The Story of the Great War, Volume 6 / History of the European War from Official Sources

by Unknown

CHAPTER C

NAVAL OPERATIONS

The principal feature of naval warfare, aside from that conducted by and against submarines, was the absence of major engagements. Such engagements as occurred were of a minor nature and confined to meetings between patrol units or to local raids.

On February 25, 1917, German destroyers bombarded Broadstairs and Margate on the English coast. Two deaths but no material damage resulted.

About the same time it was announced that on February 15, 1917, a British cruiser had fought a successful engagement against three German raiders off the coast of Brazil, damaging two of them. The third escaped.

Not until March 22, 1917, did the German Government announce that the raider Moewe had returned to her home port from a very successful second raiding trip in the Atlantic Ocean which had yielded twenty-seven captured vessels, most of which of course had been sunk.

Still another German raider was heard of on March 30, 1917. On that day the French bark Cambronne arrived at the Brazilian port of Rio de Janeiro, having on board the crews of eleven vessels which had been captured and sunk by the raider. The latter was said to have been the former American bark Pass of Balmaha which had been captured by the Germans in August, 1915, and at that time had been taken into Cuxhaven. She had been renamed Seeadler and was a three-master of about 2,800 tons, square rigged, with a speed of about twelve knots, and was equipped with a powerful wireless plant. Her armament was said to have consisted of two 105-mm. guns and sixteen machine guns, and a crew of sixty-four men. The boat apparently had left Germany in December, 1916, escorted by a submarine, and had successfully evaded the British patrol, not mounting her guns until she had run the British blockade. The eleven ships known to have been sunk by the Seeadler were:

Antonin, French sailing vessel, 3,071 tons, owned in Dunkirk; 31 men on board.

British Yeoman, British sailing vessel, 1,963 tons, owned in Victoria, B. C.; 21 men.

Buenos Ayres, Italian sailing vessel, 1,811 tons, owned in Naples; 21 men.

Charles Gounod, French sailing vessel, 2,199 tons, owned in Nantes; 24 men.

Dupleix, French sailing vessel, 2,206 tons, owned in Nantes; 22 men.

Gladys Royle, British steamship, 3,268 tons, owned in Sunderland; 26 men.

Horngarth, British steamship, 3,609 tons gross, owned in Cardiff; 33 men.

Lady Island (or Landy Island), 4,500 tons; 25 men.

La Rochefoucauld, French sailing vessel, 2,200 tons; owned in Nantes; 24 men.

Perce, British schooner, 364 tons, owned in Halifax; 6 men, 1 woman.

Pinmore, British sailing vessel, 2,431 tons, owned in Greenock, 29 men.

The Cambronne, which on her arrival at Rio de Janeiro had on board 263 men, had been brought up by the raider on March 7, 1917, in the Atlantic Ocean in latitude 21 south, longitude 7 west, or almost on a straight line with Rio, but twenty-two days east.

During March, 1917, the British Government announced an extension of the danger area in the North Sea, which affected chiefly the protected area off Holland and Denmark. On March 28, 1917, German warships, cruising off the south coast of England, attacked and sank the British patrol boat Mascot.

On April 8, 1917, an engagement occurred between British boats and German destroyers off Zeebrugge on the Belgian coast. One of the German destroyers was sunk and another was seriously damaged.

Various raids were carried out during April, 1917, against the English coast. On April 21, 1917, six German destroyers attempted an attack on Dover. Two of them were sunk by British destroyers. The Germans also claimed to have sunk two British patrol boats. Six days later, on April 27, 1917, another German destroyer squadron attacked Ramsgate, killing two civilians before they were driven off by land batteries. During another engagement a few days later between British light cruisers and destroyers and eleven German destroyers off Holland, one German boat was damaged.

Both Calais and Dunkirk were bombarded by German destroyers. In the former town some civilians were killed. As a result of the attack on Dunkirk one French destroyer was sunk.

On May 10, 1917, a squadron of eleven German destroyers about to sail out of Zeebrugge was attacked by a British naval force and forced back into the former Belgian harbor, then serving as a German naval base. Two days later, May 12, 1917, the same British force assisted by an air squadron successfully attacked Zeebrugge, destroying two submarine sheds and killing sixty-three persons.

During May, 1917, it was also announced that American warships had arrived safely in British waters and had begun patrol operations in the North Sea. At about the same time Japanese warships made their appearance at Marseilles to assist in the war against submarines operating off the French coast.

On May 15, 1917, Austrian light cruisers operating in the Adriatic Sea, sunk fourteen British mine sweepers, torpedoed the British light cruiser Dartmouth, and sunk an Italian destroyer.

An engagement occurred between a French and a German torpedo-boat flotilla on May 20, 1917, during which one of the French boats was damaged. A few days later British warships bombarded Ostend and Zeebrugge. Six German destroyers engaged in a running fight with a British squadron, as a result of which one German destroyer was sunk and another damaged. On May 29, 1917, a Russian squadron, operating along the Anatolian (south) coast of the Black Sea bombarded four Turkish-Armenian ports and destroyed 147 sailing vessels carrying supplies.

Thirteen Bulgarian ships successfully bombarded the Greek port of Kavala, then occupied by Allied forces.

Fort Saliff on the Red Sea was captured by British warships. Fort Saliff is a Turkish fortress on the Arabian coast of the Red Sea.

Nothing of importance happened during June, 1917.

Early in July, 1917, a German submarine bombarded Ponta Delgada in the Azores, but was beaten off by ships lying in the harbor, including an American transport.

On July 17, 1917, it was announced that British destroyers had attacked a flotilla of German merchant ships on their way from the Dutch port of Rotterdam to Germany, sinking four and capturing four others.

Mines, submarines, and explosions also made inroads on the naval establishments of the various belligerents. During February, 1917, the Russian cruiser Rurik was damaged by a mine in the Gulf of Finland. On February 28, 1917, a French torpedo destroyer was sunk by a submarine in the Mediterranean.

On March 19, 1917, the French warship Danton was torpedoed in the Mediterranean, 296 of her crew having perished.

A mine was responsible for the sinking of a British destroyer on May 4, 1917, causing the loss of one officer and sixty-one men.

Mines also were responsible for the sinking of the French armored cruiser Kleber off Point St. Mathieu on June 27, 1917, with a loss of thirty-eight men, of a British destroyer and of a German torpedo boat in the North Sea, and, on June 30, 1917, of a Russian torpedo boat in the Black Sea.

A torpedo sent the British auxiliary cruiser Hilary to the bottom of the North Sea with the loss of four men, while a collision was the cause of the loss of a British torpedo boat.

On July 9, 1917, the British battleship Vanguard of the dreadnought class, 19,250 tons, was destroyed by an internal explosion while at anchor in a British port.

According to figures compiled by the New York "Times" the naval losses at the end of the third year of the war (August 1, 1917) had reached approximately the following figures: Allied navies, 120 ships with a total tonnage of 662,715; Central Powers, 122 ships with a total tonnage of 387,911.[Back to Contents]

PART XIII—WAR IN THE AIR

CHAPTER CI

AERIAL WARFARE

As the war progressed the use of aeroplanes of all kinds became more and more extensive. This was due chiefly to the wonderful progress which had been made in aeronautics, the full story of which will not be told until the end of the war has come. Not only have aeroplanes, since the beginning of the war, become safer, but they have also become marvelously swifter and more powerful. As this is being written news comes from Washington that some recently imported very big and powerful Italian aeroplanes have made successfully a flight from Newport News to the Federal capital—a distance of some 150 miles—at the rate of 135 miles per hour and carrying ten passengers. This is typical of the recent development in the science of flying.

The result of this development has been the more varied uses to which aeroplanes are now being put. Not only do they continue to act as observers of hostile positions and movements and as guides to artillery operations, but they have also come into vogue as offensive weapons. With increased carrying capacity and extended radius of action it has become possible to utilize aeroplanes extensively for the bombardment of important positions or localities far behind hostile lines. Even for the purpose of hunting down and destroying submarines aeroplanes are being used to-day, and frequently they cooperate with naval forces in strictly offensive operations.

The six months' period covering February, 1917 to August, 1917, therefore, shows the greatest activity of the various aerial forces since the beginning of the war. On the other hand there has been a greater lack of news and an extreme scarcity of details concerning aerial operations than ever before. However, in spite of this latter condition, it is possible to state that aeroplanes were used more frequently and more extensively than ever before on all fronts, especially the western front. From such reports as are available it appears that the combined English and French aerial forces have become superior, both in number and in efficiency, to those of Germany. The latter, however, have maintained a remarkably high standard.

It is impossible from the reports which are available to give anything like a complete history of aerial warfare during the period from February to August, 1917. Throughout February, 1917, English, French, German, Italian, Russian, and Austrian aeroplanes were extensively employed wherever and whenever conditions permitted. Furnes in Flanders was one of the places frequently bombed by German aeroplanes, while British planes with even greater frequency visited the harbor of Bruges (Zeebrugge) where heavy damage was inflicted on German torpedo boats, docks, and railway lines. Zeebrugge is the German submarine base in Belgium.

On February 10, 1917, aeroplanes were especially active on the western front. German machines unsuccessfully attacked Nancy and Pont St. Vincent. During the same night French air squadrons visited many places in Lorraine and bombed factories at Hauts Fourreaux, La Sarre, Hagodange, Esch, and Mezières-les-Metz. A fire was caused in the neighborhood of the Arnaville station. The aviation ground at Colmar and the fort of Zeebrugge were likewise bombarded.

February 13, 1917, was an especially active day for Russian aeroplanes on the eastern front. They dropped bombs on the Povursk railway station, east of Kovel, and on the depots north of the Povursk station. Bombs were dropped on the station at Rodenrois, east of Riga; on the little town of Lihinhof, in the vicinity of Friedrichstadt; on Valeika, the village of Sviatica, north of Vygonov Lake, south of Kiselin; on Radzivilov, and in the regions south of Brody.

On the same day French and German aviators were busily attacking many places on the western front. A German aviator dropped bombs on Dunkirk. There were no victims and no damage was done. In the vicinity of Pompey, Meurthe-et-Moselle, bombs were dropped. Two civilians were killed and two were wounded. Nancy, too, was visited. During the night French air squadrons dropped projectiles on aviation grounds at Etreillers (Aisne), and Rancourt (Somme), on the railway stations at Athies, Hombleux, Voyenne, Curchy, St. Quentin, and Ham; and also on manufactories east of Tergnier, where several explosions occurred.

Similar activities were reported almost daily, and of course observation flights were made continuously by the aerial forces of all the belligerents.

On February 25, 1917, a French dirigible was shot down by German antiaircraft guns near Weelferdingen, west of Saargemund, in Lorraine. It was completely destroyed and its entire crew of fourteen perished.

On February 28, 1917, the German admiralty made the following announcement:

"In the northern Ægean Sea a German seaplane successfully dropped bombs on a hostile transport. Notwithstanding the fact that it was fired on by artillery and pursued by two enemy aeroplanes, the seaplane returned safely."

This well illustrates the superiority which aeroplanes had achieved when they could, far from their base, successfully attack steamships guarded in every possible way.

During the great advance of the Allied troops in France in March, 1917, unusual activity in the air played an important part. This was especially the case on March 17, 1917, when the British either destroyed or damaged sixteen German planes, the French ten, and the Germans accounted for a total of twenty-two British and French machines. At this time aeroplanes were active not only in reconnaissance work, but even attacked with bombs and machine guns smaller units of the retreating Germans. The British official report covering March 18, 1917, for instance, contains the following passage: "Our aeroplanes did much valuable work yesterday in cooperation with our infantry. Enemy troops were engaged successfully with machine guns, and bombs were dropped on a number of places behind the enemy lines," while the French report says: "During the evening of March 17 and the following night a French air squadron bombarded the factories and blast furnaces at Thionville and in the Briey Valley, as well as certain convoys of enemy troops which were marching in the region of Guiscard."

The same kind of aerial activity was an almost daily occurrence during April, 1917. The last days of that month, however, were red-letter days for military aeronautics. On April 29, 1917, the British claimed to have winged twenty German machines, while the Germans stated that they had shot down during April 28 and 29, 1917, a total of thirty-four British and French planes.

Again on May 7, 1917, the British accounted for fifteen German machines, while the French claimed to have brought down during the week May 1 to 7, 1917, seventy-six German aeroplanes, of which twenty-five were known to have been destroyed.

During the last days of May, 1917, Allied aeroplanes were especially active in Belgium. On May 26 and 30, 1917, Hest, Blankenberghe, Zeebrugge, and Ghent were attacked and considerable damage was inflicted on railway stations, docks, and other buildings of military value.

Again on June 4, 1917, British aeroplanes attacked and severely damaged German vessels in Zeebrugge.

French airmen were busy, too, in June, 1917. The French War Office on June 21, 1917 published the following statement covering their activities:

"Fourteen aeroplanes and a German captive balloon were destroyed on our front in the period from June 8 to 20. Eleven of these machines were brought down by our pilots during aerial combats, and three of them by the fire of our machine or antiaircraft guns. In addition, seven enemy machines seriously damaged fell in our lines.

"In the same period our squadrons effected numerous sorties. They bombarded notably the railroad station at Bensdorf, factories at Hayatge-Jesuf at Moyeuvre, blast furnaces at Burbach and in the Saar Valley, railroad stations at Bethienville, Châtelet-sur-Retourne, Bethel, Mezières, Charleville, and Molshelm; the bivouacs in Suippes Valley, and munitions depots in the region of Laon, etc. Thirteen thousand kilograms of projectiles were dropped during the expeditions, which caused serious damage to enemy establishments."

British, French, and German air squadrons continued their activities throughout June and July, 1917. July 12, 1917, was particularly successful for the British airmen, who claimed to have brought down near Ypres thirty-one German planes without loss to their own forces.

On the Russian and Italian fronts and in the Balkans and the Near East aerial activities were slightly fewer and less extensive than on the western, due to the difference in conditions, such as the greater scarcity of machines and the greater distance from the source of supplies.

A novel use of aeroplanes was made after the entrance of the United States into the war. On April 4, 1917, it was stated that British and French aviators dropped large numbers of German translations of President Wilson's war message over the German lines and Italian aviators did the same over the Austrian lines.

On a few occasions aircraft violated the neutrality of countries adjoining belligerent territory. In one case a French aeroplane dropped bombs on a Swiss town. A prompt and complete apology on the part of the French Government followed. On March 13, 1917, Dutch troops shot down a German plane which had flown over Sluis in Holland, ten miles northeast of Burges. Before they could capture the aviator, he succeeded in restarting his machine and in making his escape to the German lines. On June 1, 1917, a Zeppelin appeared first over Swedish territory near Malmö and then over Danish territory south of Copenhagen. Swedish torpedo boats and Danish troops fired on it successively and it quickly disappeared in a southerly direction.

One remarkable enterprise of Russian airmen was reported officially on April 3, 1917, from Petrograd and deserves, on account of its highly adventurous nature, detailed repetition. The statement read: "On the Black Sea on March 27, 1917, during a raid by our seaplanes on Derkas, one of them was hit by the enemy. The petrol tank being punctured, the machine was compelled to descend.

"The aviators, Lieutenant Sergeev and Sublieutenant Thur, seeing a Turkish schooner, attacked it by opening machine-gun fire. The crew thereupon left the schooner. Our aviators, having sunk their machine after taking from it the compass, machine gun, and valuable belongings, boarded the schooner and set sail for our shores.

"They encountered a heavy storm during their adventure, but arrived with the schooner at the Duarlidatch Peninsula, west of Perekop, on Sunday. From this place our aviators returned to Sebastopol on a torpedo boat. The only provisions available on the schooner consisted of a few pieces of bread and a little fresh water."

Naturally interest in the activities of American airmen in the French service continued unabated. They continued to cover themselves with glory. During the second half of May, 1917, members of the Lafayette Escadrille engaged in twenty-five combats with German machines. Adjutant Raoul Lufbery was engaged five times, Sergeant Willis Haviland (Minneapolis) twice, Sergeant Dovell three times, Corporal Thomas Hewitt (New York) twice, and Corporal Kenneth Marr (San Francisco) twice.

As a result of these activities an official report announced the decoration of Adjutant Lufbery with the Military Medal by the King of England, and cited the meritorious conduct of this aviator and also of Sergeant Haviland, Sergeant Charles Johnson (St. Louis), and Lieutenant William Thaw (Pittsburgh).

In June, 1917, the American aviators flying under the French flag were even more active. In the short period from June 10 to 16, 1917, they made fifty-four patrol flights and fought nine air battles, of which Adjutant Raoul Lufbery, Edwin Parsons, and Sergeant Robert Soubiran each fought two, and Stephen Bigelow, Sergeant Walter Lowell and Thomas Hewitt each fought one.

Unfortunately death claimed two American flyers. On April 16, 1917, Pilot Edmond C. C. Genet of Ossining, N. Y., was killed during a fight with a German aeroplane over French territory. Genet was twenty years old and was the great-great-great-grandson of Governor Clinton and the great-great-grandson of Citizen Genet, who was French Minister in the days of Washington. He had originally fought in the Foreign Legion, but had later been transferred to the aviation service.

In March, 1917, Sergeant J. R. McConnell, also a member of the Escadrille, had been killed in action. On May 24, 1917, it was announced that the commander of the Escadrille, Captain de Laage of the French army, had been killed while flying near Ham on the Somme front.

Another death of interest to this country and caused by aerial operations was that of H. E. M. Suckley of Rhinebeck, N. Y., who was in charge of a unit of the American Ambulance Field Service. He was wounded while on duty near Saloniki by an aeroplane bomb and died the following day. He was thirty years old and had been with the Ambulance Service almost from the beginning of the war, first in the Vosges, then at Pont-à-Mousson, and finally with General Sarrail's army.

Regarding the losses suffered by the various aerial forces, authentic information available is very scant and incomplete. Up to February 1, 1917, the Germans claimed to have destroyed 1,002 Allied aeroplanes and to have put out of commission a total of 1,700, valued at $12,500,000. During April, 1917, according to the London "Times," a total of 714 machines was brought down on the western front. These were distributed as follows: German machines, 366; British, 147; French and Belgian, 201. Of the 366 German aeroplanes brought down 269 fell to the British, ninety-five to the French, and two to the Belgians. British airmen accounted for 263 German aeroplanes and antiaircraft gunners for six. On the other hand the Germans admitted the loss of only seventy-four machines, but claimed to have brought down 362 Allied aeroplanes and twenty-nine captive balloons.

During May, 1917, according to London newspapers, 713 aeroplanes were brought down on the western front. Of these 442 were said to have been German and 271 French and British.[Back to Contents]

CHAPTER CII

AIR RAIDS

The second phase of aerial warfare was represented by the raids carried out by the various belligerents over enemy territory at a considerable distance from the actual theaters of war. In these operations the Germans, as in the past, were the most active and England was the greatest sufferer. But unlike their previous custom, the Germans, during the period from February to August, 1917, used aeroplanes more frequently than Zeppelins.

On February 25, 1917, British naval aeroplanes raided iron-works near Saarbrücken in Rhenish Prussia, about fifty miles beyond the border.

On March 1, 1917, one German plane bombed Broadstairs, an English watering place on the island of Thanet off the Kentish coast.

During the night of March 4-5, 1917, French aeroplanes bombed Freiburg-im-Breisgau (Black Forest) and Kehl near Strassburg.

German airships bombed the southeastern counties of England during the night of March 16-17, 1917. Margate was attacked by a German seaplane at the same time. One of the Zeppelins was brought down later by French antiaircraft guns near Compiègne, northeast of Paris, its entire crew being killed.

A French aeroplane bombed Frankfort-on-the-Main on March 17, 1917, causing only little damage.

On April 5, 1917, a German aeroplane again bombed the Kentish coast town without causing any damage.

Freiburg-im-Breisgau was once more the object of an attack by English aeroplanes, made, as announced later, in reprisal for the torpedoing of British hospital ships. Ten civilians and one soldier were killed, and twenty-seven civilians, mostly women and children, wounded. Three of the British aeroplanes were shot down. Considerable damage to public buildings was caused.

On May 5, 1917, Odessa, the Russian port on the north shore of the Black Sea, was visited for the first time by a German aeroplane.

On May 14, 1917, British naval forces detected a Zeppelin in the act of approaching the English coast. The alarm was given immediately and a squadron of British seaplanes was sent after the invader. The fire from the machine gun of one of these soon reached the big airship, and before long the latter was seen to burst into flames and disappeared.

During the night of May 23, 1917, four or five Zeppelins appeared over East Anglia and penetrated some distance inland. Bombs were dropped in a number of country districts. One man was killed, but otherwise the damage was negligible.

Two days later, May 25, 1917, early in the evening, seventeen aeroplanes appeared over Folkestone on the southeast coast of England. They dropped about fifty bombs. As a result seventy-six persons were killed and 174 injured, most of them civilians, and a large percentage of these women and children. The returning German aeroplanes were pursued by machines of the British Naval Air Service from Dunkirk and attacked. Three German machines were shot down.

Again on June 5, 1917, sixteen German aeroplanes appeared over Essex and the Medway. They succeeded in dropping a large number of bombs which caused two casualties and considerable material damage and injured twenty-nine persons before antiaircraft guns and British planes drove them off. At least four German machines were shot down.

On June 11, 1917, a British patrol boat sighted five German aeroplanes off Dover. Attacking them at once, the British craft destroyed two of the machines and captured their pilots. The remaining three German machines fled.

At noon of June 13, 1917, London was subjected to the most extensive and destructive raid in its experience. In the middle of a beautiful summer day fifteen German aeroplanes appeared over London and dispatched their death-dealing burden of explosives on England's capital; 157 men, women, and children were killed, and 432 injured. Considerable material damage was caused, although the raid lasted only fifteen minutes. All but one of the German planes escaped. The East End, London's tenement district, inhabited chiefly by the poor, was the principal sufferer.

On the same day British naval forces attacked and brought down a Zeppelin in the North Sea. The airship was a total loss and apparently the entire crew perished.

On June 16, 1917, two Zeppelins attacked the East Anglian and Kentish coast. Considerable damage was done by the bombs dropped. Three deaths and injuries to about twenty people resulted. A British aeroplane succeeded in bringing down one of the Zeppelins, which, with its crew, was destroyed completely.

Three times in July, 1917, German aeroplane squadrons appeared in England. On July 4, 1917, about twelve attacked Harwich, a port in Essex; two of the planes were shot down, but not until the attackers had inflicted considerable damage, killed eleven people and injured thirty-six. Three days later, July 7, 1917, twenty aeroplanes bombed London, forty-three people were killed and 197 injured, while three of the German planes were destroyed. Again on July 22, 1917, fifteen to twenty German aeroplanes reached the English coast. Felixstowe and Harwich were raided. Eleven persons were killed and twenty-six injured. On the way back to their base one of the German planes was brought down off the Belgian coast.

During the third year of the war, that is from August, 1916, to August, 1917, air attacks on England caused death to 393 people and injuries to 1,174, according to figures compiled by the New York "Times." The same source claims that from the beginning of the war up to August 1, 1917, or during a period of practically three years, 751 people were killed and 2,007 injured in England as a result of German air raids, of which there were officially recorded eighteen in 1915, twenty-two in 1916, and eleven in the first seven months of 1917.

A fitting end to this chapter is the record of the deaths at the age of seventy-nine of the Zeppelin's inventor, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, which occurred at Charlottenburg on March 8, 1917, as a result of an attack of pneumonia.[Back to Contents]

INDEX

Abyssinia, Italian defeat in, I, [192]
Adige River, fighting along, V, [280]
Adige Valley, operations in, VI, [460]
Admiral Sims, commanding American destroyer flotilla, VI, [357]
Aerial combats, number of, V, [426]
Aerial maneuvering, French, IV, [55]
Aerial raids, VI, [492]
Aerodromes, attacks on, IV, [473]
Aerodromes, German, IV, [470]
Aeroplane attack by Germans on Lemnos, VI, [169]
Aeroplane coast battle, IV, [471]
Aeroplanes, losses in, VI, [255]
Aeroplanes, number of, V, [420]
Aeroplanes, western front, VI, [486]
Aeroplanes and submarines, I, [23]
Aeroplane warfare, VI, [168]-181
Aeroplane warfare on submarines, V, [414]
Africa, British possessions in, I, [181]
African coast, operations on, III, [493]
Agadir, I, [140]
Agar Khan, III, [24]
Aircraft, losses in, IV, [479]; VI, [51]
Air fighting, strategy and tactics of, IV, [459]
Air fights along the Somme, VI, [50]
Air raids on England, IV, [16]
Air raids on Paris, IV, [19]
Aisne, battle of, II, [130]-135
Aisne, counterattacks on the, VI, [248]
Alaska, garrisons in, I, [11]
Albania, Austrian advance, IV, [336]
Albania, Serbian retreat, IV, [303]
Albania, withdrawal of Serbian forces from, IV, [337]
Albanian uprising, I, [247]
Albanians, racial characteristics, I, [220]
Alcantara, merchantman, V, [59]
Alexander II, assassination, I, [152]
Alexander III and France, I, [152]
Alexandretta, III, [503]
Alexiev, General, commander in chief Russian army, VI, [429]
Algonquin, sinking of, by German submarine, VI, [317]
Allenstein, capture of, II, [437]
Allied aviators, work of, V, [421]
Allied commands in Champagne, IV, [80]
Allied demands on Greece, V, [224]-227
Allied nations, policy of, I, [105]
Allied offensive, March, 1915, IV, [45]
Allied raid, Houlthulst Forest, IV, [56]
Allies, withdrawal of, into Greece, IV, [308]
Alsace, French in, IV, [40]
Alsace-Lorraine, conditions in, I, [138]
Alsace and Lorraine, campaign in, II, [38]-45
Altkirch, capture of, IV, [40]
American airmen in France, VI, [490]
American army, I, [11]
American aviators, VI, [181], [490]
American citizens, rights of, defended by President Wilson, IV, [503]
American Commission to Russia, VI, [416]
American Congress, resolution on sinking armed merchantmen, IV, [502]
American destroyer flotilla, VI, [357]
American expedition in France, VI, [357]
American Government's assertion of neutral rights at sea, IV, [480]
American merchant marine, VI, [476]
American navy, strength of, I, [11]
American navy, work of, in foreign waters, VI, [357]
American negotiations over Ancona sinking, IV, [490]-496
American note to Austria on Ancona issue, character of, IV, [492]
American war preparations, VI, [328]
American Prussian treaties, VI, [298]
American response to German note on Sussex, V, [458]
American second note on Ancona issue, IV, [494]
American training camp in France, VI, [361]
American troops, transportation of, to France, VI, [358]
American vessels sunk, VI, [202]
American warships in European waters, VI, [482]
Anafarta Ridge, attack on, IV, [352]
Ancona, destruction of, IV, [490]
Ancona, yielding of Austria-Hungary on issue, IV, [494]
Ancre, British gains in, VI, [223]
Anglo-American trade balance, V, [52]
Anglo-Chinese conference, I, [184]
Anglo-French agreement, I, [136]
Anglo-Russian agreement, I, [136]
Anti-Catholic movement in France, I, [163]
Anti-Serbian riots, I, [260]
Antwerp, Belgian withdrawal to, IV, [40]
Antwerp, fall of, II, [167]
Anzacs, heroism of, III, [460], [462]
Appam, capture of, IV, [160]
Arabic, sinking of, IV, [150], [480]-490
Arabic, German version, IV, [483]
Arabs, assistance given British in Mesopotamia, IV, [423]
Arabs, confederation of, IV, [429]
Arbitration, failure of, I, [14]
Archibald papers, V, [11]
Area of British Empire, I, [286]
Area of France, I, [286]
Area of German Empire, I, [286]
Area of Russia, I, [286]
Argechu River, VI, [117]
Argonne, activity in, III, [158]
Argonne, campaign in, II, [193]-194
Argonne Forest, fighting in, IV, [48]
Argonne, German attacks in, in September, 1915, IV, [55]
Argonne, operations in, V, [375]
Argyll, loss of, IV, [154]
Armed-merchantman resolution, final form of, in Congress, V, [439]
Armed-merchantmen resolutions, debate in Congress, V, [434]-435
Armed neutrality, address of President Wilson, VI, [304]
Armed-shipping resolution in Congress, V, [436]
Armenian atrocities, III, [472]
Armenians, massacre of, IV, [378]
Army, American, strength of, I, [11]
Arras, Canadian victories at, VI, [56]
Arras, fourth blow by Haig, VI, [256]
Arras, operations around, IV, [127]
Arras, operations around, VI, [39]
Arras, second phase of, VI, [249]
Artillery, II, [366]
Artillery activity on the western front in September, 1915, IV, [55]
Artois, British successes in, IV, [85]
Artois, fighting in, III, [121]-128
Artois, French campaign in, IV, [85]
Artois sector, V, [373]
Asia Minor, Germany in, I, [50]
Asiago, Austrian advance, V, [256]
Asiatic Turkey, disorders in, IV, [377]
Asphyxiation from gas, I, [53]
Assassination of crown prince, Austrian report on, I, [350]
Athens, street fighting in, VI, [147]
Atkutur, battle at, III, [474]
Aubers Ridge, attacks on, III, [128]
Augustovo, Battle of, II, [444]
Ausgleich, I, [146]
Australians at Suvla Bay, IV, [356]
Australian troops at Pozières, V, [409]
Austria and Prussia, I, [127]
Austria-Hungary, American relations with, VI, [328]
Austria-Hungary, area of, I, [286]
Austria-Hungary, explanation of sinking of Ancona, IV, [465]
Austria-Hungary, position of, I, [142]
Austria-Hungary, request for recall of Dr. Dumba, V, [10]
Austrian air attacks on Italian cities, V. [291]
Austrian army, I, [309]
Austrian armies in Poland and Galicia, command of, IV, [181]
Austrian army in Serbia, IV, [259]
Austrian and Balkan nationality, I, [258]-259
Austrian captures of Durazzo, IV, [338]
Austrian note, July 27, 1914, I, [270]
Austrian counterattack, repulsed by Italians, V, [269]
Austrian defenses in Alps, IV, [394]
Austrian demands on Serbia, I, [261]-265
Austrian fleet in the Danube, VI, [97]
Austrian forces along the Italian front, increase of, V, [245]
Austrian-Italian aviators, V, [428]
Austrian-Italian front, V, [229]
Austrian losses at Lutsk, V, [159]
Austrian losses in Serbia, II, [343]
Austrian naval strength, II, [206]
Austrian note to Serbia, I, [261]
Austrian offensive in Trentino, V, [246]
Austrian offensive in Trentino, increase of, V, [235]
Austrian offensive in Volhynia, V, [138]
Austrian press, accusations, I, [353]
Austrian proposals to Rumania, III, [377]
Austrian raids on Italian coast, III, [394]
Austrian rupture with the United States, VI, [328]
Austrian squadron shells Italian coast cities, IV, [168]
Austro-German capture of Bucharest, VI, [119]
Austro-Hungarians defeated near Kuty, V, [190]
Austro-German invasion of Serbia, IV, [263]
Austro-German resistance to the Russians, VI, [73]
Austro-Hungarian press, I, [351]
Austro-Hungarian reply to Ancona note, IV, [492]
Austro-Italian line, V, [233], [234]
Austro-Russian front, III, [236]
Austro-Russian operations, resumption of, V, [133]-141
Aviators, loss among, V, [425]-426
Avlona, battle between Austrians and Italians near, V, [220]
Avlona, Italians at, IV, [327]
Avocourt Wood, German occupation of, V, [351]
Aylmer, General, IV, [446]
Azerbayan, failures in, III, [477]

Babuna Pass, resistance of Serbians, IV, [283]
Bagdad, British at, IV, [419]-425
Bagdad, expedition against, I, [62]
Bagdad, Russian advance, V, [330]
Baiburt, capture of, by Russians, V, [337]
Balfour, Arthur J., reply to Churchill, V, [61]
Balkan League, I, [248]
Balkans, conditions in, 1916, V, [212]
Balkans, countries, II, [275]-286
Balkans, diplomacy in, I, [59]
Balkans, summary of first year's conditions, IV, [255]
Baltic Sea, operations in, III, [191]
Ban-de-Sapt, attacks on, III, [164]
Bapaume, capture of, VI, [232]
Basra, capture of, II, [508]
Battle cruisers, British, lost in Jutland naval battle, V, [90]-91
Battle cruisers, importance of, I, [21]
Battle line on eastern front, II, [262]
Battle line on the eastern front in the spring of 1916, V, [116]
Battleships and fortifications, I, [24]
Battleships, advantages of, I, [21]
Battleships at Jutland battle, V, [80]
Bavarians, bravery of, at Eaucourt, VI, [30]
Beatty, Admiral, movements at Jutland naval battle, V, [75]-78
Beaucourt, attacks on, VI, [218]
Beaumont, abandonment of, by French, IV, [142]
Belgian coast, bombardment of, by British fleet, IV, [60], [112]
Belgian neutrality, I, [276]
Belgian neutrality, unity of powers, I, [476]
Belgian territory, alleged violation of, I, [283]
Belgian envoys, visit of, to United States, VI, [352]
Belgian withdrawal, IV, [40]
Belgium, American lessons from, I, [12]
Belgium appealed to powers guaranteeing neutrality, I, [384]
Belgium, area of, I, [287]
Belgium, location of, I, [197]
Belgium, attacks in, July, VI, [279]
Belgium, German attacks on the French lines in, VI, [250]
Belgium, operations in, VI, [61]
Belgium, German proposals to, I, [281]
Belgrade, bombardment of, IV, [265]
Belgrade, capture of, II, [347], [353]
Belgrade, riot following assassination of crown prince, I, [346]
Benckendorff, A., I, [320]
Berchtold, L., I, [324]
Berlin, Treaty of, I, [228]
Bernhardi, I, [83]
Bertie, Sir Francis, I, [317]
Bethlehem, efforts to start munition strikes in, V, 9
Bethmann-Hollweg, I, [323]
Bethmann-Hollweg, circular letter to powers, I, [368]
Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in Reichstag, I, [498]
Beyers, General, III, [70]
Bieberstein, Marshal von, II, [496]
Bight, Battle of, II, [208]
Bismarck Archipelago, II, [243]
Bismarck, growth of power of, I, [127]
Bismarck, retirement of, I, [134]
Bitlis, massacre at, IV, [378]
Bitlis, occupation of, by Russians, V, [293]
Blockade against Germany, III, [181]
Blücher, sinking of, II, [255]
Bolimow, fighting around, II, [470]
Bombs in trenches, I, [74]
Bosnia, annexation of, I, [147]
Bosnia, fighting in, II, [360]
Botha, General, III, [74]
Boy-Ed, Karl, activities, V, [14]
Brabant, abandonment of, by French, IV, [140]
Bregalnitza, battle of, I, [257]
Bremen, exploits of, VI, [190]
Brenta River, fighting along, V, [278]
Brescia, bombardment of, IV, [468]
Breslau, II, [494]
Brest-Litovsk, II, [447]
Brest-Litovsk, capture of, IV, [196]
Briand, resignation of, I, [170]
British in Macedonia, VI, [135]
British advance on Arras, VI, [251]
British aerodromes, IV, [473]
British air raids, IV, [18]
British, mobilization of, I, [304]
British attack around Lens, IV, [82]
British attacks on the Stuff Redoubt, VI, [49]
British attacks on Zeebrugge, VI, [482]
British cabinet declaration, I, [473]
British declaration of war against Germany, I, [283]
British East Africa, I, [180]
British Empire, area of, I, [286]
British expeditionary force, II, [34]
British expeditionary force landing in France, IV, [40]
British fleet shells Zeebrugge, V, [67]
British forces, disposition of, V, [380]
British and French offensive, VI, [27]
British and French successes, VI, [17]
British gains on the Somme, VI, [14]
British guns at Gallipoli, IV, [359]
British losses at Jutland naval battle, V, [94]-98
British losses to 1916, IV, [117]
British navy, effect on war, I, [18]
British offensive in Artois, IV, [82]
British operations south of the Ancre, VI, [39]
British policy of isolation, I, [42]
British position, August 1, 1915, IV, [46]
British position in Persia, IV, [419]
British prize court, proceedings, effect of, in United States, V, [32]
British raids on the German trenches, VI, [32], [39], [57]
British reverses in Belgium, VI, [281]
British seizure of ships of American registry, V, [49]
British shipping, loss to, IV, [170]
British squadron bombards Belgian coast in November, 1915, IV, [112]
British statement in regard to Greece, IV, [312]-313
British successes in Artois, IV, [85]
British successes near Ypres, VI, [264]
British at Jutland battle, V, [98]-104
British troops on the Ancre, successes of, VI. [224]
British troops, suffering of, at Kut-el-Amara, V, [320]
British use of tanks, VI, [21]
Brody, battle near, IV, [204]
Bruges, occupation of, II, [168]
Brussels, surrender of, II, [31]
Brussilov, in Galicia, V, [167]
Bryan, William Jennings, connection with peace propaganda, VI, [295]
Buchanan, Sir George, interview with Sazonof, I, [376]
Bucharest, capture of, VI, [119]
Buczacz, capture of, by Russians, V, [160]
Bukoba, capture of, III, [494]
Bukowina, operations in, IV, [227]
Bukowina, Russian occupation, III, [238]
Bukowina, Russian reconquest of, V, [162]-172
Bulgar attacks on Rumania, VI, [98]-102
Bulgaria, after second Balkan war, I, [257]
Bulgaria, conditions for neutrality, IV, [257]
Bulgaria, position of, III, [370]
Bulgarian army, IV, [270]
Bulgarian bombardment of Galatz, VI, [121]
Bulgarian declaration of war on Serbia, IV, [269]
Bulgarian demands, III, [378]
Bulgarian movements in Serbia, IV, [305]
Bulgarian pursuit of Serbians, IV, [209]
Bulgarians cross Greek frontier, V, [221]
Bulgarians, defeat of, in November, 1916, VI, [138]
Bullecourt, occupation of, VI, [261]
Burian, Baron, letter of Ambassador Dumba proposing munition strikes in United States, V, [9]
Bzura, battle along, II, [492]

Cadorna, General, III, [404]
Caillette Wood, German repulse at, V, [354]
Calais, air raids on, IV, [24]
Calais, bombardment of, by destroyer flotilla, VI, [482]
California, destruction of, VI, [292]
Cambon, J., I, [328]-330
Cameroons campaign, III, [62], [481]
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir, I, [185]
Canadians at Arras, VI, [56]
Canadians' capture of Vimy, VI, [241]
Canadians, raids by, VI, [222]
Candler, Edmund, description of operations in Mesopotamia, IV, [448]
Canopus, sinking of, II, [223]
Carency, surrender of, III, [125]
Carinthian front, bombardment by Italian artillery, V, [230]
Carlos I, murder of, I, [204]
Carnic Alps, conditions in, V, [289]
Carpathian fighting, VI, [91], [442]
Carpathian Mountain passes, advance of Russians toward. V, [207]
Carpathian Mountains, II, [275]
Carpathians, campaign in, III, [235]-241
Carso Plateau, attack on, by Italian artillery, VI, [155], [464]
Castelnau, General de, II, [43]
Catholics, movement against, in France, I, [163]
Cattaro, bombardment of, II, [359]
Caucasus, campaign in, IV, [380]
Caucasus, operations in, III, [9]
Caucasus, reasons for Russian offensive against, IV, [382]
Caucasus, the, II, [286]
Cavell, Edith, case of, IV, [98]-101
Central powers, area of, I, [286]
Central powers, homogeneity of, I, [291]
Central powers, military plans of, I, [33]
Central powers, position of, on the eastern front, V, [117]-121
Champagne campaign, IV, [62]
Champagne, French in, VI, [249]
Champagne, German attacks in, March, 1917, VI, [230]
Champagne offensive, IV, [61]
Charleroi, battle of, II, [54]-59; IV, [40]
Charles Francis Joseph, Archduke, V, [249]
Chemistry in war, I, [11]
Chicago meat packers' cases, V, [47]
Chino-Russian treaty, I, [154]
Church and State, separation of, I, [168]
Churchill, Winston Spencer, V, [61]
"Circular Note" to powers, I, [270]
Citizen soldiery, training of, I, [12]
City of Memphis, sinking of, VI, [317]
Climate in Mesopotamia as a factor in war, IV, [421]
Col di Lana, attack on, V, [231]
Collo, Italian successes in, IV, [413]
Colonial beginnings of Germany, I, [133]
Colonial possessions of Great Britain, I, [174]
Combes, I, [167]
Combles, British attack on, VI, [26]
Combles, repulse of German attack on, VI, [18], [25]
Concentration camps, VI, [350]
Confederation of North German States, I, [128]
Congress, American, McLemore resolution in, IV, [505]
Congress, opposition of, to President Wilson's policies, VI, [306]
Congress, war discussion in, V, [433]-438
Constantine of Greece, IV, [341]
Constantinople, operations in, IV, [475]
Constanza, attacks on, VI, [110]
Contalmaison, capture of, V, [397]
Cossacks, II, [383]
Cossacks, repulse of Turkish troops by, V, [303]
Cotes de Meuse, attack at, V, [348]
Council of Workingmen and Soldiers, VI, [405]-410
Courcelette, capture of, by the British, VI, [23]
Courland coast, bombardment of, by Russian torpedo boats, V, [194]
Courland, invasion of, III, [337]
Courland, operations in, IV, [185]
Cracow, attack on, II, [414]-416
Craiova, capture of, VI, [114]
Craonne, capture of, VI, [256]
Craonne, German attacks on, VI, [252]
Craonne sector, operations around, July, 1917, VI, [282]
Ctesiphon, battle of, IV, [437]-443
Cumières, German attempts to retake, V, [347]
Curtain of fire, I, [74]
Cyril, Grand Duke, II, [486]
Czar of Russia, escape from aeroplane bomb, V, [429]
Czarina, influence of, VI, [373]
Czernowitz, capture of, V, [169]
Czernowitz, retreat at, II, [413]

Dankl, retreat of, II, [392]
Danube, Rumanian raid across the, VI, [102]-111
Dardanelles, aeroplanes at, I, [23]
Dardanelles campaign, abandonment of, reasons for, IV, [363]
Dardanelles, naval attacks, III, [174]-179
Dates, important, I, [325]-329
Death's Head Hussars, II, [154]
Delarey, General, III, [73]
Delcassé, Théophile, I, [319]
Deniécourt, capture of, VI, [26]
Denman, William, controversy with General Goethals, VI, [343]
Destroyers, achievements of, I, [17]
Deutschland, V, [111]-112
De Wet, General, III, [70]
Diarbekr, struggle for, V, [299]-306
Diplomacy in the Balkans, I, [59]
Diplomatic exchanges, first, I, [322]
Diplomatic papers, I, [313]
Disraeli, I, [179]
Dixmude, III, [166]
Dixmude, British and French attacks at, VI, [287]
Dixmude, German attack on, IV, [87]
Djemel Pasha, II, [500]
Doberdo, operations along, V, [232]
Dobrudja, operations in, VI, [101]
Dobrudja, situation in, October, 1916, VI, [109], [112]
Dolomite district, Italian successes in, IV, [397]
Dolomite passes, fighting in, III, [393]
Dolomites, operations in, V, [243]
Douai, aeroplane attack on, IV, [474]
Douaumont, French attempts to retake, V, [363]
Douaumont, French recapture of, VI, [34]
Douaumont, German attack at, V, [344]
Dresden, German raider, III, [182]
Dreyfus affair, I, [165]
Dubno, fortress, capture of, V, [161]
Dubno, fortress, strength of, IV, [210]-211
Dukla Pass, fighting at, III, [261]
Duma, defiance of czar by, VI, [389]
Duma, disturbance in, VI, [394]
Duma, inability of, to meet crisis, VI, [392]
Duma, meeting of, in 1916, VI, [383]
Dumba, Dr., explanation of efforts to V, [9]
Dumba, Dr., recall of, by Austro-Hungarian government, V, [11]
Dunajec, battle of, III, [267], [273]
Dunkirk, bombardment of, by German destroyers, VI, [482]
Durazzo, Austrian capture of, IV, [328]
Durazzo, evacuation of, IV, [414]
Dvina, crossing, by Russians, VI, [89]
Dvina, Russian attempt to cross, VI, [80]
Dvinsk, fighting around, IV, [213]
Dvinsk, fortress, strength of, IV, [214]
Dvinsk, Russian bombardment around, V, [143]

E-13, British submarine, IV, [153]
Eastern battle front, conditions in spring of 1916, V, [116]
Eastern front, winter on the, IV, [250]-254
Eastern front, winter on the, VI, [93], [121]-124
East Prussia, devastation in, winter battles in, III, [313], [317]
Eaucourt l'Abbaye, British capture of, VI, [28]
Edea, capture of, III, [67]
Edward VII, I, [182]
Effectiveness, naval, I, [19]
Egypt, attack on, III, [15]
Egypt, Turkish attack on, III, [507]
El Kantara, fighting at, IV, [10]
Emden, career of, II, [226]
Emden, story of, III, [193]-205
Emmich, General von, II, [18]
England, air raids on, IV, [21]
England, east coast, attacked by German Zeppelins, II, [460]
Enver Pasha, II, [499]
Epine de Vedegrange sector, movements in, IV, [68]-70
Erzerum, beginning of Russian advance toward, IV, [383]
Erzerum, evacuation of, IV, [389]
Erzerum, operations around, III, [9]
Erzerum, Turkish losses at, IV, [391]
Erzerum, Turkish plan for defense of, IV, [387]
Erzingan, capture of, by Russians, V, [339]
Erzingan, Russian advance, V, [294]
Espionage Bill, divisions of, VI, [338]
Explosions at Messines, VI, [267]
Explosives, quantity of, I, [68]
Exports, embargo on, VI, [341]
Eydtkuhnen, attack on, III, [317]

Falkenhayn, stroke of, VI, [113]
Falklands, battle off, II, [230]
Fallières, M., I, [168]
Far eastern problem in 1910, I, [140]
Farman speed plane, V, [421]
Fashoda, I, [166]
Faure, Felix, death of, I, [166]
Fay, Robert, activities of, V, [15]
Federal control for militia, I, [13]
Ferdinand, King, decision to join central powers, IV, [257]
Festubert, battle of, III, [128]-134
Fighting on western front, August, 1915, character of, IV, [47]
Finland, disturbances in, I, [156]
Fire, curtain of, I, [74]
Fire of machine guns, I, [67]
First Ontario regiment, III, [143]
First year's operations on eastern front, summary of, IV, [174]-178
First year's operations on the western front, summary of, IV, [39]-46
Fisher, Sir John, V, [61]
Flags, neutral use of, III, [173]
Flame jets, German use of, on the Somme, VI, [20]
Flame projectors, German use of, IV, [58]
Flanders, extensive operations in, VI, [286]
Flanders sector, operations in, V, [376]
Flers, capture of, by British, VI, [23]
Fleury, German repulse at, V, [368]
Floods on the eastern front, effect of, V, [141]
Foch, General, II, [122]
Ford peace expedition, V, [53]
Ford permanent peace board, V, [55]
Foreign policy of Russia, I, [151]
Foreign trade of Germany, I, [49]
Forges, German occupation of, V, [345]
Fortifications, land, and battleships, I, [24]
France, declaration of war, I, [281]
Francis Ferdinand, assassination of, I, [260]
Franco-Bulgarian operations, IV, [317]-318
Franco-Prussian War, I, [128]-129
Franco-Russian friendship, I, [154]
Franz Ferdinand, diplomatic exchanges in regard to assassination, I, [341]
Frederick III, accession of, I, [134]
French, Sir John, II, [34]
French, Sir John, relieved of command, IV, [115]
French advance in the Champagne VI, [231]
French aerial maneuvering, IV, [55]
French and British envoys, visit of, VI, [351]
French armies, mobilization of, I, [297]-303
French attack on Douaumont, account of, V, [342]-344
French attacks in the Vosges in July and August, 1915, IV, [51]
French attack on Souchez, IV, [84]
French aviators, activity in December, 1915, and January, 1916, IV, [475]
French aviators bombard Saarbrücken, IV, [48]
French battle plane, V, [429]
French campaign in Artois, IV, [46]
French colonial expansion, I, [164]
French fleet at Kronstadt, I, [154]
French General Staff, V, [355]
French in Alsace, IV, [40]
French indemnity to Germany, I, [130]
French in North Africa, I, [136]
French influence on Dardanelles campaign, IV, [365]
French occupation of Tunis, I, [163]
French offensive, VI, [13]
French progress in 1917, VI, [248]
French strength in 1917, VI, [290]
French troops in Serbia, IV, [279]
Fresnoy, German success at, VI, [259]
Fricourt, British attack upon, V, [393]

Galatz, bombardment of, VI, [121]
Galicia, operations in, IV, [185]
Gallipoli, concentration of Turkish troops at, IV, [357]
Gallipoli, conditions in, August, 1915, IV, [345]
Gallipoli, landing on, III, [429]-469
Gallipoli, Peninsula of, II, [285]
Gallipoli, withdrawal from, IV, [366]
Garua, capture of, III, [483]
Gas, use and effects of, I, [53]
Gas attack at Hooge, III, [148]
Gastein Alliance, I, [132]
George V, accident to, IV, [102]-103
Gerard, Ambassador, request for passport from German Government, VI, [297]
German achievement in two years of war; statement by Mumm von Schwarzenstein, V, [508]-509
German aeroplanes, VI, [488]
German airdrome, VI, [170]
German and Austrian merchandise prohibited in Italy, IV, [410]
German answer to American note on Sussex, V, [447]
German armies in Poland, IV, [181]
German armies, I, [292]
German army in Belgium, II, [10]
German artillery, II, [264]
German attacks at Verdun, VI, [58]
German attacks in Rumania, cessation of, VI, [120]
German attacks near Dvinsk, V, [184]
German capture of Craiova, VI, [114]
German casualties in the Somme offensive, VI, 9
German claims of losses by submarines, VI, [478]
Germans on the Aisne, VI, [248]
German counterattacks on the Somme, VI, [16]
Germans before Kovel, V, [178]-183
German declaration of intentions toward Belgium, I, [487]
German declaration of war, I, [278]
German defenses of Messines Ridge, VI, [265]
German edict against armed merchantmen, V, [50]
German Empire, creation of, I, [130]
German forces, disposition of, in the Somme sector, V, [378]
German forces in Serbia, IV, [259]
German foreign policy, I, [136]
German foreign trade, I, [49]
German intrigues in Mexico, VI, [312]
German invasion of Luxemburg, I, [33]
German losses, IV, [79]-80
German losses at Jutland, V, [94]-98
German losses in Russo-German campaign, II, [482]
German merchant ships, V, [60]
German naval policy, I, [46]
German Navy League, I, [141]
German offensive, IV, [79]
German plots, in United States, in autumn and winter of 1915, V, [12]
German position in 1915, IV, [46]
German prisoners, VI, [217]
German proposals to Belgium, I, [280]
German raiders, damage by, III, [183]
German raids on England, VI, [482]
German rupture with the United States, VI, [205]-216
German Samoa, II, [242]
German Southwest Africa, III, [68]
German steamers, requisition by Italian government, IV, [412]
German submarines, VI, [202]
German submarine campaign, IV, [166]
German submarine decree on the United States, VI, [291]
German submarine war zone, VI, [205]
German tactics at Jutland, V, [104]
German trenches, raids on, VI, [32]
German version of the sinking of the Arabic, IV, [484]
German vessels interned, VI, [329]
Germany yielding to America, V, [451]
Germany in Asia Minor, I, [50]
Germany, Japanese declaration of war against, I, [284]
Germany's declaration of war on Russia, I, [282]
Ghent, air raids on, IV, [34]
Ginchy, German operations, VI, [16]
Givenchy, operations around, III, [187]
Gladstone, I, [179]
Goeben, German cruiser, II, [494]
Gore, Senator, V, [436]
Goritz bridgehead, V, [231]
Goritz, capture of, VI, [149]
Goritz, operations around, VI, [466]
Gorizia, attacks on, III, [408]
Gorringe, General, V, [314]
Goschen, Sir Edward, I, [431]
Gough, Sir Hubert, VI, [59]
Gouraud, General, succeeded by General Sarrail, IV, [52]
Government in Russia, VI, [395]
Grand Duke Sergius, murder of, I, [157]
Great Britain in Persia, I, [185]
Greece, attitude of, IV, [280]
Greek forces, V, [223]
Greek frontier, V, [214]
Greek government, attacked by Venizelos, IV, [311]
Greek fleet, seizure of, VI, [137]
Greek Macedonia, revolt in, VI, [128]
Greek provisional government declares war on Germany, VI, [144]
Greek troops surrender of, VI, [129]
Grévillers, capture of, by British, VI, [230]
Grey, Sir Edward, I, [281], [316]
Grey, Sir Edward, note to American government, V, [30]
Grodno, fall of, IV, [187]
Guillemont, British attack on, VI, [12]

Haig, Sir Douglas, promoted to commander in chief, VI, [59]
Haig, Sir Douglas, succeeds Sir John French, IV, [116]
Haldane, R. B., I, [315]
Halicz, battle of, III, [249]
Halicz, capture of, by Russians, VI, [437]
Hamilton, Sir Ian, plans of, III, [437]
Hamilton, Sir Ian, report of Gallipoli operations, IV, [362]
Hampshire, cruiser, loss of, V, [108]
Harrington, German raids on, IV, [149]
Hartmannsweilerkopf, III, [115]
Hartmannsweilerkopf, IV, [123]
Haucourt-Malancourt, V, [351]
Haumont, capture of, IV, [137]
Herbecourt, capture of, V, [390]
Hermannstadt, attack on, VI, [105]
Herzegovina, annexation of, I, [147]
Hill 304, battle of, V, [361]-371
Hill 185, capture of, VI, [229]
Hill 304, German attacks on, VI, [61]
Hindenburg, General von, II, [439]
Hindenburg, Von, offensive, V, [164]
Hohenzollern, redoubt, V, [373]
"Holy War," III, [21]
Home Rule Bill in Ireland, I, [43]
Hooge, operations at, III, [146]-151
Hoover, Herbert C, named food administrator, VI, [335]
Hostages at Gallipoli, French and British, IV, [359]
Housatonic, sunk, VI, [292]
House of Commons, Sir E. Grey's statement, I, [490]
Hulluch, operations around, IV, [92]
Humin, battle of, II, [470]
Hungarian frontier, VI, [103]

Illinois, sunk by submarine, VI, [317]
Illuxt, Russian offensive near, V, [186]
India, Russian invasion of, I, [62]
Internal policy of Bismarck, I, [133]
Ireland, situation in, I, [43]
Irles, capture of by British, VI, [229]
Isolation, British, I, [42]
Isonzo, battles of, VI, [470]
Isonzo front, Italian activity, V, [267]
Isonzo frontier, battle on, IV, [394]
Isonzo front, operation on, VI, [149]
Ispaha, capture of, V, [334]
Isvolsky, A. P., I, [320]
Italian aeroplane service, IV, [469]
Italian Alpine troops, V, [268]
Italian army, strength of, III, [388]
Italian cities shelled, IV, [168]
Italian front, VI, [452]
Italian landing at Avlona, IV, [327]
Italian losses, offensive, V, [257]
Italian navy, operations of, IV, [168]
Italian objective in Istria, IV, [417]
Italian offensive, VI, [468]-473
Italian retreat in Trentino, V, [253]
Italian strategy, III, [382]
Italian Third Army, IV, [393]
Italian war loans, IV, [411]
Italo-Turkish War, I, [195]
Italy, neutrality of, I, [281]
Ivangorod, capture of, III, [365]
Ivangorod, fighting around, II, [458]

Jablonica, Russian advance against, V, [206]
Jablonitza, evacuation of, by Russians, VI, [75]
Jacobstadt, Russian attack on, V, [126]
Jagow, von G., I, [323]
Japan and Russia, friendly relations between, V, [61]
Japanese declaration of war against Germany, I, [283]
Jaroslov, recapture of, II, [411]
Jellicoe, Admiral, V, [78]-94
Jellicoe, Admiral, report by, V, [90]
Jewish persecutions in Russia, I, [153]
Joffre, General, II, [38]
Joffre, General, IV, [41], [61], [115]
Joffre, General, order before Champagne offensive, IV, [61]
Joffre, plan of retreat, IV, [41]
Judenich, General, IV, [385]
Julian front, battles along, VI, [462]
Jusserand, J. J., statement in regard to second anniversary of the war, V, [504]
Jutland Bank, battle of, V, [70]-108
Jutland, engagement off, IV, [150]

Kaiser and King of Belgium, I, [341]
Kaiser Wilhelm Canal, I, [135]
Kalkfield, capture of, III, [489]
Kalusz, capture of, VI, [439]
Kantara, aeroplane raid on, V, [431]
Kara-Urgau, battle of, III, [12]
Kars, attacks on, III, [471]
Kasr-i-Shirin, capture of, V, [334]
Katshanik Pass, IV, [293]
Kerensky, Alexander, assumption of supreme command in Russia, VI, [412]
Kermanshah, capture of, V, [332]
Kheyr-ed Din Barbarossa, IV, [148]
Kiao-chau, I, [285]
King Edward VII, loss of, IV, [164]
King Humbert, I, [192]
King of Montenegro, IV, [330]
Kitchener, Earl, II, [34]
Kitchener, Earl, death of, V, [108]
Kluck, Von, retreat of, II, [12]
Knight, Rear Admiral, I, [17]
Kolomea, capture of, V, [192]
Königsberg, fighting around, II, [479]
Kossovo plain, IV, [297]-298
Kovel, resistance near, V, [167]
Kovel, Russian attacks on, VI, [86]
Kovno, capture of, IV, [183]
Koziowa, attacks on, III, [246]
Kragujevatz, capture of, IV, [280]
Krasnik, battle of, III, [348]
Krithia, attacks on, III, [454]
Kronprinz Wilhelm, cruiser, II, [226]
Kronprinz Wilhelm, raider, III, [187]
Kronstadt, French fleet at, I, [154]
Kronstadt, mutiny, VI, [414]
Kuropatkin, General, V, [120]
Kut-el-Amara, V, [307]
Kut-el-Amara, British stand at, IV, [444]
Kut-el-Amara, surrender of, III, [502]
Kuty, capture of, V, [185]

La Bassée, attacks on, II, [178]-192
La Boisselle, attack upon, V, [385]
Labor Peace Council, organization of, V, [24]
Labyrinth, attacks on, III, [122]-123
Labyrinth, IV, [108]
Laconia, destruction of, VI, [293]
Lafayette Escadrille, VI, [490]
Lake Nyassa, battle on, II, [243]
Lansing, Secretary, VI, [294]
La Provence, sinking of, IV, [172]
Ledro Valley, operations in, V, [237]
Leman, General, II, [15]
Lemberg, capture of, II, [387]
Lemberg, drive against, VI, [70]-76
Lemberg, V, [163]
Lenine, influence of, in Russia, VI, [408]
Le Mesnil, German attacks, IV, [107]
Lens, attack around, IV, [82]
Lens, conditions in, VI, [245]
Les Eparges, fighting at, III, [118]
Liberty Bond Loan, VI, [344]
Lichnowsky, K. M., I, [323]
Liege, capture of, II, [22]
Liege forts, fall of, IV, [39]
Linievka, capture of, V, [190]
Lipa River, crossing of, V, [207]
Lloyd-George, David, I, [185]
Lombaertzyde, III, [156]
London, air attacks on, VI, [174]
London, Zeppelin raids, IV, [29], [463]
Longueval, British recapture of, V, [408]
Loos, capture of, IV, [83]
Lorraine front, IV, [57]-58
Lorraine, German successes in, VI, [219]
Loubet, President, I, [166]
Louvain, capture of, II, [28]
Lowestoft, air raid on, IV, [22]
Lowitz, fighting around, II, [465]-467
Lukoff, capture of, IV, [194]
Lunéville, bombardment of, IV, [54]
Lusitania, crisis, IV, [502]-503
Lusitania deadlock, IV, [496]
Lusitania, sinking of, III, [185], [222]
Lutsk, capture of, IV, [202]
Lutsk, capture of, V, [158]
Lutsk fortress, strength of, IV, [210]
Lutsk, Russian attacks on, VI, [86]
Lvov, Prince George, VI, [398]
Lyman M. Law, VI, [293]
Luxemburg, bombardment of, by aeroplanes, IV, [466]
Luxemburg, invasion of, I, [280]

McLemore resolution, in House of Representatives, IV, [505]; V, [440]
McNeely, Robert N., IV, [157]
Macedonia, invasion of, IV, [277]
Macedonia, conditions in, V, [214]
Macedonia, reforms in, I, [238]
Macedonian Bulgars, II, [282]
Macedonia, Allied forces in, VI, [124]
Macedonia, Serbian advance in, VI, [132]
Mackensen, in Dobrudja, VI, [109], [115]
Madagascar, I, [164]
Maldon, air raid on, IV, [22]
Malines, Belgian control of, II, [32]
Mama Khatum, V, [335]
Mangin, General, plans of, VI, [35]
Manoury, General, II, [134]
Margate, air attack on, VI, [171]
Mariakerke, V, [431]
Maritz, Colonel, III, [70]
Marne, battle of the, II, [88]-138
Martinpuich, capture of, VI, [23]
Massiges, German attack at, IV, [124]
Massiges sector, IV, [76]
Matoppo, British ship, V, [65]
Maurepas, French capture of, VI, [15]
Maximalists, in Russia, VI, [418]
Mazurian Lakes, battles of, II, [439]
Mazurian Lakes, battles of, III, [313]
Memel, raid on, III, [334]
Merchantmen, armed, V, [60]
Merchantmen, submarine warfare on, IV, [499]
Messines Ridge, attack on, VI, [264]
Metzeral, capture of, III, [165]
Meuse, battles on the left bank of, V, [345]-348
Meuse, French successes, VI, [64]
Microphone, I, [21]
Milan, demonstrations in, III, [379]
Military operations in the Balkans, V, [214]
Military plans of Central powers, I, [33]
Military training, I, [14]
Militia under Federal control, I, [13]
Milukov, Paul, VI, [398], [413]
Minneapolis, sinking of, V, [64]
Mitrovitza, capture of, IV, [300]
Mlawa, movements before, III, [324]
Moewe, German raider, achievements of, IV, [159]
Monastir, capture of, VI, [141]-143
Monchy, capture of, VI, [242]
Monmouth, cruiser, II, [223]
Monro, Sir Charles, IV, [366]
Mons, battle of, II, [60]-68
Monte Adamello zone, V, [243]
Monte Altissimo, IV, [396]
Monte Ancora, attack on, V, [243]
Monte Barro, capture of, V, [258]
Montenegrin surrender, IV, [336]
Montenegro in the war, II, [358]-361
Montenegro, conquest of, IV, [329]
Monte Rombon, attacks on, V, [230]
Mont St. Elio, III, [121]
Morgenthau, Henry, IV, [359]
Mort Homme, battles of, V, [345], [354], [360], [362]
Motor-Zeppelins, V, [418]
Mountain fighting, VI, [159]-166
Mount Lovcen, effect of capture of, on Italian campaign, IV, [399]
Mülhausen, capture of, IV, [40]
Müller, Captain von, II, [229]
Mush, massacre at, IV, [378]
Mush, Russian capture of, III, [479]

Namur, capture of, II, [53]
Narotch Lake, V, [124]
Natal, British cruiser, destruction of, IV, [163]
National growth in Balkans, I, [258]
Nationality in Serbia, I, [259]
Naval battle of Jutland, V, [70]-108
Naval lessons of the war, I, [17]
Naval losses, IV, [143]-144; V, [113]-115; VI, [484]
Naval policy, German, I, [44]
Naval strength of Austria, II, [206]
Naval strength of Germany, II, [204]
Naval strength of Great Britain, II, [197]
Naval warfare, I, [26]; VI, [480]
Navy, American, strength of, I, [11]
Navy, British, effect on war, I, [18]
Navy, increase in personnel, VI, [362]
Navy League, German, I, [141]
Near East and Russia, I, [153]
Near Eastern question, I, [131]
Neutral shipping, loss of, IV, [170]
Neutrality of Belgium, I, [276]
Neutrality terms refused, I, [281]
Neuve Chapelle, battle of, III, [83]-92
Neuville St. Vaast, capture, III, [127]
New Zealanders, gallantry of, at Suvla Bay, IV, [356]
Nicholas II assumes command of Russian army, IV, [188]
Nicholas, Grand Duke, II, [373]; IV, [189]; VI, [490]
Nicholas, Grand Duke, transferred to the Caucasus, IV, [382]
Nicholas, King of Montenegro, IV, [330]
Nicholas II, abdication of, VI, [403]
Nicholas II, indifference to conditions, VI, [385]
Nicholas II, reply to kaiser's message, I, [440]
Niemen, operations along, III, [330]
Nieuport, attack on, III, [269]
Nihilism in Russia, I, [153]; VI, [365]
Nish, fall of, IV, [288]
Nivelle, General, victories, VI, [246]
Nixon, Sir John, available forces for capturing Bagdad, IV, [421]
North Sea, battle of, II, [252]
Notre Dame de Lorette, attacks on, III, [155]; IV, [88]
Novo Georgievsk, capture of, III, [364]; IV, [184]
Nuredin Pasha, IV, [426]
Nürnberg, II, [224]
Nyassaland, fighting in, III, [495]

Odessa, bombardment of, VI, [493]
Olti, battle of, III, [478]
Ortelsburg, capture of, II, [437]
Oslavia Heights, capture, IV, [408]
Ossowitz, bombardment of, III, [328]
Ostend, raids on, IV, [56]; VI, [173]
Otavi, battle of, III, [490]

Palembang, Dutch steamer, V, [62]
Palmer, Frederick, the world's war, I, [31]
Pan-Slavism, I, [153]
Paris, air raids on, IV, [19], [462]
Paris, arrival of American troops in, VI, [360]
Paris, siege of, I, [129]
Pashitch, N. P., I, [321]; IV, [289]
Passes, battle of, III, [241]-244
Peace of Tilsit, I, [84]
Pégoud, Alfonse, IV, [50]
Pepper Hill, successes at, V, [358]
Persia, interests in, I, [185]
Persia, British position in, IV, [419]
Péronne, V, [390]; VI, [232]
Pershing, General John J., commander of the American expeditionary force, VI, [356]
Persia, destruction of, negotiations over, IV, [500]
Persia, British steamship, sinking of, IV, [157]
Persian Gulf, importance of, II, [505]
Perthes, III, [79]; IV, [72]
Pétain, General, report on operations at Verdun, V, [358]
Peter, King of Serbia, IV, [290], [302]
Pinsk, IV, [205], [207]
Pinsk marshes, Russian successes in, V, [197]
Poland, campaigns in, II, [462]; III, [345]
Poland, Austrian, II, [272]
Political situation in Ireland, I, [43]
Political conditions in Germany, I, [53]
Portugal, sinking of, V, [64]
Portuguese seizure of German merchant ships, V, [60]
Power of Bismarck, growth of, I, [127]
Powers, Central, military plans of, I, [33]
Pourtalès, F., I, [323]
Pozières, bombardment of, VI, [11]
Pozières Wood, advance on, V, [407]
Prinz Eitel Friedrich, German raider, III, [179]
Prinzip, Gabrilo, I, [260]
Pripet Marshes, IV, [209]
Pripet Marshes, operations in, V, [152]; VI, [81]
Pro-German propaganda in United States, IV, [505]
Protopopoff, treason of, VI, [388]
Provisional Government in Russia, VI, [398]
Prussian alliance with Italy, I, [127]
Przasnysz, battles of, III, [324]
Przemysl, II, [249], [405]; III, [324]

Radautz, capture of, V, [183]
Radoslavov, Premier of Bulgaria, III, [372]
Ramsgate, air raids on, IV, [26]
Rancourt, capture of, VI, [27]
Rasputin, VI, [374]-377, [385]
Rawa-Russka, battle of, II, [395]
Régime, new, in Russia, VI, [404]
Reichstag, Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in, I, [502]
Rennenkampf, General, II, [443]
Revolution in Russia, VI, [390]
Rheims, bombardment of, II, [146]-153; III, [152]-154; VI, [237]
Rhodesia, border fighting in, III, [495]
Rifles used in different armies, I, [26]
Riga-Dvinsk sector, V, [125], [128], [204]
Riga, Gulf of, Russian torpedo boats in, V, [151]
Rockwell, Kiffin, death of, VI, [181]
Rodzianko, Michael, VI, [391]
Roosevelt, Theodore, efforts to take troops to France, VI, [335]
Root, Elihu, arrival of, in Russia as American Commissioner, VI, [417]
Rovereto, Italian attack on, IV, [396]; V, [244]
Rovno fortress, strength of, IV, [212]
Royal British Corps, loss in, V, [425]
Royal Edward, sunk, IV, [149]
Rozau, capture of, III, [361]
Ruhl, Arthur, the war correspondent, I, [113]
Rumania, III, [370]; VI, [93]-96
Rumania, neutrality of, IV, [256]
Rumanian raid across the Danube, VI, [106]-110
Russia and Great Britain in Persia, I, [185]
Russia and Japan, V, [61]
Russia and the Near East, I, [153]
Russia in European politics, I, [148]
Russian advance on the eastern front, V, [120]
Russian mobilization, I, [306]
Russian army, rehabilitation of, VI, [428]
Russian artillery activity, V, [134]
Russian attempts to extend time limit for hostilities, I, [385]
Russian autocracy, VI, [364]
Russian defeat, effect of, IV, [364]
Russian disorganization, VI, [422]
Russian fleet, mutiny, VI, [414]
Russian foreign policy, I, [151]
Russian internal troubles, I, [155]
Russian losses in August, 1915, IV, [202]-203
Russian mobilization, I, [405]
Russian offensive, VI, [431], [440]
Russian offensive in the East, V, [154]
Russian offensive, temporary lull in, V, [188]-192
Russian people and German diplomacy, I, [56]
Russian persecution of Jews, I, [153]
Russian Poland, II, [268]
Russian pursuit of Turks, V, [292]
Russian retreat, IV, [229]-239
Russian revolution, foreshadowing of, VI, [363]-365
Russian rout in Galicia, VI, [445]-447
Russian troops in Rumania, VI, [97]
Russian troops on the Black Sea coast, V, [61]
Russia's attitude on Serbia, I, [377]
Russia's strategy in East, II, [433]
Russky, General, II, [377]
Russo-German treaty, I, [319]
Russo-Japanese War, I, [155]
Russo-Turkish War, I, [132]

Saarbrücken, bombardment, IV, [48]
St. Julien, assaults on, III, [102]
St. Mihiel, salient, attacks on, III, [116]
Sakharoff, General, V, [205]
Salandra, I, [322]
Salisbury, Marquis of, I, [179]
Saloniki, II, [284]; IV, [261], [321]; V, [215], [429]
Saloniki, German air raid on, V, [216]
Saloniki, importance of, I, [61]
Saloniki, Allies at, IV, [261]
Samogneux, abandonment of, by French, IV, [137]
Samsonoff, General, II, [436]
San, battle of, III, [297]-301
San, battles of the, II, [398]
San Stefano, treaty of, I, [227]
Sarafoff, Boris, I, [242]
Sarajevo, I, [260]; II, [277]
Sari Bair, attack on, IV, [348]
Sarrail, General, commands French troops in Balkans, IV, [279]; V, [215]
Sazonov, Russian Minister, VI, [380]
Scarpe River, operations on, VI, [253]
Scarborough, raids on, II, [247]
Schiller, Ernest, V, [65]
Schleswig-Holstein, war for, I, [127]
Sea command and troop transportation, I, [24]
Selective Draft Law, VI, [346]
Semendria, bombardment of, IV, [269]
Serbia, invasion of, II, [301]; IV, [177]
Serbia, offers of peace, III, [376]
Serbian retreat to Albania, IV, [303]
Serbian army, strength of, in November, 1915, IV, [293]-294
Serbian nationality, I, [258]
Serbian reply to Austrian note, I, [265]-270
Serbian resistance at Babuna Pass, IV, [283]
Serbian troops, transport across Greek territory, V, [218]
Serbians in Macedonia, VI, [132]
Sereth River, crossing by Russian forces, V, [178]
Servetsch region, V, [146]
Sette Comuni Plateau, Italian successes on, V, [270]
Shabatz, battle of, II, [317]
Shevket Pasha, I, [244]
Shipbuilding program, VI, [343]
Shipping Board, creation of, VI, [213]
Shipping, neutral loss of, IV, [170]
Ships of American registry, seizure by British, V, [49]
Shumadia division of Serbian army, heroism of, IV, [275]
Sibert, General, with American expeditionary force, VI, [357]
Siege of Paris, I, [129]
Simonds, Frank H, summary of two years of war, V, [461]-502
Simonds, F. H., the theatres of the wars' campaigns, I, [83]
Sims, Admiral, commander of American destroyer flotilla, VI, [357]
Smith-Dorrien, General, II, [60]
Smoke screen, I, [74]
Smorgon, fighting around, V, [179]
Smorgon, operations around, VI, [80]
Soissons, operations around, V, [376]
Soldau, capture of, II, [437]
Somme, British, and French offensive on the, VI, [27]
Somme, battles of, beginning, V, [377]
Somme, conditions in situation south of, on July 9, V, [399]
Somme front, French and British gains, VI, [19]
Somme offensive, German casualties in the, VI, [9]
Somme offensive, object of Allies in, V, [377]
Somme offensive, spring of 1916, VI, [9]
Somme, second phase, V, [401]
Souain sector, IV, [71]-72
Souchez, attacks on, III, [124]-125
Souchez, Canadian raids at, VI, [222]
Souchez, French attack on, IV, [84]
Southwest Africa, British conquest of, III, [484]-493
Souville, attacks on, V, [368]
Spee, Admiral von, II, [230]
Speed plane, in warfare, V, [421]
Stambuloff, I, [233]
Stanislau, operations around, VI, [435]
Stanislau, advance on, V, [193]; VI, [72]
Steenstraete, capture of, VI, [287]
Stokhod River, V, [198]-207; VI, [76]-81, [423]
Strikes in munitions factories, planned by Germans, V, [10]
Strypa River, fighting along, IV, [223]-229
Strypa River, Russian artillery attacks along, V, [138]
St. Mihiel, French gains, VI, [231]
St. Quentin, VI, [236]
Stuff Redoubt, VI, [32], [49]
Sturmer Boris, VI, [379]
Stuttgart, bombardment of, by French aviators, IV, [60]
Styr River, IV, [223]-229; V, [178]
Submarine attacks on American transports, VI, [358]
Submarine campaign, IV, [116]
Submarine campaign against merchant ships, V, [59]
Submarine, detecting, I, [21]
Submarine, effectiveness of, I, [19]
Submarine, efficiency of, IV, [145]
Submarine negotiations, VI, [193]
Submarine warfare, III, [209]-222
Submarine warfare, VI, [182]-188
Submarine warfare in 1917, VI, [475]
Submarine warfare on armed merchantmen, IV, [499]
Submarines, aeroplane warfare on, V, [414]
Suchomlinof, V. A., I, [320]
Suez Canal, defenses of, III, [18]-19; IV, [11]
Summary of first year's operation on western front, IV, [39]-46
Sussex, sinking of, V, [63], [443]
Suvla Bay, IV, [346]-356
Suwalki, occupation of, II, [448]

Talaat Bey, II, [499]
Tanks, VI, [21], [46]
Tannenberg, battle of, II, [438]
Tarnow, battles around, III, [286]
Tergovistea, capture of, by Austro-Germans, VI, [117]
Terrorism in Russia, I, [153]
Thiepval, British successes around, VI, [17]
Tigris River, IV, [426]; V, [326]-330
Tigris valley, campaign in, V, [307]
Tilsit, peace of, I, [84]
Togoland, campaign in, III, [62]
Townshend, General, V, [311]
Trade, foreign, of Germany, I, [49]
Transloy, British successes at, VI, [65]
Transportation of troops, I, [24]
Transports, protection of, I, [18]
Trans-Siberian Railway, I, [153]
Trebizond-Erzerum road, V, [299]
Trebizond, occupation of, V, [297]
Trench bombs, I, [76]
Trench fighting, I, [68]
Trentino, Austrian offensive in, V, [244]-255
Trentino front, VI, [154], [455]
Trieste, Italian drive, VI, [159], [452]
Triple Alliance, I, [133], [141]
Triple Entente, formation of, I, [158]
Trônes Wood, V, [402]-403
Troops, transportation of, I, [24]
Tsing-tau, defenses, attacks on, capture, III, [48], [52], [60]
Tubantia, Dutch steamer, V, [62]
Turkey, American relations with, VI, [328]
Turkish navy, operations of, IV, [170]
Turkish troops on the eastern front, VI, [83]
Typhus, epidemic of, II, [356]; III, [475]

Uganda, protectorate, I, [180]
Undersea warfare, IV, [155]
Unification of Germany, I, [130]
Union of South Africa, rebellion in, III, [70]
United States, development of pro-German propaganda in, IV, [505]
U-53, exploits of, VI, [194]
Union of Towns in Russia, VI, [377]

Van, concentration of Armenians in, IV, [378]
Van, Russian successes in, III, [477]
Vaux, French defense of, V, [351], [367]
Vaux Fort, French recapture of, VI, [37], [39]
Veles, resistance at, by Serbians, IV, [278]
Venice, air raids on, III, [426]; VI, [169]
Venizelos, attacks of, on Greek Government, IV, [311]
Venizelos, E., I, [60]; V, [217]
Verdun, attack on, I, [64]
Verdun, effect of five months' siege, V, [371]
Verdun, French victories at, VI, [54]
Verdun, operations around, VI, [19], [53], [281]
Verdun, struggle for, IV, [131]-142
Victor Emmanuel, address to army, V, [254]
Victor Emmanuel III, I, [194]
Vienna, congress of 1814, I, [260]
Vigilancia, sunk, VI, [318]
Vilna, campaign against, IV, [187], [192]
Vimy Ridge, capture of, VI, [239]
Viviani, René, I, [318]
Viviani, instruction to French ambassador at Vienna, I, [379]
Volhynia, Austrians in, V, [138]
Von Bernstorff, note to Secretary Lansing in reply to Lusitania protest in Germany, IV, [485]
Von Bethmann-Hollweg, IV, [485]
Von Bülow, Prince, I, [136]
Von Caprivi, General, I, [134]
Von Jagow, interviews with, I, [33], [502]
Von Mackensen, commands German forces in Serbia, IV, [258]
Von Papen, recalled, V, [26]
Von Plehve, murder of, I, [156]
Von Rintelen, Franz, V, [22]-28
Von Tirpitz, Grand Admiral, attitude toward submarine warfare, IV, [484]
Vosges, German activities in, IV, [51], [108]
Vulkan Pass, capture of, by Germans, VI, [103]

War, German declaration of, I, [278]
War, declaration of, between United States and Germany, VI, [325]
War Revenue Bill, VI, [333]
War zone, establishment of, III, [170]
Warsaw, attack on, II, [450]
Warsaw, capture of, III, [366]-368
Warsaw, movements upon, III, [346]
Warsaw, occupation of, IV, [178]
Washburn, Stanley, on conditions on eastern front, V, [180]-183
Western front, summary of first year's operations on, IV, [39]-46
Western front on February 1, 1916, IV, [126]
What the war means to America, I, [9]
Whitby, raids on, II, [247]
Whitlock, Brand, efforts to aid Miss Cavell, IV, [100]-101
William II, accession of, I, [134]
Wilson, President, address before Congress, April, 1917, VI, [320]-326
Wilson, President, on armed neutrality before Congress, VI, [304]
Wilson, President, and British blockade of Germany, V, [457]
Wilson, President, and Congress, V, [434]
Wilson, President, denouncement of unpatriotism, V, [26]
Wilson, President, letter to Congress, IV, [503]
Wilson, President, note to Russia, VI, [415]
Wilson, President, proclamation convening Congress, VI, [319]
Wilson's address on relations with Germany, VI, [210]
Windhoek, capture of, III, [489]
Wood, Major General Leonard, what the war means to America, I, [9]

Yarmouth, raids on, II, [246]
Yarrowdale, prisoners, VI, [297]
Younghusband, General, IV, [446]
Yperlee Canal, III, [107]
Ypres, attack on, II, [171], [172], [174]
Ypres, bombardment of, III, [95]
Ypres, British successes south of, VI, [264]
Ypres, first battle of, IV, [44]
Ypres, German success at, in February, 1916, IV, [122]
Ypres, second battle of, III, [99]-106
Ypres sector, operations in, in March, 1916, V, [372], [375]
Yser, II, [169]; III, [167]; IV, [122]
Yser region, flood in, IV, [117]

Zanzibar, I, [180]
Zeebrugge shelled, V, [67]; VI, [482]
Zeppelin attack on Warsaw, IV, [19]
Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand, death of, VI, [494]
Zeppelin raids on England, IV, [16], [466]; V, [422]; VI, [494]
Zeppelin, value of, V, [412]
Zeppelins, loss of, IV, [468]; V, [430]; VI, [179]
Zugan Torta, V, [247]
Zungar Valley, V, [247]