine and Physician to Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medical School | [173] |
| SURGERY. By W. W. Keen, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.S. (Hon.), Professor of the Principles of Surgery and of Clinical Surgery, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia | [217] |
| ELECTRICITY. By Prof. Elihu Thomson, A.M., Ph.D., Chevalier and Officer of the Legion of Honor | [265] |
| PHYSICS. By President Thomas Corwin Mendenhall, Ph.D., D.Sc., LL.D., Member National Academy of Science | [303] |
| WAR. By the Right Hon. Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, LL.M. | [333] |
| NAVAL SHIPS. By Captain Alfred T. Mahan, late U.S.N., D.C.L., LL.D. | [355] |
| LITERATURE. By Andrew Lang, Hon. Fellow Merton College, Oxford | [389] |
| ENGINEERING. By Thomas C. Clarke. Past President of the American Society of Civil Engineers | [421] |
| RELIGION: | |
| Catholicism. By Cardinal James Gibbons | [455] |
| Protestantism. By Rev. Alexander V. G. Allen, Professor of Church History in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, Mass. | [477] |
| The Jews and Judaism. By Professor Richard J. H. Gottheil | [498] |
| Free-Thought. By Professor Goldwin Smith | [539] |
EVOLUTION
Among the great and fertile scientific conceptions which have either originated or become firmly established during the nineteenth century, the theory of evolution, if not the greatest of them all, will certainly take its place in the front rank. As a partial explanation (for no complete explanation is possible to finite intelligence) of the phenomena of nature, it illuminates every department of science, from the study of the most remote cosmic phenomena accessible to us to that of the minutest organisms revealed by the most powerful microscopes; while upon the great problem of the mode of origin of the various forms of life—long considered insoluble—it throws so clear a light that to many biologists it seems to afford as complete a solution, in principle, as we can expect to reach.