CHAPTER XXVII
SUCCOR AND SOLACE
Primarily the Canadian Red Cross Society set out to augment the work of the military establishment in caring for the sick and wounded. It acted as a voluntary auxiliary organization to the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and as such furnished all manner of comforts, over and above the supplies issued by the Government, to military hospitals and other units. It also held itself in readiness to assist the Medical Service in times of emergency by providing at a moment's notice any supplies which might be needed.
But its help was not confined to Canadians only. British and French institutions were assisted. The needs of the civil population whom the enemy had driven from French and Belgian areas were not overlooked. Old and feeble men and women, suffering mothers and emaciated children, whom the Germans had deprived of the necessities of life, were among the afflicted who were comforted by its timely succor and sympathy. It took care not only of the wounded and sick, but of the tired and weary. The Canadian prisoners of war were among its beneficiaries, as well as the refugees in the devastated areas of Europe, who needed assistance, especially clothing, in becoming repatriated after being freed of the German oppressor. Thus were many lives saved, breakdowns averted, much discomfort removed, and much suffering relieved by the aid of the Canadian Red Cross.
The society had eight Provincial centers in Canada, and about 1,200 local branches, and these formed its home organization. It collected $7,771,083 in money, and gifts to the value of more than $13,500,000.
Its overseas organization at first was of modest dimensions. One warehouse with unpretentious headquarters in France sufficed in November, 1916, and there was only one Canadian hospital to supply in the early months of August, 1915. Then the organization, like everything else produced by the war, rapidly developed and became far-reaching in its scope.
The French were early recipients of Canadian bounty through the Red Cross. Money and hospital supplies went from the Dominion to the French sick and wounded, and a depot was opened in Paris for receiving and distributing Canadian supplies to French hospitals. This was merely a beginning of the practical sympathy Canada was eager to show to France. The Red Cross subscribed upward of $100,000 for various French war charities. It presented a hospital to France located at Joinville-le-Pont, Vincennes, at a cost of $370,000, equipped with medical supplies and staffed by Canadian surgeons and nurses, and provided a service of motor lorries and motor ambulances for the benefit of other French hospitals.
Money and supplies were bestowed on other Allied countries. The total grants made to the various Allies, including France, amounted to more than $500,000. Substantial help, embracing 21,000 cases of supplies, was also furnished to the Belgian, Italian, Russian, Serbian, and Rumanian Red Cross societies and to the Wounded Allies Relief Fund.
A glimpse of the activities of the Canadian Red Cross is afforded by these extracts from the record of its principal work overseas during the war period:
1914—Canadian Red Cross supplies given to the following hospitals in France: Two casualty clearing stations with 200 beds each; four stationary hospitals with 200 beds each; four general hospitals with 1,040 beds each; six field ambulances with 50 beds each; and in England, the opening of the Duchess of Connaught Red Cross Hospital with 1,000 beds, besides the sending of comforts to Canadians in other hospitals.
1915-16—Assistance given to the Canadian Army Medical Corps in England on behalf of 16,000 to 18,000 sick and wounded Canadians monthly.
Aid given in the erection and equipping of huts and other buildings for five Canadian hospitals in England and five in France.
Recreation huts erected, equipped, and maintained in the Canadian hut hospitals.
1916-17—Assistance given in France to five general and three stationary hospitals, four casualty clearing stations, thirteen field ambulances, and fourteen small hospitals attached to forestry, tunneling and other companies.
Comforts distributed to 20,000 sick and wounded Canadians throughout Great Britain and to 21 Canadian and 130 British hospitals.
The transfer to the military authorities of four hospitals in England opened by the Canadian Red Cross Society.
1918—Opening of Canadian Rest Homes for nurses and officers' hospitals in England.
The society had its fount and inspiration in Canada and its supply clearing houses, stores, and hospitals in England. In France it maintained an advance supply store at the Canadian Corps headquarters, whence its special transports carried what was needed to the fighting front, and, to facilitate the distribution, stores were also attached to every Canadian hospital. It built large recreation huts as annexes to the Canadian general and stationary hospitals, as well as special wards for pulmonary cases. It supplied Christmas gifts to all Canadian soldiers in every hospital in France. It furnished musical instruments for hospital orchestras, provided special furniture and fittings where required, and opened a Canadian Rest House at Boulogne for nursing sisters passing through, which afforded repose and shelter to 6,859 nurses.
As a source of field supplies, the Canadian Red Cross was a dependable dispenser which the military hospitals, dressing stations, and regimental aid posts always turned to for their requirements, knowing that what they needed was not only waiting to be forwarded at the first call for help, but would frequently be sent in anticipation of the need. When a severe action was in progress the Red Cross always had on hand the articles for which there was a constant demand by field ambulances and aid posts, such as dressings, special foods, instruments, socks, scissors, chocolate, pajamas, and even comfort bags into which wounded men put their small personal comforts. Even before troops entered the trenches their needs were considered, the battalion medical officers receiving a parcel of comforts from the Red Cross advance store.
A notable feature of the hospital work was in gratifying the desires of Canadian patients who asked for various articles they needed. Nearly half a million parcels were sent to every hospital which cared for wounded Canadians in the course of the war. The parcels contained, among other articles, toilet requisites, cigarettes, stationery, games, books, sweets, fruit, and materials for work. It needed wholesale purchasing to supply this demand. Cigarettes in millions were bought, not to speak of eight tons of tobacco, 40,000 shaving brushes, five tons of fruit drops, and ten tons of eating chocolate. Those in hospital who were homesick were cheered by the arrival monthly of seventy-nine sacks of Canadian newspapers.
Thus the Canadian soldier received tangible evidence that the people at home were ever giving and working in order that he might not be denied comforts in his need. Whether he was in action, or in a hospital at the base, or in England, or returning to his reserve unit, or taking his discharge on his native soil, he was the recipient of benefits from the Canadian Red Cross, though he might not always be aware of the tireless rôle it undertook as his good angel.
1. AWARDS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS (V.C.) FOR CONSPICUOUS BRAVERY INSTITUTED JANUARY 29, 1856
CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORLD WAR
- 1914
- June 28. Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia.
- July 23. Austria presented an ultimatum to Serbia.
- July 28. Austria declared war on Serbia.
- July 30. Austrians bombarded Belgrade, and Russia began mobilization.
- July 30. Germany made demand for the cessation of Russian mobilization.
- August 1. Germany declared war upon Russia, and France declared mobilization. Italy notified Germany that she would remain neutral.
- August 2. German troops entered the duchy of Luxemburg, and German forces appeared before Liege, Belgium. Belgium refused the passage of German troops through its territory.
- August 3. The German Ambassador to Paris demanded his passports and the French Ambassador to Berlin was recalled. War was declared between France and Germany. German troops invaded Belgium.
- August 4. Great Britain declared war on Germany, and the House of Commons voted a war credit of $525,000,000. Germany notified Belgium of the existence of a state of war between the two countries. The United States proclaimed its neutrality.
- August 5. The Germans attacked Liege. Earl Kitchener was appointed British Secretary of State for War.
- August 6. Austria-Hungary declared war upon Russia, and the English Parliament voted an additional $500,000,000.
- August 8. British troops landed in Belgium. Portugal declared herself an ally of Great Britain. French troops entered Alsace-Lorraine. French and German troops met in their first clash in the Vosges.
- August 10. France declared war on Austria-Hungary.
- August 12. Great Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary. The Germans were temporarily repulsed at Haelen.
- August 13. Japan sent an ultimatum to Germany.
- August 16. German cavalry appeared before Brussels.
- August 18. The Belgian Government left Brussels for Antwerp.
- August 20. The Germans, unopposed, entered Brussels.
- August 22. Namur was besieged by the Germans.
- August 23. The Emperor of China declared war upon Germany.
- August 23. The Great Retreat of the English and French armies from Mons began.
- August 27. Namur was captured by the Germans. The Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, formerly North German Lloyd liner, was sunk off the west African coast by the British cruiser Highflyer.
- August 30. The Allied forces continued to retire in the direction of Paris.
- September 3. The French Government moved from Paris to Bordeaux.
- September 6. The Germans reached the high tide of invasion in France.
- September 12. The Germans continued their retreat from the Marne.
- September 14. Germans reached the Aisne and the Allied armies attempted to cross, in the face of bitter resistance.
- September 14. The Allies crossed the Aisne near Soissons.
- September 16. The Russian northern army was forced behind the Niemen.
- September 22. The Germans retired to Noyon. British cruisers Aboukir, Cressy, and Hogue were sunk in the North Sea by submarines.
- September 24. The Russian forces passed the fortress of Przemsyl.
- September 28. Japanese and British forces attacked the fortress of Tsingtau.
- September 29. German forces invested Antwerp.
- October 8. Germans entered Antwerp. The garrison escaped.
- October 15. The British cruiser Hawke was sunk by a German submarine in the North Sea.
- October 17. Russian armies resumed offensive operations in the east.
- October 20. The bloody battle of the Yser followed the attempt of German forces to reach the Channel ports.
- October 22. The German forces bombarded Lille, France.
- October 25. Germans crossed the Yser River near the coast.
- October 26. Gavrilo Prinzep and twenty-three accomplices were found guilty of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife.
- October 28. The German cruiser Emden sank the Russian cruiser Zhemtchug in the harbor of Penang. Germans were forced to evacuate the southern branch of the Yser.
- November 1. Five German cruisers defeated the British fleet under Admiral Cradock off the Chilean coast.
- November 2. Great Britain declared the North Sea closed to commerce.
- November 5. Great Britain and France declared war on Turkey.
- November 7. The Japanese forces captured Tsingtau.
- November 9. The German cruiser Emden was destroyed by the Australian cruiser Sydney.
- November 10. The struggle along the Yser River continued. Serbians defeated the Austrian army, capturing 2,000 prisoners. Russian forces resumed the offensive around Warsaw.
- November 15. The Serbians were defeated by the Austrian army.
- November 16. Belgians flooded the coast lands in order to prevent the advance of the German forces.
- November 19. German forces advancing into Poland were driven back.
- November 29. The Russians continued success against Germans in Poland.
- December 1. General De Wet, leader of the rebellion in South Africa, was captured, practically ending the rebellion.
- December 2. Belgrade was captured by the Austrians.
- December 6. Battle of Lodz in Russian Poland, which began on November 19, was ended with an inconclusive German victory.
- December 8. The British fleet near the Falkland Islands met and destroyed the German squadron which sank two British warships on November 1, off the coast of Chile.
- December 10. A German submarine raided the harbor of Dover, England.
- December 13. British submarine B-11 entered the Dardanelles under the mine fields and torpedoes and sunk the Turkish battleship Messudiah.
- December 14. Russians defeated the German forces at Mlawa. Belgrade was recaptured by the Serbians.
- December 18. The German army approached Warsaw.
- December 19. The Germans were forced to evacuate Dixmude.
- December 23. The Turkish army began an advance on the Suez Canal.
- December 24. The Germans defeated the Russian army at Mlawa in northern Poland. The entire Russian army began a retreat.
- December 29. Russian forces were forced to retire in Galicia.
- 1915
- January 1. British battleship Formidable was sunk by a German submarine in the English Channel.
- January 3. The Russian army defeated the Turkish forces in the Caucasus.
- January 6. The Germany army continued to advance in Poland.
- January 16. The Russian army of invasion captured one of the passes over the Carpathian Mountains.
- January 21. Austrian forces in northeastern Hungary were shattered by attacks. General von Falkenhayn, Chief of the German General Staff, resigned the office of minister of war, and was succeeded by General von Hohenborn.
- January 24. A naval engagement between British and German fleets. German armored cruiser Blücher was sunk. Other German vessels fled.
- January 29. The Germans assumed the offensive in the forest of the Argonne.
- January 31. German submarines made a second raid in the British Channel and destroyed several British merchant ships.
- February 2. Wiener von Horn, a German-American, unsuccessfully attempted to dynamite the bridge across the St. Croix River.
- February 3. The Turkish forces attempted to force a passage over the Suez Canal and were repulsed by the British troops.
- February 4. Germany declared a war zone of the waters around Great Britain and Ireland, to go into effect on February 18.
- February 8. Russian forces were obliged to evacuate a large part of the territory held in the province of Bukowina.
- February 10. Russian army suffered a disastrous defeat in East Prussia.
- February 18. German decree creating a war zone in the waters around Great Britain and Ireland went into effect.
- February 24. Germans captured Przasnysz, in Russian Poland.
- February 27. The William P. Fry, an American sailing vessel, was sunk by a German cruiser.
- March 1. Great Britain and France announced their intention to prevent commodities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany.
- March 2. Germany offered to modify her submarine warfare if Great Britain would also make concessions.
- March 6. Premier Venizelos resigned his office on account of the decision of King Constantine to the entrance of Greece on the side of the Allies.
- March 14. The German cruiser Dresden was sunk off the Chilean coast.
- March 19. The French battleship Bouvet and two British battleships were sunk by floating mines in the Dardanelles.
- March 21. Major General Sir William Robert Robertson was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the British army.
- March 22. Austrian fortress of Przemsyl surrendered to the Russian army.
- March 25. French achieved success in upper Alsace.
- April 4. German forces in Russia prepared for a great offensive.
- April 22. The second battle of Ypres began.
- April 25. The battle of Ypres continued.
- April 26. The German cruiser Kronprinz Wilhelm was interned at Newport News.
- April 27. The battle of Ypres continued with heavy losses on both sides.
- May 1. Fierce fighting went on in the Gallipoli peninsula. The American tank ship Gulflight was sunk by a German submarine.
- May 6. The Russian forces on the eastern front were routed by Germans under General Mackensen.
- May 7. The transatlantic liner Lusitania was sunk by a German submarine, with a loss of 1,150 persons, including over 100 Americans.
- May 13. The Bryce Commission on Belgian atrocities made public its report. The American Government protested to Germany over the sinking of the Lusitania.
- May 14. Fierce fighting continued in the Ypres sector. The Russian armies retreated before the Germans, barely escaping a rout.
- May 23. Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary.
- May 28. Germany replied to the American note on the Lusitania.
- June 1. Przemsyl was recaptured by the Austro-German forces.
- June 9. Italian troops defeated Austrians on the Isonzo River.
- June 20. Mackensen defeated Russians at Rawa-Russka.
- July 9. The German forces in German Southwest Africa surrendered to General Botha.
- July 12. The German cruiser Königsberg was destroyed by British war vessels off East Africa.
- August 5. Warsaw was captured by Austro-German forces.
- August 10. The training of reserve officers was begun at Plattsburg.
- August 17. London was raided by a Zeppelin, killing ten persons.
- August 19. The liner Arabic was sunk by a German submarine.
- August 21. Italy declared war against Turkey.
- September 1. The German Ambassador declared that no more passenger ships would be sunk without warning.
- September 2. President Wilson received a message from the Pope in relation to peace.
- September 9. United States Government asked Austria-Hungary to recall Ambassador Dumba.
- September 25. The French and British began offensive in Champagne.
- September 29. British forces defeated the Turks in Mesopotamia.
- October 4. British and French troops landed at Saloniki aid Serbia.
- October 5. Premier Venizelos of Greece resigned after King Constantine refused to support the Allies.
- October 6. The French launched a successful attack in Champagne.
- October 9. Belgrade was captured by the Austro-German forces.
- October 13. Edith Cavell was shot by the Germans as a spy.
- October 14. Bulgaria declared war on Serbia.
- October 19. Major General Monro succeeded Sir Ian Hamilton in command of operations in the Dardanelles.
- October 22. The Germans inflicted a severe defeat on the Russian armies.
- October 25. The French made gains in Champagne.
- November 18. The British resumed advance at Gallipoli.
- November 25. The British retired to Kut-el-Amara.
- December 3. The American Government demanded the recall of Captains Boy-Ed and Von Papen, German diplomats.
- December 15. Sir Douglas Haig was appointed Commander in Chief of the British forces in France.
- December 19. The British evacuated Anzac and Suvla Bay, Gallipoli.
- December 29. Austria met American demands in regard to the Anoona.
- January 1. Fighting was renewed at the Dardanelles.
- January 7. German Ambassador notified the American Government that submarine operations in the Mediterranean would be conducted according to international law.
- January 8. Germany notified the United States that vessels would be sunk only when carrying contraband of war and that the safety of crews would be provided for.
- January 9. British forces successfully evacuated Gallipoli.
- January 25. The French carried on successful operations around Nieuport.
- January 29. Paris was attacked by Zeppelins.
- February 6. Field Marshal von Mackensen assumed command of the Austro-German army opposing the Allies at Saloniki.
- February 9. The Russians began a new offensive in Galicia.
- February 16. The city of Erzerum was captured by the Russians. The British declared that they had completed the conquest of Kamerun, a German colony in Africa.
- February 24. The great German drive at Verdun was repulsed.
- February 26. The Germans captured important points about Verdun.
- February 28. Turks evacuated Trebizond and other Black Sea ports.
- March 8. The German Government presented a memorandum stating its attitude on the submarine boat controversy.
- March 16. Terrific fighting went on around Verdun.
- March 18. Germans occupied part of the town of Vaux.
- March 24. The English steamship Sussex was sunk by a German submarine; many passengers killed.
- April 18. Secretary Lansing declared to Germany that relations would be severed if submarine attacks on steamships continued.
- April 19. President Wilson addressed Congress on the submarine issue.
- April 22. Sir Roger Casement was captured on the Irish coast.
- April 24. A revolt broke out in Dublin.
- April 25. A squadron of German cruisers raided the English coast.
- April 27. Martial law was declared throughout Ireland.
- April 29. Surrender of British at Kut-el-Amara was announced.
- May 3. Several leaders of the Irish rebellion were executed for treason.
- May 5. Activity was renewed along the entire Eastern front.
- May 10. Germany admitted that the Sussex was sunk by a German submarine.
- May 31. The British and German fleets met at Jutland; after a fierce engagement the German fleet fled.
- June 5. Earl Kitchener and many others were lost when the British cruiser Hampshire went down off the Orkney Islands.
- June 17. The Russian army entered Czernowitz.
- July 6. David Lloyd George was appointed Secretary of War for Great Britain.
- July 7. The British resumed the offensive on the Somme.
- July 11. The Germans advanced east of the Meuse at Verdun.
- July 22. Russian forces achieved successes in the Riga district.
- July 27. Captain Charles Fryatt was executed by the Germans for attempting to ram a submarine.
- August 4. The French gained successes at Verdun.
- August 9. Italian forces occupied the Austrian city of Goritz.
- August 27. Rumania declared war on Austria-Hungary.
- August 30. Field Marshal von Hindenburg succeeded General von Falkenhayn as Chief of Staff of the German armies.
- September 3. Allies renewed their offensive north of the Somme River. Bulgarian and German troops invaded Rumania in Dobrudja.
- September 14. The Fourth Greek Army Corps, with headquarters at the port of Kavala, was placed in the hands of the Germans.
- October 7. British and French troops in the Somme district advanced on a front of ten miles.
- October 23. Constanza, Rumania, was captured by the Bulgar-Turco-German army.
- October 24. At Verdun, French penetrated German lines to a depth of two miles, winning back the fort and village of Douaumont, the Thiaumont field work, Haudromont Quarries, and Caillette Wood.
- November 2. The Germans at Verdun evacuated Fort Vaux.
- November 6. British steamer Arabia torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean; passengers rescued.
- November 13. British launched a new offensive against German line in France on both sides of the Ancre Brook.
- November 21. The German Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gottlieb von Jagow, resigned. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, died at Schönbrunn Castle, near Vienna, at the age of eighty-six. His nephew, Archduke Charles Francis Joseph, succeeded.
- November 29. Admiral Sir David Beatty was appointed to command the British grand fleet, succeeding Sir Jellicoe.
- December 5. Herbert H. Asquith resigned as Prime Minister of England.
- December 7. David Lloyd George accepted the British post of Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury.
- 1917
- January 10. The Allied Governments stated their terms of peace; a separate note from Belgium included.
- January 22. President Wilson addressed the Senate, giving his ideas of steps necessary for world peace.
- January 31. Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare in specified zones.
- February 3. United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany; German Ambassador von Bernstorff was dismissed.
- February 24. Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under General Maude (campaign begun December 13).
- March 4. Announced that the British had taken over from the French the entire Somme front.
- March 11. Bagdad captured by British under General Maude.
- March 11-15. Revolution in Russia, leading to abdication of Czar Nicholas II.
- March 15. Russian Provisional Government formed by Constitutional Democrats under Prince Lvoff and M. Milyukoff.
- March 17-19. Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg Line"; evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French territory on front of 100 miles from Arras to Soissons.
- March 27. United States Minister Brand Whitlock and American Relief Commission were withdrawn from Belgium.
- April 2. President Wilson asked Congress to declare the existence of a state of war with Germany.
- April 6. United States declared war on Germany.
- April 8. Austria-Hungary severed diplomatic relations with the United States.
- April 9-May 14. British successes in Battle of Arras (Vimy Ridge taken April 9).
- April 16-May 6. French successes in Battle of the Aisne between Soissons and Rheims.
- April 20. Turkey severed relations with United States.
- May 15-September 15. Great Italian offensive on Isonzo front (Carso Plateau); capture of Gorizia, August 9; Monte Santo taken August 24; Monte Gabriele, September 14.
- May 15. General Pétain succeeded General Nivelle as commander in chief of the French armies.
- May 17. Russian Provisional Government reconstructed. Kerensky (former Minister of Justice) became Minister of War. Milyukoff resigned.
- May 18. President Wilson signed Selective Service Act.
- June 7. British blew up Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, and captured 7,500 German prisoners.
- June 12. King Constantine of Greece forced to abdicate.
- June 26. First American troops reached France.
- June 29. Greece entered war against Germany and her allies.
- July 4. Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German Chancellor. Dr. George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 14).
- July 20. Drawing at Washington of names for first army under selective service.
- July 20. Kerensky became Russian Premier on resignation of Prince Lvoff.
- July 31-November. Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele Ridge); British successes.
- August 15. Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed (dated August 1); United States replies, August 27; Germany and Austria, September 21; supplementary German reply, September 26.
- August 20-24. French at Verdun recaptured high ground lost in 1916.
- September 8. Luxburg dispatches ("spurlos versenkt") revealed.
- October 24-December. Great German-Austrian counterdrive into Italy; Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago Plateau, and Brenta River.
- October 26. Brazil declared war on Germany.
- October 27. Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 offered; $4,617,532,300 subscribed).
- November 7. Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Government of Russia by the Bolsheviki.
- November 13. Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Premier.
- November 18. British forces in Palestine take Jaffa.
- November 22-December 13. Battle of Cambrai; successful surprise attack near Cambrai by British under General Byng on November 22 (employs "tanks" to break down wire entanglements in place of the usual artillery preparations); Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai, taken November 26; surprise counterattack by Germans, December 2, compels British to give up fourth of ground gained.
- November 29. First plenary session of the Inter-Allied Conference in Paris; sixteen nations represented; Colonel E. M. House, Chairman of American delegation.
- December 5. President Wilson, in message to Congress, advised war with Austria.
- December 6. United States destroyer Jacob Jones sunk by submarine.
- December 6-9. Armed revolt overthrew Administration in Portugal.
- December 7. United States declared war on Austria-Hungary.
- December 9. Jerusalem captured by British advancing from Egypt.
- December 13. Berlin announced armistice negotiations with Russia; began December 16. German aerial bombs kill several United States railway engineers, and two engineers died from gunshot wounds.
- December 15. Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain, France, and Italy represented, organizes in London, elects Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury, Oscar T. Crosby, president. Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government and Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk.
- December 18. Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid London, kill ten, injure seventy; two of the raiders are brought down.
- December 23. General Guillaumat succeeded Sarrail as commander in chief of Allied forces at Saloniki.
- December 27. Turkish army defeated by British in attempt to retake Jerusalem.
- 1918
- January 5. Between Lens and St. Quentin, German raids on British lines were repulsed with heavy enemy losses.
- January 7. In mutiny at Kiel, German naval base, submarine crews killed thirty-eight of their officers.
- January 14. Attempt was made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine.
- January 28. In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau, Italian forces captured Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, and 1,500 prisoners. Rumanians captured Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia. Allied aviators attacked Zeebrugge. German airplanes raided London, killed 47, injured 169. Germans made air raid on Paris, killed 36, injured 190.
- January 31. It was for the first time announced that the United States troops were occupying first-line trenches. Germans raided American line, killed two, wounded four, one missing.
- February 1. Major General Peyton C. March made Chief of General Staff. Italians advanced to head of Melago Valley. Rumanians occupied Kishineff. Bolsheviki seized Rumanian ships in Black Sea; captured Odessa and Orenburg.
- February 5. United States transport Tuscania torpedoed off Irish coast; loss, 101.
- February 21. British troops occupied Jericho, fourteen miles from Jerusalem.
- February 22. United States troops were in the Chemin-des-Dames sector, the Aisne, France.
- February 27. Japan proposed joint military operation with Allies in Siberia to save military and other supplies.
- March 1. Generals Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by Bolsheviki near Rostof-on-Don.
- March 2. Kieff, held by Bolsheviki since February 8, was occupied by German and Ukrainian troops.
- March 3. By treaty of peace with four Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviki agreed to evacuate Ukrainia, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the Aland Islands, and Transcaucasian districts of Erivan, Kars, and Batum.
- March 4. Germany and Finland signed treaty.
- March 8. In the Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attacked on mile front; English counterattacked. Leon Trotzky resigned as Russian Foreign Minister.
- March 9. Russian capital moved from Petrograd to Moscow.
- March 10. British occupied Hit, in Mesopotamia.
- March 12. In Toul sector United States artillery discovered and blew to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans for gas attack.
- March 13. German troops entered Odessa and gained control of Black Sea, with fifteen Russian warships.
- March 18. Great Britain and United States took over Dutch shipping in United States and British ports.
- March 21. Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, from Arras to La Fère. On Luneville sector United States artillery fire destroyed first-and second-line positions. Canadians made gas attack between Lens and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend. German long-range gun bombarded Paris.
- March 26. Battle continued on whole front south of Somme.
- March 27. General Pershing offered all United States forces for service wherever needed.
- March 28. Heavy fighting along 55-mile front, from the southeast of Somme to northeast of Arras. Entire Turkish force in area of Hit, in Mesopotamia, was captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners taken (including German officers), 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many machine guns, 600 animals. British forces crossed the River Jordan.
- March 29. The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chosen commander in chief of all Allied forces in France (British, French, American, Italian, Belgian, and Portuguese). The German long-range gun killed seventy-five worshipers at Good Friday services in a Paris church, and wounded ninety.
- April 1. Long-distance bombardment of Paris continued; four were killed, nine injured.
- April 3. War Council at Washington, D. C., announced that all available shipping would be used to rush troops to France.
- April 5. United States army at end of the first year of the war totaled more than 1,500,000 men.
- April 7. United States troops in Toul sector repelled two German raids. Turks took Ardahan from Armenians; Constantinople reported Turkish troops advancing over wide area in the Caucasus.
- April 10. British and Portuguese, on line from La Bassée Canal to Armentières, were forced back six miles; at Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, British retired two miles. In a counterattack on Givenchy, British took 750 prisoners.
- April 12. Field Marshal Haig issued a special order of the day: "All positions must be held to the last man."
- April 13. Germans captured Rossignol, advanced to border of Nieppe Wood; took 400 prisoners. French held Hangard against repeated counterattacks and repulsed German raids between the Ailette and the Aisne. The British and French Governments agreed to confer on General Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied armies in France.
- April 15. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigned.
- April 22. Baron von Richthofen, the leader of the German flyers, with eighty victories, was brought down behind the British lines.
- April 24. Germans attacked the whole front south of the Somme, but were repulsed; in later attacks gained Villers-Bretonneux, east of Robec.
- April 25. Germans assaulted from Wytschaete to Bailleul; in Lys salient, French and British lost ground. Germans captured Hangard.
- April 28. The loss of Kemmel Heights forced British to retire. Locre changed hands five times; Germans got footing there, but were driven from Voormezeele.
- May 6. Treaty of peace was signed at Bucharest by representatives of Rumania and the four Central Powers.
- May 19. Australians captured Ville-sur-Ancre, a mile from Morlancourt; 360 prisoners, 20 machine guns; German raids in Picardy and Lorraine are repelled by United States troops.
- May 21. President Wilson named Peyton C. March, Chief of Staff, with rank of General.
- May 25-June 14. German submarines sank nineteen ships off coasts of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.
- May 27. Big drive begun on western front; Germans drove Allies across the Aisne-Marne Canal; Germans attacked British at Berry-au-Bac and the French by the Chemin-des-Dames Ridge; near Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrated French positions, advanced in Aisne Valley, reached Pont-Arcy.
- May 30. Germans advanced to within two miles of Rheims.
- May 31. German forces north of the Aisne advanced to Nouvron and Fontenoy, but failed to cross the Marne.
- June 1. Germans attacked on whole front between the Oise and the Marne, advanced as far as Nouvron and Fontenoy; attack on Fort de la Pompelle drove out French, who counterattacked, regained positions, and took 400 prisoners and four tanks.
- June 5. Germans advanced on south bank of Aisne, took Dommiers; United States troops penetrated enemy positions in Picardy and Lorraine; French counterattack regained ground near Vingre.
- June 6. West of Château-Thierry, United States troops drove Germans a mile on two-mile front, took 270 prisoners; United States and French troops advanced in region of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches; German attacks at Champlat, heights of Bligny, southwest of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and Rheims, were repulsed: French took Le Port, west of Fontenoy and north of the Aisne, village of Vinly, and regained Hill 204.
- June 7. United States and French troops took villages of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, between the Marne and Rheims, and 200 prisoners.
- June 8. By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops put Germans on defensive; United States forces, under General Pershing, captured and held Bouresches.
- June 11. Allies in counteroffensive advance on seven-mile front between Montdidier and Noyon retook much ground; took 1,000 prisoners.
- June 16. On Italian front Allies regained all ground lost in first Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River.
- June 19. 40,000 Germans attacked Rheims from three sides; repulsed.
- June 23. Italian forces drove the Austrians across the Piave River, with a loss of 180,000 men.
- June 25. American marines and regulars cleared Belleau Wood.
- June 29. Italian forces continued successes.
- June 30. France recognized the Czecho-Slovaks as a separate nation.
- July 1. American forces landed at Kola, Finland.
- July 9. The French armies advanced on a wide front.
- July 12. The Austrian armies were badly beaten by the Italians at Berat. French troops continued advance on western front.
- July 13. The former Czar Nicholas of Russia was assassinated.
- July 15. Germans began fifth drive on a fifty-mile front.
- July 18. French and German troops began great counteroffensive.
- July 19. Germans began retreat from the Marne.
- July 21. Château Thierry was occupied by French and American forces.
- July 25. Allies continued to close the pocket of the Aisne-Marne salient.
- August 3. The Allies advanced on a wide front.
- August 4. The German retreat in the Aisne region continued.
- August 7. American and French troops crossed the Vesle River in pursuit of the Germans.
- August 8. New French and British offensive in the Somme region.
- August 17. American troops took back several villages.
- August 23. The British continued to advance in the Somme region.
- August 25. The British advanced ten miles on a thirty-mile front, taking nearly 20,000 prisoners.
- August 29. The British captured Bapaume.
- August 31. The British, aided by the 27th and 30th American Divisions, captured Mount Kemmel.
- September 5. The Allies advanced on a ninety-mile front.
- September 7. The Germans began retreat on a 100-mile front.
- September 11. British, French, and American forces closed in on the Hindenburg line.
- September 13. American forces cleared the St. Mihiel salient and took 12,000 prisoners.
- September 22. General Allenby defeated Turks in Palestine.
- September 27. The British advanced on the Cambrai front.
- September 29. British and American forces pierced the Hindenburg line.
- September 30. The Belgians captured Roulers.
- October 1. French reentered St. Quentin.
- October 2. American troops forced back Germans in Argonne Forest.
- October 5. Germans abandoned Lille.
- October 6. Prince Max, the German Chancellor, proposed a suspension of hostilities.
- October 7. The German retreat continued.
- October 8. President Wilson asked Germany's intentions in regard to peace.
- October 9. The British took Cambrai.
- October 18. Many towns in Belgium recaptured by Allies.
- October 24. Allies continued to advance on all fronts.
- October 28. Hungary accepted terms offered by Allies.
- October 30. Italians advanced north of the Piave.
- November 1. American troops advanced to Grandpré.
- November 4. Austria accepts terms of truce.
- November 5. The American first army advanced on both sides of the Meuse.
- November 8. General Foch received German armistice delegates. Republic proclaimed in Bavaria.
- November 9. Socialists took over government in Berlin.
- November 10. Kaiser Wilhelm fled to Holland.
- November 11. German envoys signed armistice terms.
- November 20. French entered Buda-Pesth. German submarines surrendered to British. American troops crossed the Lorraine frontier.
- November 21. The entire German fleet surrendered to Allies.
- November 22. King Albert makes triumphal entry into Brussels.
- December 1. American troops crossed the frontier of Prussia.
- 1919
- January 7. The Spartacides in Berlin started a revolutionary outbreak.
- January 9. The Government troops in Berlin defeated the Spartacides.
- January 12. The Supreme War Council met in Paris.
- January 15. The Berlin Government announced the completion of a newly drafted constitution covering the union of fifteen states.
- January 17. Jan Ignace Paderewski was agreed upon by the Polish factions as the first premier of Poland.
- January 18. The Peace Conference held its first session in Paris. Clemenceau was chosen president.
- January 19. General election was held in Germany.
- January 25. The Peace Conference adopted a resolution creating a League of Nations.
- February 6. The German National Assembly convened at Weimar. Friedrich Ebert was elected president.
- February 14. President Wilson read before the Peace Conference the summary of the Covenant of the League of Nations.
- February 21. Kurt Eisner, Socialist Premier of Bavaria, was assassinated.
- March 13. The German Government executed over 200 Spartacides in Berlin.
- March 25. A new Socialist cabinet was installed in Prussia.
- April 15. Communists again captured Munich.
- April 23. The Italian delegation to the Peace Conference announced their withdrawal as a result of President Wilson's declaration that Italy should not have Fiume.
- April 25. The German couriers in advance of the peace delegates arrived in Paris.
- April 28. The Covenant of the League of Nations was adopted by the Peace Conference.
- May 6. The terms of the Peace Treaty were presented to all the powers represented at the conference.
- May 19. The Austrian peace delegates arrived at St. Germain.
- May 21. An extension of one week was granted to the Germans for consideration of the Peace Treaty.
- May 26. The Council of Four declared in favor of recognizing the Kolchak Government in Russia.
- May 29. The German delegates presented counterproposals.
- June 14. The Council of Four finished revisions to meet the German protests.
- June 16. The German delegates were handed the revised treaty.
- June 22. German men and officers sank the vessels interned at Scapa Flow.
- June 25. General von Hindenburg resigned as commander in chief of the German armies.
- June 28. The Treaty of Peace was signed by the German, Allied, and associated delegates, thus ending the World War.
INDEX
- Abyssinia, Italian defeats in, I, [192]
- Achiet-le-Grand, VIII, [28]
- Adige River, fighting along, V, [280]
- Adige Valley, operations in, VI, [460]
- Aerial raids, VI, [492]
- Aerial warfare, VII, [260]-268
- Aerodromes, British, IV, [473]
- Aerodromes, German, IV, [470]
- Aeroplane improvements, V, [418]
- Aeroplane operations around Constantinople, IV, [475]
- Aeroplane warfare on submarines, V, [414]
- Aeroplanes and submarines, I, [23]
- Aeroplanes, increase in, VI, [485]
- Aeroplanes, losses in, April, 1917, VI, [255]
- Africa, British possessions in, I, [181]
- African coast, III, [493]
- Agadir, I, [140]
- Agar Khan, III, [24]
- Ailette River, advance on, VIII, [39]
- Ailette Valley, VIII, [28]
- Aircraft, loss of, IV, [479]
- Aire River, VIII, [173]
- Air fighting, tactics of, IV, [459]
- Aisne, French attack on, VII, [47]
- Aisne-Marne Canal, VIII, [53]
- Aisne, operations along, in March, 1916, V, [66]
- Aisne-Vesle front, VIII, [11]
- Albania, Austrians in, IV, [366]
- Albania, withdrawal of Serbian forces from, IV, [337]
- Albanian uprising, I, [247]
- Albert I, I, [199]
- Albert, captured, VIII, [28]
- Albert, King, commands battle in Flanders, VIII, [59]
- Albert sector, gain in, VIII, [11]
- Alcantara, British merchantman, sinking of, V, [59]
- Alderson, General, commands Canadian troops, VIII, [303], [340]
- Alderson, General, at St. Julien, VIII, [316]
- Alexandretta, III, [503]
- Alexeieff, General, ability of, V, [121]
- Algonquin, submarined, VI, [317]
- Allenby, General, commands cavalry division, II, [60]
- Allenby, General, directs offensive in Holy Land, VIII, [116]
- Allenby, General, in Battle of the Marne, II, [135]
- Allenstein, capture of, II, [437]
- Allied demands on Greece, V, [224]-229
- Allied offensive, March, 1915, IV, [45]
- Allied offensive in August, 1915, postponement of, IV, [49]
- Allied war conference, VII, [80]
- Allies, condition of, in 1917, VIII, [153]
- Allies' losses in aircraft, VI, [51]
- Alsace and Lorraine, campaigns in, II, [38]-45, VII, [56]
- Alsace, German activities in, V, [70]
- Alsace-Lorraine, conditions in, I, [138]
- Alsace-Lorraine, restored to France, VIII, [226]
- Altkirch, captured by French, IV, [70]
- Amara, surrender of, III, [502]
- American Army, necessary strength of, I, [11]
- American Army, scope of operation, VII, [81]
- American Army, transportation overseas, VII, [344]
- American aviators, VI, [173]-174, [181]
- American battleships at naval surrender, VIII, [147]
- American coast, German submarines along, VII, [464]
- American Congress, resolution on armed merchantmen, IV, [502]
- American cooperation with French, VII, [407]
- American declaration of war with Austria-Hungary, VII, [105]
- American destroyer flotilla, VI, [357]
- American engineers, VII, [94], [368]
- American engineers, deeds of, at Cambrai, VII, [94]
- American Expeditionary Force, VIII, [151]
- American Expeditionary Force, Service of Supply, VIII, [153]
- American Expeditionary Force to France, VII, [83]
- American First Division, VIII, [155]-156, [159], [186]
- American forces in France, VII, [351]
- American 42d Division, VIII, [156], [159]
- American Fourth Division, VIII, [163]
- American fronts, VII, [96], [373]
- American Independence Day, celebration of, by Allies, VII, [321]
- American losses on sea, VII, [463]
- American merchant marine, losses of, by German submarines, VI, [477]
- American Navy, work of, in foreign waters, VI, [357]
- American negotiations over Ancona sinking, IV, [490]-496
- American note to Austria on Ancona issue, character of, IV, [492]
- American participation in Siberia, VII, [449]
- American preparations for war, VI, [328]
- American prisoners first taken by Germans, VII, [88]
- American-Prussian treaties, 1799-1828, attempts to renew, VI, [298]
- American Red Cross in Serbia, II, [354]
- American response to German note on Sussex, V, [458]
- American Second Division, VIII, [156], [159]
- American 77th Division, VIII, [163]
- American soldiers first killed in battle, VII, [91]
- American Third Division, VIII, [159], [162]
- American 30th Division, VIII, [183]
- American 32d Division, VIII, [162]
- American troops in Italy, VIII, [97]
- American troops, on Lorraine-Alsace front, VII, [358]
- American troops, training of, in France, VII, [84]-85
- American troops, transportation of, to France, VI, [358]
- American 26th Division, VIII, [156], [162]
- American 27th Division, VIII, [183]
- American vessels sunk by German submarines, VI, [202]
- Amiens, Allied advance, VIII, [16]
- Amiens, April offensive, VII, [289]
- Amiens, Battle of, VIII, [384]
- Ammunition, conservation of, I, [68]
- Anafarta Ridge, attack on, IV, [352]
- Ancona, Austro-Hungarian explanation of sinking of, IV, [490]
- Ancre, British successes in, February, 1917, VI, [223]
- Andoye, taken by Belgians, VIII, [60]
- Anglo-French agreement of 1904, I, [136]
- Anglo-French forces in Italy, VII, [207]
- Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907, I, [136]
- Anti-Bolshevists, cooperate, VIII, [87]
- Antwerp, fall of, II, [167]
- "Anzacs," heroism of, III, [460]-462
- Appam, British steamship, capture of, IV, [160]
- Arabia, campaigns in, VII, [238]
- Arabic, British steamship, sinking of, IV, [150], [480]-490
- Arabs, confederation of, IV, [429]
- Arabs, in Great War, VIII, [118]
- Arbitration, failure of, I, [14]
- Archangel, Allies at, VIII, [89]
- Archibald papers, V, [11]
- "Archibalds," III, [94]
- Argonne, activity in, III, [158]
- Argonne, campaign in, II, [193]-194
- Argonne Forest, VIII, [171]
- Argonne-Verdun sector, fighting in, in March, 1916, V, [71]
- Argyll, loss of, IV, [154]
- Arleux-en-Gohelle, VIII, [48]
- Arleux-en-Gohelle, taken by the Canadians, VIII, [362]
- Armancourt, VIII, [19]
- Armed neutrality, address of President Wilson, VI, [304]
- Armenians, massacre of, IV, [378]
- Armies of Occupation, VIII, [79]
- Armistice, German delegates leave Berlin, VIII, [74]
- Armistice, November 11, 1918, VIII, [78]
- Armistice, with Austria-Hungary, VIII, [134]
- Armistice, with Turkey, VIII, [136]
- Armor for battleships; for battle cruisers, I, [22]
- Arnim, General von, II, [31]
- Arras, British operations around, VI, [38]; VII, [281]
- Arras, British operations at, VIII, [362]
- Arras-Cambrai, battle, results of, VIII, [405]
- Arras-Cambrai road, VIII, [44]
- Arras-Cambrai road, Canadians on, VIII, [390]
- Artillery operations on the eastern front, V, [141]-143
- Artois, British successes in, IV, [85]
- Artois, fighting in, III, [121]-128
- Artois, French attack in, IV, [46]
- Artois sector, V, [373]
- Asfeld-la-Ville, VIII, [59]
- Asiago and Brenta front, VIII, [98]
- Asiago Plateau, fighting on, VIII, [100]
- Asiago Plateau, French troops on, VIII, [103]
- Asiago sector, operations in, VII, [213]
- Asia Minor, Germany in, I, [50]
- Asiatic Turkey, disorders in, IV, [377]
- Asphyxiation from gas, I, [53]
- Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, I, [258]
- Aubers Ridge, VIII, [323]
- Aubers Ridge, attacks on, III, [128]
- Aubigny-au-Bac, taken by Canadians, VIII, [409]
- Audacious, sinking of, II, [235]
- August 8, 1918, British victory on, VIII, [13], [384]
- Australian Army Corps, in battle of August 8, 1918, VIII, [384]
- Australians, gallantry of, at Suvla Bay, IV, [356]
- Australians storm Mont St. Quentin and Feuilleucourt, VIII, [38]
- Australians, successes of, VII, [329]
- Australians, take Cateau Wood, VIII, [21]
- Australians, take Villers-Bretonneux, VII, [299]
- Austria and Prussia, I, [127]
- Austria-Hungary, American declaration of war with, VII, [105]
- Austria-Hungary, area of, I, [286]
- Austrian armies in Poland and Galicia, command of, IV, [181]
- Austrian army in Serbia, strength of, IV, [259]
- Austrian circular note of July 27, 1914, I, [270]
- Austrian defenses in the Alps, IV, [394]
- Austrian, demands on Serbia, I, [261]
- Austrian fleet in the Danube, VI, [97]
- Austrian forces along the Italian front, increase of, V, [245]
- Austrian losses, II, [405]
- Austrian losses in Serbia, II, [343]
- Austrian naval strength, II, [206]
- Austrian note to Serbia, I, [261]
- Austrian offensive of 1918, VIII, [96]
- Austrian offensives, V, [138], [245]
- Austrian prisoners taken by Italians, VII, [189]
- Austrian proposals to Rumania, III, [377]
- Austrian raids on Italian coast, III, [394]
- Austrian retreat in Italy, VII, [458]
- Austrian rupture with the United States, VI, [328]
- Austrians, retreat of, VIII, [128]
- Austro-German invasion of Serbia, IV, [263]
- Austro-German offensive in Italy, VII, [200]-213
- Austro-Hungarian press, alleged misrepresentation by, I, [351]
- Austro-Italian front, operations on, in spring of 1916, V, [133]
- Austro-Russian front, summary of conditions, III, [236]
- Austro-Russian operations, resumption of, V, [133]-141
- Autrèches, French attack near, VIII, [23]
- Aviation, aeroplane saves British detachment, VIII, [31]
- Aviators, American, VII, [120]
- Avlona, battle between Austrians and Italians near, V, [120]
- Avocourt Wood, German occupation of, V, [351]
- Avre, crossed by French, VIII, [15]
- Avre marshes, VIII, [32]
- Avrincourt, stormed, VIII, [43]
- Ayesha, voyage of, III, [196]
- Azerbaijan, Turks fail in, III, [477]
- Babuna Pass, defended by Serbians, IV, [278], [283]
- Bagdad, British operations around, IV, [419]-425
- Bagdad, expedition against, I, [62]
- Bagdad, operations around, VII, [242]
- Bagdad, Russian advance toward, V, [330]
- Bailleul, capture of, by Germans, VII, [295]
- Balkan League, formation of, I, [248]
- Balkan Sea, naval operations in, III, [192]
- Balkan War, I, [252]
- Balkans, conditions in, in spring of 1916, V, [212]
- Balkans, countries and peoples, II, [275]-286
- Balkans, diplomacy in, I, [59]
- Balkans, summary of first year's conditions, IV, [255]
- Baltic Provinces, VIII, [95]
- Ban-de-Sapt, attacks on, III, [164]
- Bantigny Ravine, VIII, [399]
- Bapaume, British objective, VIII, [30]
- Bapaume, capture of, by British, VI, [232]
- Bapaume, taken by British, VIII, [37]
- Basra, and Turkish attempts on, III, [498]
- Basra, capture of, II, [508]
- Battle cruisers, importance of, I, [21]
- Battle line in eastern front, II, [262]
- Battleships, advantages of, I, [21]
- Battleships and land fortifications, I, [24]
- Battleships at Jutland naval battle, V, [80]
- Battleships, surrendered by the Germans, VIII, [149]
- Bazentin-le-Grand, taken, VIII, [34]
- Beatty, Admiral, movements of, at Jutland naval battle, V, [75]-78
- Beaucamp, taken, VIII, [48]
- Beaucourt, VIII, [22]
- Beaumont-Hamel, VIII, [20]
- Behagnies, taken, VIII, [31]
- Beirut, occupied by the British, VIII, [120]
- Belgian coast, bombardment of, by British fleet, IV, [60], [112]
- Belgian envoys, visit of, to United States, VI, [352]
- Belgian neutrality, I, [276]
- Belgian neutrality, I, [476]
- Belgian territory, alleged violation of, I, [283]
- Belgium, deportations in, VIII, [72]
- Belgium, financial condition of, I, [418]
- Belgium, gains of, VIII, [226]
- Belgium, German attacks in July, 1917, VI, [250]
- Belgium, German deportations in, VI, [260]
- Belgium, German proposals, I, [281]
- Belgium, German war levies in, IV [109]
- Belgium, invasion of, II, [9]
- Belgium, results of geographical location, I, [197]
- Belgrade, bombardment of, IV, [265]
- Belgrade, capture of, II, [347], [353]
- Bell, General, VIII, [392]
- Belleau Wood, American marines in, VII, [381], [384]
- Bellenglise, taken, VIII, [51]
- Bellicourt, taken by Americans, VIII, [50]
- Below, General Fritz von, commands Germans near Rheims, VII, [327]
- Below, General von, VIII, [27]
- Below, General von, in Battle of the Somme, V, [395]
- Berlin, treaty of, I, [228]
- Berry-au-Bac, taken, VIII, [56]
- Berthelot, General occupies Ville-en-Tardenois, VIII, [9]
- Berthelot, General, takes Cæsar's Camp, VIII, [59]
- Beseler, General von, besieges Antwerp, II, [163]
- Bessarabia, annexation to Rumania VII, [438]
- Bethmann-Hollweg, circular letter to Powers, I, [368]
- Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in Reichstag, I, [498]
- Bexhill Salient, Canadians at, VIII, [330]
- Beyers, General, III, [70]
- Bieberstein, Marshal von, II, [496]
- Bight, battle of, II, [208]
- Bismarck Archipelago, II, [243]
- Bitlis, occupation of, by Russians, V, [293]
- Blind soldiers, care of, in Canada, VIII, [450]
- Blockade against Germany, III, [181]
- Blücher, sinking of, II, [255]
- Blue Line, VIII, [377]
- Board of Pension Commissioners, in Canada, VIII, [442]
- Boehm, General von, commands Germans on the Marne, VII, [327]
- Boehm, General von, retreat specialist, VIII, [23]
- Boiry, taken by Canadians, VIII, [35]
- Bois-des-Loges, VIII, [19]
- Bois du Sart, occupied, VIII, [33]
- Bois-en-Hache, VIII, [361]
- Bois Normand, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, [289]
- Bolimow, fighting around, II, [470]
- Bolsheviki, emergence of, VII, [135]
- Bolsheviki, negotiations with Germany, VII, [155]
- Bolshevist revolution, VII, [142]
- Bombs in trenches, I, [74]
- Bordeaux district, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, [289]
- Borden, Sir Robert, Canadian premier, VIII, [264]
- Bosnia, annexation of, I, [147]
- Bosnia, fighting in, II, [360]
- Botha, General, III, [74], [488]
- Bouguignon, taken, VIII, [28]
- Bourlon Wood, VIII, [397]
- Bourlon Wood, British withdrawal from, VII, [67]
- Bourre River, VIII, [16]
- Boyadjieff, General, commands Bulgarian First Army, IV, [270]
- Boyle, Colonel, killed at Ypres, VIII, [311]
- Braches, taken, VIII, [15]
- Bray, captured, VIII, [30]
- Bray-Corbie road, British retake position, VIII, [12]
- Bregalnitza, battle of, I, [257]
- Bremen, exploits of, VI, [190]
- Brenta River, fighting along, V, [278]
- Breslau, II, [494]
- Brest-Litovsk, II, [447]
- Brest-Litovsk, capture of, by Germans, IV, [196]
- Brest-Litovsk conference, VII, [418], [420]
- Briey, American troops pass through, VIII, [79]
- British armies, mobilized, I, [304]
- British assault at Ypres in October, VII, [43]
- British attack near Lens, IV, [82]
- British blockade, effect of, on Austria-Hungary, III, [181]
- British commerce, II, [456]
- British declaration of war against Germany, I, [283]
- British East Africa, I, [180]
- British Empire, area of, I, [286]
- British Expeditionary Force, II, [34]
- British Expeditionary Force, enters Jerusalem, VIII, [113]
- British Expeditionary Force landing in France, IV, [40]
- British front, VIII, [304]
- British gain on Somme, VI, [14]
- British Grand Fleet, at naval surrender, VIII, [147]
- British, in Italy, VIII, [134]
- British losses at Jutland naval battle, V, [94]-98
- British losses to December, 1915, IV, [117]
- British navy, effect on war, I, [18]
- British offensive in Artois, IV, [82]
- British operations in Flanders in 1917, VII, [30]
- British possessions in Africa, I, [181]
- British seizure of ships of American registry, V, [49]
- British squadron bombards Belgian coast in November, 1915, IV, [112]
- British successes between Ancre and Somme Rivers, VII, [304]
- British successes in Artois, IV, [85]
- Brown, General Preston, VIII, [186]
- Bruges, occupation of, II, [169]
- Brussels, surrender of, II, [31]
- Brussilov, General, operations of, V, [156]
- Brutinel, General R., VIII, [385]
- Bryan, William Jennings, connection with peace propaganda, VI, [295]
- Buchanan, Sir George, I, [376]
- Bucharest, capture of, VI, [119]
- Buissy Switch Line, taken by Canadians, VIII, [395], [396]
- Bukoba, capture of, III, [494]
- Bukowina, operations in, IV, [227]
- Bukowina, Russian occupation, III, [238]
- Bukowina, Russian reconquest of, V, [162]-172
- Bulgaria, conditions for neutrality, IV, [257]
- Bulgaria, attacks Serbia, I, [330]
- Bulgaria, history of, I, [224]
- Bulgarian advances in Serbia, IV, [273]
- Bulgarian declaration of war on Serbia, IV, [269]
- Bulgarian demands, III, [378]
- Bulgarians, defeat of, in November, 1916, VI, [138]
- Bullard, General, VIII, [156], [167], [178]
- Bullard, General Robert, commands American Second Army, VIII, [189]
- Bullecourt, German counterattacks at, VIII, [37]
- Bülow, General, in Battle of Marne, II, [94]
- Bülow, General von, commands German Second Army, II, [10]
- Bundy, General, VIII, [156]
- Burian, Baron, letter of Ambassador Dumba proposing munition strikes in United States, V, [9]
- Burrel, Martin, Canadian Minister of Agriculture, VIII, [265]
- Burstall, Colonel E. H., at Valcartier Camp, VIII, [268]
- Burstall, General, commands Canadian Second Division, VIII, [358]
- Burstall, General, directs bombardment, VIII, [329]
- Butte de Mesnil, VIII, [47]
- Buzancy, objective of the Americans, VIII, [176]
- Byng, General, commands Canadian troops, VIII, [253], [357]
- Byng, General Sir Julian, on Ancre front, VIII, [27], [29]
- Byng, General Sir Julian, on Cambrai front, VIII, [47]
- Byng, General Sir Julian, succeeds Alderson, VIII, [349]
- Bzura, battle along, II, [492]
- Cachten, taken by Belgians, VIII, [60]
- Cadorna, General, strategy of, III, [404]
- Caillette Wood, German repulse at, V, [354]
- Calais, air raids on, IV, [24]
- Calais, bombardment of, by destroyer flotilla, VI, [482]
- Calthrop, Vice Admiral, negotiates armistice with Turkey, VIII, [136]
- Cambon, J., report on German conditions in 1913, I, [328]-330
- Cambrai, advance toward, VIII, [49]
- Cambrai area, German gains in, VII, [66]
- Cambrai, Canadian and English troops in, VIII, [57]
- Cambrai, deeds of American engineers at, VII, [94]
- Cambrai, fired by Germans, VIII, [52], [403]
- Cambrai salient, German assaults against, VII, [285]
- Cameron, General, in Meuse-Argonne offensive, VIII, [178]
- Cameroons, campaign in, III, [62]-68
- Canada, at beginning of war, VIII, [259]
- Canada distributes questionnaires to soldiers, VIII, [452]
- Canada, economically independent, VIII, [261]
- Canada, financial depression in, VIII, [426]
- Canada's gifts to Great Britain, VIII, [424]
- Canada, military policy in, VIII, [249]
- Canada, national loans in, VIII, [252]
- Canada, rapid enlistment in, VIII, [250], [270]
- Canada, ships war material overseas, VIII, [267]
- Canadian Air Force Section of Canadian General Staff, VIII, [296]
- Canadian Army Corps, advance in October and November, 1918, VIII, [421]
- Canadian Army Corps in battle of August 8, 1918, VIII, [384]
- Canadian Army Corps, casualties of, VIII, [406], [422]
- Canadian Army Corps, casualties in battle of August, 1918, VIII, [389]
- Canadian Army Corps, April 8, 1918, VIII, [378]
- Canadian Army Corps, length of front in German offensive, 1918, VIII, [381]
- Canadian Army Corps, October 3, 1918, VIII, [400]
- Canadian Army Corps, October 11, 1918, VIII, [406]
- Canadian Army Dental Corps, VIII, [300]
- Canadian Cavalry Brigade, VIII, [286]
- Canadian Conscription Bill, VIII, [273]
- Canadian Flying Corps, equipment and formation of, VIII, [296]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, VIII, [304], [308]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, mobilization camps, VIII, [274]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, numbers at the front, VIII, [367]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, occupations represented, VIII, [284]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, officers of, VIII, [274], [367]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, reaches England, VIII, [303]
- Canadian Expeditionary Force, return of troops, VIII, [258]
- Canadian First Division, June, 1916, VIII, [349]
- Canadian First Division, VIII, [339], [355], [409], [410], [412]
- Canadian First Division, how constituted, VIII, [285]
- Canadian First Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, [372], [374], [376], [381], [383], [386]
- Canadian First Division organized, VIII, [267]
- Canadian First Division relieves Australians at Pozières, VIII, [357]
- Canadian Forestry Battalion, VIII, [288]
- Canadian Forestry Corps, VIII, [287], [288], [290]
- Canadian Fourth Division, VIII, [409], [410], [412], [417]
- Canadian Fourth Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, [372], [376], [381], [383], [387]
- Canadian Fifth Division, VIII, [377]
- Canadian Headquarters Staff in England, VIII, [302]
- Canadian hospitals, VIII, [299]
- Canadian Independent Force, VIII, [385]
- Canadian Lumber Battalion, VIII, [288]
- Canadian Machine-Gun Battalion, VIII, [379]
- Canadian Medical Corps, VIII, [298]
- Canadian military establishment in England, VIII, [302]
- Canadian Militia Council, members of, VIII, [266]
- Canadian mobilization camps, VIII, [268]
- Canadian Motor Machine-Gun Brigade, VIII, [380]
- Canadian National Service Board, VIII, [271]
- Canadian Patriotic Fund, VIII, [443]
- Canadian Railway Corps, VIII, [287]
- Canadian Railway Corps, contingent reaches France, VIII, [293]
- Canadian Railway Corps, honors received by, VIII, [295]
- Canadian Railway Corps, send contingent to Palestine, VIII, [294]
- Canadian Railway troops, lay tracks to top of Vimy Ridge, VIII, [293]
- Canadian Railway troops, lines under fire at Ypres, VIII, [294]
- Canadian Red Cross, VIII, [425], [463]
- Canadian Second Division in Battle of the Somme, VIII, [357]
- Canadian Second Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, [374], [376], [382], [383], [389], [404], [408], [418]
- Canadian Second Division, June, 1916, VIII, [349]
- Canadian Second Division, reaches England, VIII, [339]
- Canadian Tank Battalion, VIII, [297]
- Canadian Third Brigade, at second battle of Ypres, VIII, [309]
- Canadian Third Division, VIII, [413], [417]
- Canadian Third Division in Battle of the Somme, VIII, [357]
- Canadian Third Division in 1918 battles, VIII, [349], [372], [375], [376], [378], [381], [383], [387], [392], [402], [413], [417]
- Canadian Training Depot, in England, VIII, [304]
- Canadian War Trade Board, VIII, [435]
- Canadians at Arras, VI, [56]
- Canadians, capture of Passchendaele by, VII, [55]
- Canadians, from Arras to Cambrai, VIII, [40]
- Canadians take Wancourt, VIII, [33]
- Canal de l'Escaut, VIII, [398]
- Canal du Nord, crossed by the British, VIII, [41]
- Canal du Nord, enemy retires behind, VIII, [395]
- Canopus, sinking of, II, [223]
- Cantigny, VIII, [159]
- Cantigny, capture of, by Americans, VII, [374]
- Cantonments and camps in the United States, VII, [345]
- Carency, surrender of, III, [125]
- Carey, General, with Scratch Division, VII, [277]
- Carnic Alps, conditions in, V, [289]
- Carpathia, sinking of, VII, [467]
- Carpathian Mountain passes, advance of Russians toward, V, [207]
- Carpathian Mountains, II, [275]
- Carpathians, campaign in, III, [235]-241
- Carpathians, fighting in, VI, [91], [442]
- Carso Plateau, attack on, by Italian artillery, VI, [155], [464]
- Castelnau, General de, II, [43]
- Castelnau, General, commander French Second Army, II, [76]
- Casualties, of Allies, VIII, [18]
- Catillon, taken by British, VIII, [67]
- Cattaro, bombardment of, II, [359]
- Caucasus, campaign in, IV, [380]
- Caucasus, operations in, III, [9]
- Caucasus, the, II, [286]
- Cavell, Edith, case of, IV [98]-101
- Celtic, sinking of, VII, [464]
- Central Powers, population of, I, [291], [295]
- Challerange, occupied, VIII, [54]
- Champagne, campaign in, March, 1916, V, [68]
- Champagne, French activities in, VII, [34]
- Champagne, French progress in, VI, [249]
- Champagne, German attacks in, VIII, [57]
- Champagne, Germans give way in, VIII, [55]
- Champagne offensive, opening of, IV, [61]
- Charleroi, Battle of, II, [54]-59; IV, [40]
- Charleroi, French withdraw from, II, [59]
- Charles Francis Joseph, Archduke, V, [249]
- Château-Thierry, VIII, [159]
- Château-Thierry, Americans at, VII, [378], [380]
- Château-Thierry, name given to American engagements in Second Battle of the Marne, VIII, [160]
- Chaulnes, capture of, VIII, [34]
- Chaulnes-Roye Road, VIII, [21]
- Chavigny, in counteroffensive, VII, [335]
- Cheluwe, taken by British, VIII, [52]
- Chemin-des-Dames, VIII, [51], [58]
- Chemin-des-Dames, Americans on, VII, [365]
- Chemin-des-Dames, German assault upon, VII, [307]
- Chemin-des-Dames, taken by the French, VI, [363]; VII, [54]
- Chérisy, occupied by British, VIII, [33]
- Chiese River, crossed by Italians, VIII, [99]
- China, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, [231]
- Chipilly Spur, VIII, [18]
- Church and state, I, [169]
- "Circular Note" to European Powers, I, [270]
- City of Memphis, sinking by German submarine, VI, [317]
- Claude Farm, taken, VIII, [21]
- Clemenceau, president, presides at the Peace Conference, VIII, [195]
- Coal, embargo on, VII, [131]
- Coblenz, British air raids on, VII, [482]
- Cochrane, Hon. F., Canadian Minister of Railways, VIII, [265]
- Coderre, Hon. Louis, Canadian Secretary of State, VIII, [266]
- Col di Lana, Italian attack on, V, [231]
- Collo, Italian successes in, IV, [413]
- Cologne, occupied by British, VIII, [79]
- Colonial possessions of Great Britain, I, [174]
- Combles, repulse of German attack on, VI, [18], [25]
- Concentration camps, construction of, VI, [350]
- Concilles-Epayelles, VIII, [17]
- Confederation of North German states, I, [128]
- Congress, American, McLemore resolution in, IV, [505]
- Congress, war appropriations by, VII, [111]
- Congress war discussion in, V, [433]
- Connaught, Duke of, VIII, [424]
- Conspiracies in the United States, V, [13]-28
- Constantine, King, forces Venizelos to resign, IV, [264]
- Constituent Assembly, dissolution of, VII, [183]
- Cooper, Colonel John A., VIII, [249]
- Coronel, Battle of, II, [222]
- Cossacks, rebellion of, VII, [160]
- Cossacks, repulse of Turkish troops by, V, [303]
- Coucy-le-Château, VIII, [28]
- Council of Workingmen and Soldiers, VI, [405]-410
- Counteroffensive of the Allies, VII, [325], [328]
- Courcelette, taken by Canadians, VIII, [357]
- Courland coast, bombardment of, by Russian torpedo boats, V, [194]
- Courland, invasion of, III, [337]
- Courland, operations in, IV, [185]
- Cracow, attacks on, II, [414]-416
- Cradock, Admiral, in Battle of Coronel, II, [222]
- Cramaille, taken by French, VIII, [9]
- Cramoiselle, taken by the French, VIII, [9]
- Craonne, capture of, VI, [256]
- Craters, Canadians battle for, VIII, [344]-349
- Craters, Canadians abandon, VIII, [349]
- Crèvecœur, VIII, [52]
- Croisilles and La Fère, German attack between, VII, [275]
- Croisilles, taken, VIII, [30], [35]
- Cromie, Captain, murder of, in Russia, VIII, [93]-94
- Crothers, Hon. T. W., Canadian Minister of Labor, VIII, [265]
- Crown Prince, Bavarian, II, [10]
- Crown Prince, German, II, [10]
- Cruisers, battle, importance of, I, [21]
- Ctesiphon, battle of, IV, [437]-443
- Cumières, German attempts to retake, V, [347]
- Curly, taken by British, VIII, [35]
- Currie, General, at second battle of Ypres, VIII, [315]
- Currie, General, at Valenciennes, VIII, [71]
- Currie, General, commands Canadian First Division, VIII, [340]
- Currie, General, reports on August 1918, battle, VIII, [389]
- Currie, General Sir Arthur, VIII, [385]
- Currie, General Sir Arthur, commands Canadian Corps, VIII, [364], [367], [368]
- Cuvilly, taken by French, VIII, [18]
- Cyril, Grand Duke, II, [486]
- Czarina, influence of, VI, [373]
- Czechoslovak army, VIII, [86]
- Czechoslovak State, VIII, [228]
- Czechoslovaks in Italy, VIII, [105]
- Czechoslovaks in Russia, VIII, [80]
- Czechoslovaks in Siberia, VII, [444]
- Czernowitz, capture of, V, [169]
- Czernowitz, Russian retreat at, II, [413]
- Dankl, retreat of, II, [392]
- Dardanelles, aeroplanes at, I, [23]
- Dardanelles campaign, abandonment of, reasons for, IV, [363]
- Dardanelles, reenforcements, IV, [345]
- Danzig, to be a free city, VIII, [225]
- Dead Man Hill, capture of, by France, VII, [26]
- Deaths' Head Hussars, II, [154]
- Debeney, General, VIII, [46], [59], [65]
- Debeney, General, captures Roye, VIII, [33]
- Debts, prewar, VIII, [242]
- Delarey, General, III, [73]
- Demery, taken, VIII, [21]
- Demobilization, in Canada. VIII, [438]
- Deniécourt, capture of, VI, [26]
- Denmark, German boundary to be determined, VIII, [230]
- Destroyers, achievements of, I, [17]
- Destroyers, employment of, VII, [120]
- Deutschland, German merchant submarine, V, [111], [112]
- De Wet, General, III, [70]
- Diaz, General, plans Italian counteroffensive, VIII, [96]
- Dickman, General, VIII, [159], [189]
- Dickman, General, commands American Army of Occupation, VIII, [79]
- Diplomatic exchanges, first, prior to war, I, [322]
- Diplomatic notes, before beginning war, I, [270]
- Diplomatic papers, comparative number of, I, [313]
- Dixmude, British and French attacks at, VI, [287]
- Dixmude, German attack on, IV, [87]
- Dixmude-Ypres front, VIII, [49]
- Djemel Pasha, II, [500]
- Dobrudja, Germans retire, VI, [111]
- Dodo Woods, taken by the British, VIII, [15]
- Doherty, Hon. C. J., Canadian Minister of Justice, VIII, [265]
- Dolomite passes, III, [393]
- Domaine Wood, occupied by the French, VIII, [33]
- Dominion Day, July 1, 1918, VIII, [383]
- Douai, invested by British, VIII, [59]
- Douaumont, French attempts to retake, V, [363]
- Douaumont, French recapture of, VI, [34]
- Douaumont, German attack at, V, [344]
- Draper, General, VIII, [392]
- Dresden, German raider, III, [182]
- Drocourt-Queant line, objective of Canadians, VIII, [391]
- Dubail, General, commander French First Army, II, [76]
- Dubno Fortress, capture of, by Russians, V, [161]
- Dubno Fortress, strength of, IV, [210]-211
- Dukhonin, General, murder of, VII, [160]
- Dukla Pass, fighting at, III, [261]
- Duma, defiance of Czar by, VI, [389]
- Duma, meeting of, in 1916, VI, [383]
- Dumba, Dr., recall by Austro-Hungarian Government, V, [11]
- Dunajec, Battle of, III, [267]-273
- Dunkirk, bombardment of, by German destroyers, VI, [482]
- Durazzo, Austrian capture of, IV, [328]
- Dvina, crossed by Russians, VI, [80]
- Dvinsk, fighting around, IV, [213]
- Dyer, General, VIII, [392]
- East Africa, conquest of, VII, [244]
- Eastern battle front, conditions on, spring of 1916, V, [116]
- Eastern front, summary of first year's operations, IV, [174]-178
- Eastern front, winter on, IV, [250]-254
- East Prussia, devastation in, III, [313], [317]
- Eaucourt, l'Abbaye, British capture of, VI, [28]
- Ebert, Friedrich, VIII, [111]
- Ecouvillon, VIII, [21]
- Edea, capture of, III, [67]
- Edward VII, I, [182]
- Edwards, General, VIII, [146]
- Egypt, Abbas II deposed, III, [21]
- Egypt, attack on, III, [15]
- Egypt, Germany recognizes British protectorate, VIII, [232]
- Egypt, Turkish attack on, III, [507]
- El Kantara, fighting at, IV, [10]
- Elmsley, General J. H, VIII, [358]
- Emden, career of, II, [226]
- Emden, story of, III, [193]-205
- Emmich, General von, II, [18]
- Engineers, American, deeds of, at Cambrai, VII, [94]
- Engineers, American, with General Carey, VII, [369]
- England air raids on, IV, [21]
- England, east coast, attacked by German Zeppelins, II, [460]
- England, political tendencies of, I, [172]
- Enver Pasha, II, [499]
- Erzerum, evacuation of, IV, [389]
- Erzerum, operations around, III, [9]
- Erzerum, Turkish losses at, IV, [391]
- Erzingan, capture of, by Russians, V, [339]
- Escaudœuvres, taken by Canadians, VIII, [403]
- Esperey, General Franchet d', commander French Fifth Army, II, [77]
- Espionage Bill, divisions of, VI, [338]
- Exports, embargo on, VI, [341]
- Eydtkuhnen, attack on, III, [317]
- Falkenhayn, General, operations in Transylvania, VI, [113]
- Falkenhayn, General von, in Rumania, V, [109]
- Falklands, battle off, II, [230]
- Far Eastern problem in 1910, I, [140]
- Farquhar, Colonel Francis, killed in action, VIII, [307]
- Farquhar, Lieut. Col., commands Princess Pats, VIII, [285]
- Fashoda, I, [166]
- Faverolles, taken by French, VIII, [18]
- Fayolle, General, holds 30-mile gap, VII, [277]
- Federal control for militia, I, [13]
- Ferdinand, King, decision to join Central Powers, IV, [257]
- Ferdinand, King of Bulgaria, I, [234]
- Fère Champenoise, maneuvers of, II, [129]
- Fère-en-Tardenois, German dynamite houses in, VIII, [10]
- Festubert, battle of, III, [128]-134
- Festubert, battle of, VIII, [322]
- Fifth British Army, retires in German offensive, VII, [276]
- Fifth Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, [353]
- Finland, agitation for separate government, VII, [140]
- Finland, attitude toward the Germans, VII, [431]
- Finland, German operations in, VII, [431]
- Finnish Government, aims of, VII, [431]
- First Canadian contingent embarks, VIII, [269]
- First Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, [351]
- First Ontario Regiment, work of, III, [143]
- First year's operations on eastern front, summary of, IV, [174]-178
- First year's operations on western front, summary of, IV, [39]-46
- Fiset, Colonel E., Canadian Deputy Minister, VIII, [266]
- Fismes, Americans reach, VII, [416]
- Fismes, capture of, VIII, [11]
- Flags, neutral, use of, III, [173]
- Flame jets, German use of, on the Somme, VI, [20]
- "Flaming bullets," use of, by Germans, VII, [38]
- Flanders, Belgian and British advance, VIII, [51]
- Flanders, Franco-British offensive, VII, [9]
- Flanders, German raids in, March, 1918, VII, [272]
- Flanders sector, V, [376]
- Flers, captured by British, VI, [23]
- Fleury, German repulse at, V, [368]
- Floods on the eastern front, effect of, V, [141]
- Foch, General, II, [122]
- Foch, General, commander French Ninth Army, II, [94]
- Foch, General Ferdinand, appointment as Generalissimo, VII, [283]
- Foch, General Ferdinand, career of, VII, [284]
- Foch, General, in Battle of the Somme, V, [388]
- Foch, General, strategy of, in Battle of the Marne, II, [122], [129]
- Foch, General, success of, at the Marne, I, [89], [92]
- Foch, Marshal, first part of the program accomplished, VIII, [42]
- Folies, taken by the British, VIII, [18]
- Fontaine-les-Croisilles, taken by Canadian and Scottish, VIII, [33]
- Fontaine-Notre-Dame, VIII, [398]
- Food control, governmental, VII, [125]
- Ford peace expedition, V, [53], [55]
- Ford permanent peace board, V, [55]
- Forges, German occupation of, V, [345]
- Fort Loncin, surrenders, II, [21]
- Foster, Sir George E., Canadian Minister of Trade and Commerce, VIII, [265]
- Fouquescourt, VIII, [19]
- "Fourteen Points" of President Wilson, VIII, [108]
- Fourth Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, [351]
- France, expansion of, I, [29]
- Francilly-Silency, VIII, [44], [47]
- Francis, David R., American Ambassador to Russia, VIII, [91]
- Francis Ferdinand, assassination of, I, [260]
- Franco-British offensive in Flanders, VII, [9]
- Franco-Bulgarian operations, IV, [317]-318
- Franco-Prussian War, I, [129]
- Franz Ferdinand, diplomatic exchanges in regard to assassination I, [341]
- French advance in Flanders in October, 1917, VII, [51]
- French and British envoys, visit of, VI, [351]
- French armies, mobilization of, I, [297]-303
- French attack on Douaumont, account of, V, [342]-344
- French attacks north of the Aisne, VII, [47]
- French attacks in the Vosges in July and August, 1915, IV, [51]
- French battle plane, V, [429]
- French colonial expansion, I, [164]
- French, General Sir John, attacks Lens, IV, [82]
- French, General Sir John, commander British forces, II, [61]
- French, General Sir John, order of, at Marne, II, [105]
- French in Alsace, IV, [70]
- French offensive on Somme, VI, [13]
- French offensive at Verdun, renewal of, VII, [28]
- French, Sir John, II, [34], [115]
- French victories at Rheims, VI, [241]
- French victories at Verdun, VI, [52]
- French victories between Soissons and Rheims, VI, [240]
- Fresmières threatened, VIII, [25]
- Fresnoy, French attack on, VIII, [32]
- Fresnoy-le-Grand, VIII, [55]
- Fresnoy, taken by the Canadians, VIII, [56], [363]
- Fricourt, British attack upon, V, [393]
- Freya Line, broken by the Americans, VIII, [72]
- Galatz, bombardment of, by Bulgarians, VI, [121]
- Galicia, operations in, IV, [185]
- Gallipoli, concentration of Turkish troops at, IV, [357]
- Gallipoli, conditions in August, 1915, IV, [345]
- Gallipoli, landing on, III, [429]-469
- Gallipoli, peninsula of, II, [285]
- Gallipoli, withdrawal from, description of, IV, [366]
- Garua, capture of, III, [483]
- Gas attack at Hooge, III, [148]
- Gas, mustard, VII, [353]
- Gas, use and effects of, I, [53]
- Gas warfare, British use masks at Loos, IV, [94]
- Gas Warfare at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, [309]
- Gauche Wood, VIII, [44]
- Gault, Major A, Hamilton, with "Princess Pats," VIII, [285]
- George, Lloyd, statement in relation to peace, VII, [103]
- Gerard, Ambassador, VI, [297]
- Gerard, Ambassador, experiences of, in Germany, VI, [297]
- German advance in Russia, VII, [422]
- German air raids on Saloniki, V, [216]
- German armies in Poland, command of, IV, [181]
- German armies, mobilization of, I, [292]
- German army in Belgium, composition of, II, [10]
- German artillery, II, [264]
- German assaults on American lines, VII, [356]
- German attacks against Americans in Lorraine, VII, [347]
- German attacks at Verdun, VI, [58]
- German attacks in Rumania, cessation of, VI, [120]
- German attacks near Dvinsk, V, [184]
- German claims of losses by submarines, VI, [478]
- German colonies, VIII, [231]
- German comments on American troops, VII, [89]
- German counteroffensive, VIII, [372]
- German declaration of intentions toward Belgium, I, [487]
- German declaration of war, I, [278]
- German defeat by Americans in Lorraine, VII, [355]
- German destroyers, raid of, VII, [468]
- German East Africa, German strength in, V, [335]
- German edict against armed merchantmen, V, [378]
- German Empire, I, [126]
- German fleet, surrender of, VIII, [147]
- German forces, disposition of, in the Somme sector, V, [378]
- German interned vessels, taken over by the United States, VII, [123]
- German invasion, plan for, II, [10]
- German losses at Jutland naval battle, V, [94]-98
- German losses in Artois, III, [121]
- German losses in Champagne, IV, [78]-79
- German losses in great defensive, VII, [355]
- German losses in retreat across the Marne, VII, [404]
- German losses in Russo-German campaign, II, [482]
- German navy league, I, [141]
- German navy, to be demobilized, VIII, [234]
- German offensive around Cambrai, VII, [69]
- German offensive, breakdown in Champagne, IV, [78]
- German offensive in Artois and Champagne, October, 1915, IV, [105], [125]
- German peace proposals, rejection of, by Trotzky, VII, [181]
- German peace terms, acceptance of, by Russia, VII, [425]
- German plots in United States in 1915, V, [12]
- German preparations for attack on Verdun, IV, [132]
- German prisoners taken at Ypres, VII, [41]
- German prisoners taken by French, VII, [53]
- German proposals to Belgium, I, [280]
- German raiders, damage by, III, [188]
- German raids on the English coast, VI, [482]
- German reenforcements from Russia, VII, [282]
- German reply to Pope, VII, [100]
- German repulse by Americans at Jaulgonne, VII, [379]
- German retreat, beginning of, VII, [330]
- German retreat from Château-Thierry, VII, [381]; VIII, [11]
- German rupture with the United States, VI, [205]-216
- German Samoa, II, [242]
- German ships in American ports, VI, [329]
- German ships seized by America, VII, [123]
- German Southwest Africa, campaign in, III, [68]
- German strategy, I, [34]
- German submarine campaign, IV, [166]
- German submarine decree in the United States, VI, [291]
- German submarine war zone, of February 1, 1917, VI, [208]
- German terms of peace with Russia, VII, [176]-179
- German third offensive, beginning of, VII, [325]
- German troops from Russia, VII, [76]
- Germans, counterattack, VIII, [28]
- Germans, hatred of, in Russia, VII, [443]
- Germans, retreat of, VIII, [58]
- Germany, air forces of, VIII, [234]
- Germany, conditions in, VIII, [106]
- Germany, Japanese declaration of war against, I, [284]
- Germany, must reduce military force, VIII, [232].
- Germany, new boundaries, VIII, [225]
- Germany's declaration of war on Russia, I, [282]
- Germany's letter to Mexico, VI, [312]
- Ghent, air raids on, IV, [34]
- Ghent, occupied by Belgians, VIII, [78]
- Givenchy, Canadians at, VIII, [334]
- Givenchy, operations around, III, [187]
- Goeben, German cruiser, II, [494]
- Gomiecourt, stormed, VIII, [29]
- Goritz bridgehead, Austrian attack on, V, [231]
- Goritz, capture of, VI, [149]
- Gorizia, attacks on, III, [408]
- Gough, General Hubert, commands Reserve Army, V, [393]
- Gouraud, General, VIII, [59]
- Gouraud, General, enters Sedan, VIII, [76]
- Gouraud, General, in Champagne, VIII, [47], [53]
- Gouraud, General, on Hindenburg Line, VIII, [48], [50]
- Gouy, taken, VIII, [53]
- Gouzeaucourt, German attack near, VIII, [44]
- Government, reorganization of, in Russia, VI, [395]
- Grand Pré, fighting at, VIII, [63]
- Graves, General William S., VIII, [86]
- Graves of soldiers, to be respected and maintained, VIII, [234]
- Great Britain, geographical position of, I, [289]
- Great War, causes of, I, [258]
- Greece, attitude of, IV, [280]
- Greece, British statement in regard to, IV, [313]
- Greece, conditions in, VII, [369]
- Greece, political conditions in, VI, [126]
- Greek fleet, seized by Allies, VI, [137]
- Greek Forces, demobilization of, V, [223]
- Greek frontier, Bulgarians cross, V, [214]
- Greek Government, attack by Venizelos, IV, [311]
- Greek Provisional Government declares war on Germany, VI, [144]
- Grey, Sir Edward, declaration in regard to neutrality, I, [281], [316]
- Grey, Sir Edward, note to American Government on British blockading, V, [30]
- Guillemat, General, in drive on Hindenburg position, VIII, [69]
- Guns, long-range, bombard Paris, VII, [277]
- Guynemer, George, death of, VII, [39]
- Gwatkin, Colonel W. G., Canadian Chief of Staff, VIII, [266]
- Haig, Field Marshal, attacks army of Prince Rupprecht, VIII, [12]
- Haig, Field Marshal, launches offensive of 1918, VIII, [49]
- Haig, Field Marshal, wins victory of August 8, 1919, VIII, [13]
- Haig, General Sir Douglas, in Battle of the Aisne, II, [144], [146]
- Haig, General Sir Douglas, at Battle of Mons, II, [60]
- Haig, General Sir Douglas, in 1915 offensive, VIII, [323]
- Haig, Sir Douglas, message of King George to, V, [389]
- Haig, Sir Douglas, promoted to Commander in Chief, VI, [59]
- Haig, Sir Douglas, report of, on Canadian operations, VIII, [362]
- Haig, Sir Douglas, succeeds Sir John French, IV, [116]
- Haldane, General, takes Flesquières, VIII, [48]
- Halicz, battle of, III, [249]
- Hamel, Americans with Australians, VII, [399]
- Hamel Woods, taken, VIII, [15]
- Hamilton, Sir Ian, plans of, III, [437]
- Hamilton, Sir Ian, report of Gallipoli operations, IV, [362]
- Hampshire, loss of, V, [108]
- Harbord, General, VIII, [159], [167]
- Hardecourt, taken by British, VIII, [35]
- Hartmannsweilerkopf, III, [115]
- Hartmannsweilerkopf, operations at, in January, 1916, IV, [123]
- Hansen, General von, II, [56], [94]
- Haute Deule Canal, crossed by British, VIII, [60]
- Havrincourt, captured, VIII, [44]
- Hazen, J. Douglas, Canadian Minister of Marine, Fisheries, and Naval Affairs, VIII, [265]
- Hedjaz, operations in, VII, [240]-242
- Heeringen, General von, II, [10]
- Hendecourt, German counterattacks at, VIII, [37]
- Hermannstadt, attack on, by Germans, VI, [105]
- Hertling, Chancellor von, resignation of, VIII, [108]
- Herzegovina, annexation of, I, [147]
- Hewlett, Francis E. T., II, [244]
- Hill, General F. W., VIII, [358]
- Hill 62, Canadians at, VIII, [353]
- Hill 70, taken by the Canadians, VIII, [365]
- Hill 204, capture of, by Americans, VII, [401]
- Hill 304, battle of, V, [361]-371
- Hill 304, captured by French, VII, [28]
- Hindenburg, Field Marshal von, IV, [181]; V, [164]
- Hindenburg, General von, II, [439]
- Hindenburg Line, British attacks on, VIII, [363]
- Hindenburg Line, British offensive against, VII, [58]
- Hindenburg Line, broken, VIII, [54], [56], [57]
- Hindenburg Line, positions occupied by the Allies, VIII, [33]
- Hipper, Admiral von, in Battle of Jutland Bank, V, [75]
- Hirson, occupied by the French, VIII, [75]
- Hohenzollern Redoubt, V, [373]
- Holland and Belgium, I, [283]
- "Holy War," danger of, III, [21]
- Home Battalions in Canada, VIII, [253]
- Home Rule Bill in Ireland, I, [43]
- Hooge, fight for, VIII, [354]
- Hooge, loss of, VIII, [355]
- Hooge, operations around, III, [140]
- Hoover, Herbert C., VII, [125]
- Hoover, Herbert C., named Food Administrator by President Wilson, VI, [335]
- Horne, General Sir Henry, on Cambrai front, VIII, [47]
- Hughes Brigade, VIII, [380]
- Hughes, General Garnet B., VIII, [355], [358]
- Hughes, General W. St. P., VIII, [358]
- Hughes, Hon. Sir Sam, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defense, VIII, [252], [265]
- Hulluch, operations around, IV, [92]
- Humbert, General, VIII, [20]
- Humin, battle of, II, [470]
- Hungarian frontier, operations along, VI, [470]
- Hutier, General von, in retreat, VIII, [19], [25], [65]
- Immelmann, Lieutenant, death of, V, [431]
- Imperial Munitions Board, VIII, [252]
- "Infiltration" of troops, employment of, VII, [401]
- Inter-Allied Naval Council, VII, [81]
- Intercolonial Railroad, in war, VIII, [428]
- Intrenchment, value of, I, [67]
- Ireland, situation in, I, [43]
- Irkutsk incident, VIII, [83]
- Isonzo, battles of, VI, [470]
- Isonzo front, offensive movement along, V, [230]
- Isonzo frontier, battle on, IV, [394]
- Ispaha, capture of, V, [334]
- Isvolsky, A. P., I, [320]
- Italian aeroplane service, development of, IV, [469]
- Italian Alpine troops, V, [268]
- Italian attacks on Monte Rombon, V, [230]
- Italian coast cities shelled by Austrian squadron, IV, [168]
- Italian drive for Trieste, VI, [469]
- Italian front, conditions along, in the spring of 1917, VI, [452]
- Italian landing at Avlona, IV, [327]
- Italian losses in Austrian offensive, V, [257]
- Italian naval bases, IV, [413]
- Italian navy, operations of, IV, [168]
- Italian objective in Istria, IV, [417]
- Italian offensive, VII, [456]
- Italian offensive, stopped, VI, [473]
- Italian strategy, problems of, IV, [404]-408
- Italian war loans, IV, [411]
- Italians, victories of, VIII, [105], [130]
- Italy, American troops in, VII, [346]
- Italy, area of, I, [288]
- Italy, declares neutrality, I, [281]
- Italy, history of, I, [188]
- Italy, revival of military strength, VII, [450]
- Ivangorod, capture of, III, [365]
- Ivangorod, fighting around, II, [458]
- Jablonitza, evacuation of, by Russians, VI, [75]
- Jagow, Von, G., I, [323]
- Japan; action of, in Siberia, VII, [432]
- Japan and Russia, friendly relations between, V, [61]
- Japan, in siege of Kiao-Chau, II, [221]
- Japan, modern history of, I, [200]
- Japan, reasons for entering the war, II, [445]
- Japanese, at Vladivostok, VIII, [86]
- Jaroslav, recapture of, II, [411]
- Jaulgonne, VII, [327], [402]
- Jellicoe, Admiral, movements at Jutland naval battle, V, [73]-108
- Jellicoe, Admiral, official report of Jutland battle, V, [90]
- Jerusalem, capture of, VII, [223]-232
- Jerusalem, surrender of, VIII, [113]
- Jewish persecutions in Russia, I, [153]
- Jews in the Balkans, I, [221]
- Joffre, General, II, [38]
- Joffre, General, appointed Commander in Chief of all French armies, IV, [115]
- Joffre, General, campaign plan, I, [89]
- Joffre, General, gives orders of August, 25, 1914, II, [78]
- Joffre, plan of retreat to the Marne, IV, [41]
- Jura Mountains, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, [289]
- Jutland Bank, battle of, V, [70]-108
- Jutland, naval engagement off, IV, [150]
- Juvigny, in counteroffensive, VII, [335]
- Juvigny Plateau, won by Mangin's troops, VIII, [30]
- Kaiser and King of Belgium, interview between, I, [341]
- Kaledine, General, VII, [139], [167]
- Kalkfield, capture of, III, [489]
- Kamimura, Admiral Hilkonijo, commander Japanese fleet, III, [52]
- Kamio, General Mitsuomi, commander expedition against Kiao-Chau, III, [52]
- Kantara, German aeroplane raid on, V, [431]
- Kara-Argan, battle of, III, [12]
- Kars, attacks on, III, [471]
- Katshanik Pass, Serbian resistance at, IV, [293]
- Katshanik Pass, Serbian stand at, IV, [272]
- Kemp, Hon. A. E., Canadian Minister without portfolio, VIII, [265]
- Kemp, Rear Admiral, VIII, [89]
- Kemp, Sir Edward, VIII, [253], [255]
- Kensington Territorial Battalion, III, [131]
- Kerensky, Alexander, in Russian Revolution, VI, [393], [419], [497]
- Kerensky, downfall of, VII, [137], [146]
- Kermanshah, capture of, by Russians, V, [332]
- Ketchen, General H. D. B., VIII, [358]
- Khaki University, VIII, [454], [455]
- Kiao-Chau, a German concession, III, [46]
- Kiao-Chau, German Emperor commands to resist, I, [285]
- Kiel Canal, to be free and open, VIII, [245]
- Kimpolung, capture of, by Russians, V, [187]
- King Edward VII, British dreadnought, loss of, IV, [164]
- Kitchener, Earl, II, [34], [47], [305]
- Kluck, General von, commander German First Army, II, [9], [86], [87]
- Kluck, Von, retreat of, II, [12]
- Königsberg, fighting around, II, [479]
- Kornilov, General, rebellion against Soviets, VII, [137]
- Kossovo Plain, IV, [297], [298]
- Kovel, German resistance near, V, [167]
- Kovess, General, in invasion of Serbia, IV, [276]
- Kovno, attack on, IV, [182]
- Kovno, battles around, III, [342]
- Kovno, capture of, IV, [183]
- Koziowa, attacks on, III, [246]
- Kragujevatz, capture of, IV, [280]
- Krasnik, battle of, III, [348]
- Krithia, attacks on, III, [454]
- Krithia, attacks on, by Turkish forces, III, [454]
- Kronprinz Wilhelm, cruiser, II, [226]
- Kronprinz Wilhelm, raider, III, [187]
- Kronstadt, mutiny of Russian fleet of, VI, [414]
- Kum Kale Fort, III, [438]
- Kurna, capture of, II, [509]
- Kut-el-Amara, battle of, IV, [425]-436
- Kut-el-Amara, British stand at, IV, [444]
- Kut-el-Amara, surrender of, III, [502]
- La Bassée, attacks on, II, [178]-192
- La Bassée Canal, German retreat on, VIII, [53]
- La Bassée, operations around, IV, [44]
- La Boisselle, British attack upon, V, [385]
- La Boisselle, mine explosion, III, [151]
- Labor, International, VIII, [245]
- Labor Peace Council, organization of, V, [24]
- Labyrinth, attacks on, III, [122]-123
- Labyrinth, the, IV, [108]
- La Carlotte, taken by the Canadians, VII, [364]
- La Cateau, taken, VIII, [58]
- Lafayette Escadrille, VI, [490]
- Laffaux Mill, taken, VIII, [43]
- Lake Nyassa, battle in, II, [243]
- Langle de Gary, General, II, [55]
- La Neuville, taken, VIII, [15]
- Lansing, Secretary, answer to German proposals, VI, [294]
- Lansing, Secretary, conversations with Count von Bernstorff, on Lusitania, IV, [497]
- La Provence, sinking of, IV, [172]
- Lassigny, VIII, [19], [26]
- Laurezac, General, commander French Fifth Army, II, [77]
- Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, on the war, VIII, [423]
- La Vacquerie, taken, VIII, [51]
- Lawe River, VIII, [16]
- League of Nations Covenant, adopted, VIII, [221]
- League of Nations, plan adopted, VIII, [200]
- Leckie, General, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, [310]
- Lehaucourt, taken, VIII, [51]
- Le Jeune, General, VIII, [184]
- Leman, General, defender Liege, II, [15], [19]
- Lemberg, capture of, II, [387]
- Lemberg, drive against, summer of 1916, VI, [70]-78, [84]
- Lemberg, threatened capture of, by Russians, V, [163]
- Le Mesnil sector, movements in, IV, [107]
- Lempire, VIII, [44], [46]
- Lenine, arrives in Russia, VI, [408]
- Lenine, declaration on peace, VII, [154]
- Lenine, influence of, VI, [408]
- Lenine, Russian Premier, attempt to assassinate, VIII, [93]
- Lens-Armentières front, German retreat on, VIII, [55]
- Lens, attack around, IV, [82]
- Lens, attack on Aubers Ridge, VIII, [323]
- Lens, British successes at, VII, [13]
- Lens, British reach outskirts, VIII, [39]
- Lens, Canadian successes at, VII, [32]
- Lens, conditions in, VI, [245]
- Lens front, activity on, VIII, [364]
- Lens, result of German bombardment of, VII, [18]
- Les Eparges, fighting at, III, [118]
- Les Eparges, French capture of, IV, [43]
- Leveque Wood, machine-gun nests in, VIII, [68]
- Liberia, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, [231]
- Liberty Loans, VI, [344]; VII, [112]
- Lichnowsky, I, [323]
- Liege, capture of, II, [22]
- Liege Forts, fall of, IV, [39]
- Liege, siege and capture of, II, [12]
- Liggett, General Hunter, VIII, [167], [178]
- Liggett, General Hunter, commands American First Army, VIII, [189]
- Lihons, capture of German division at, VIII, [18]
- Lille, evacuated, VIII, [55]
- Linsingen, General von, V, [190], [198]
- Lipa River, crossing of, by Russians, V, [207]
- Lipsett, Colonel, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, [315]
- Lipsett, General L. J., VIII, [355], [372]
- Lipsett, General, commands Canadian Second Brigade, VIII, [340]
- Lipsett, General, commands Canadian Third Division, VIII, [358]
- Liquid fire, employment of, against Americans, VII, [350]
- Lloyd-George, David, I, [185]
- Lloyd-George, Prime Minister, at Peace Conference, VIII, [195]
- Locon, taken by the British, VIII, [16]
- Lodz, fighting around, II, [465]
- Lodz, occupation of, II, [454]
- Lombaertzyde, bombarded, III, [156]
- London, air attacks on, VI, [174]
- London attacked by Zeppelins, IV, [29]
- London, Zeppelin raid on, in October, 1915, IV, [32]
- Longueval, British recapture of, V, [408]
- Longwy, American troops pass through, VIII, [79]
- Loomis, General, F. O., VIII, [358]
- Loos, battle of, IV, [23]; II, [90]-98
- Loos, Hill 70, taken by the Canadians, VIII, [365]
- Loos, operations around, VI, [52]
- Losses, of Allies, VIII, [35]
- Lorraine, American operations in, VII, [347]
- Lorraine, German successes in, VI, [219]
- Lougheed, Hon. J. A., Canadian Minister without portfolio, VIII, [265]
- Louvain, capture of, II, [28]
- Lowestoft, air raid on, IV, [22]
- Lowestoft, raids on, II, [246]
- Lowitz, fighting around, II, [465]-467
- Ludendorff, General, retirement of, VIII, [70]
- Lukoff, capture of, IV, [194]
- Luneville, bombardment of, by German aeroplanes, IV, [54]
- Lusitania crisis in Congress, IV, [496], [502]-503
- Lusitania, sinking of, III, [185], [222]
- Lutsk, capture of, IV, [202]; V, [158]
- Luxemburg, bombardment of, by aeroplanes, IV, [466]
- Luxemburg, invasion of, I, [280]
- Luxemburg, occupation of, by Germans, II, [10]
- Lvov, Prince George, in Russian revolution, VI, [398], [418]
- Lys, Battle of, VIII, [378]
- Lys Canal, crossed by Belgians, VIII, [67]
- Lys region, fighting in, VII, [297]
- Lys Salient, British in, VIII, [25]
- L-19 Zeppelin, loss of, V, [424]
- McAdoo, Wm. G., appointed Director General of Railroads, VII, [131]
- McBain, Lieut. Col. W., at Valcartier Camp, VIII, [268]
- MacBrien, General J. H., VIII, [358]
- MacDonald, Major General D. A., Canadian Quartermaster General, VIII, [266]
- Macdonell, General A. C., VIII, [349], [368], [372]
- Macdonell, General A. C., commands Canadian First Division, VIII, [364]
- Macdonell, General A. H., VIII, [368]
- MacDougall, Brigadier General, commands Canadian training division, VIII, [304]
- Macedonia, Allies in, VI, [124]
- Macedonia, Bulgarian invasion of, IV, [277]
- Macedonia, conditions in, V, [214]
- Macedonia, reforms in, I, [238]
- Macedonia, Serbian advance in, VI, [132]
- Macedonian Bulgars, II, [280]
- McGill University, Canada, number enlisted from, VIII, [284]
- Machinery in the war, I, [66]
- Mackensen, General von, attack by, in Dobrudja, VI, [109]
- Mackensen, General von, begins invasion of Serbia, IV, [263]
- Mackensen, General von, in Galicia, I, [96]
- Mackensen, General von, takes Pinsk, IV, [206]
- McLemore Resolution, IV, [505]; V, [440]
- McNeely, Robert N., death of, IV, [157]
- McPhail's Brigade, VIII, [380]
- Magny-la-Fosse, taken, VIII, [51]
- Mainz, British air raids upon, VII [481]
- Malassise Farm, VIII, [46]
- Maldon, air raid on, IV, [22]
- Malmaison Fort, taken, VIII, [49]
- Malmaison Plateau, VIII, [51]
- Mangin, General, on way to Mayence, VIII, [79]
- Mangin, General, strategy of, VIII [25], [26], [59]
- Mangin, General, takes Soissons VIII, [9]
- Manoury, General, in Battle of the Aisne, II, [134]
- Manoury, General, in Battle of the Marne, II, [99]
- Marcelcave, taken, VIII, [15]
- Marcoing-Masnières line taken VIII, [51]
- Marcoing, taken, VIII, [48]
- Margate, air attack on, VI, [171]
- Mariakerke, bombardment of, aerodromes at, V, [431]
- Marine Corps, exploits of, VII, [395]
- Marines, American, success in Belleau Wood, VII, [384]
- Marne, Americans on, VII, [407]
- Marne, Battle of the, II, [88]-138
- Marne, counterattack on, VII, [406]
- Marne district, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, [289]
- Marne salient, German strength in, VII, [333]
- Marqueglise, taken, VIII, [18]
- Marwitz, General von der, in attack on British Fifth Army, VII, [276]
- Marwitz, General von der, in retreat VIII, [19]
- Massiges, German attack at, IV, [124]
- Massiges sector, IV, [76]
- Matz River, VIII, [17], [20]
- Maude, General, death of, VIII, [114]
- Maurepas, French capture, VI, [15]
- Maximalists, activities of, in Russia VI, [418]
- Max, Prince of Baden, made German Chancellor, VIII, [108]
- Mayence, occupied by French, VIII, [79]
- Mazurian Lakes, battles of, II, [439]; III, [313]
- Medeah Farm, VIII, [54]
- Medical Corps of Canadian Overseas Force, VIII, [297]
- Memel, raid on, III, [334]
- Menin Road, Canadians fight on, VIII, [355]
- Menin Road—Hill 60, VIII, [354]
- Mercer, General, VIII, [338]
- Mercer, General, death of, VIII, [351]
- Merchantmen, armed, German edict against, V, [60]
- Merchantmen, submarine warfare on I, [20]; IV, [499]; V, [60]
- Messines Ridge, attempts of Germans to capture, VII, [293]
- Messines Ridge, German defenses on, VI, [264]
- Messines Ridge, taken by British, VIII, [52]
- Metzeral, capture of, III, [165]
- Meuse-Argonne offensive, VIII, [170]
- Meuse, battles on the left bank of, V, [345]-348
- Meuse, French successes on the left bank, January, 1917, VI, [64]
- Mewburn, General, the Hon. S. C., VIII, [253]
- Mexico. German intrigues in, VI, [312]
- Mézières, deluged with gas and explosives, VIII, [78]
- Microphone, I, [21]
- Milan, patriotic demonstrations, III, [379]
- Military league in Balkans, I, [250]
- Military plans of Central Powers, I, [33]
- Military tribunals, VIII, [235]
- Milukov, Paul, appointed Minister of Foreign Relations, VI, [398], [413]
- Minneapolis, British liner, sinking of, V, [64]
- Miraumont, VIII, [28]
- Mitrovitza, capture of, IV, [300]
- Mlawa, movements before, III, [324]
- Mobilization, diplomatic papers on, I, [405]
- Modern warfare, methods of, I, [66]
- Mœuvres, taken by British, VIII, [45]
- Moewe, German raider, achievements of, IV, [159]
- Moldavia, transport, sunk, VII, [464]
- Monastir, capture of, by Allies, VI, [141]-143
- Monchy-le-Preux, taken by Canadians, VIII, [392]
- Monmouth, cruiser, II, [223]
- Monolithe Farm, taken by the French, VIII, [22]
- Monoplanes, V, [420]
- Mons, battle of, II, [60]-68
- Mons, taken by the British, VIII, [78], [420]
- Montauban, captured, VIII, [34]
- Mont Blanc, taken by French and Americans, VIII, [54]
- Mont des Singes, taken by French, VIII, [43]
- Montdidier, capture of, VIII, [17]
- Montdidier, French successes at, 1918, VII, [314]
- Monte Altissimo, seizure of, by Italians, IV, [396]
- Monte Ancora, Italian attack on, V, [243]
- Monte Grappa, VIII, [125]
- Montenegrin army, II, [359]
- Montenegrin nationality, I, [259]
- Montenegrin surrender, criticism of, IV, [336]
- Montenegro, conquest of, IV, [329]
- Montenegro in the war, II, [358]-361
- Monte Sisemol, French troops on, VIII, [99]
- Montmédy, American soldiers welcomed, VIII, [79]
- Mont St. Eloi, III, [121]
- Mont St. Simeon, occupied by the French, VIII, [37]
- Moreuil, taken by French, VIII, [15]
- Morlancourt, Germans at, VIII, [15]
- Mormal Forest, British in, VIII, [73]
- Morocco, French annexation, I, [138]
- Morocco, in Treaty, VIII, [232]
- Morrison, Colonel, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, [312]
- Mortemer, taken by the French, VIII, [17]
- Mort Homme, battle of, V, [345], [354], [369]
- Motor cars, work of, VIII, [31]
- Motor Zeppelins, V, [418]
- Mount Lovcen, effect of capture of, on Italian campaign, IV, [399]
- Mount Sorrell, Canadians at, VIII, [353]
- Mucke, captain of Ayesha, III, [193]
- Mülhausen, capture of, by French, IV, [40]
- Müller, Captain von, II, [229]
- Munitions, work of Canadian factories, VIII, [430]
- Murman coast, American forces on, VII, [441]
- Murmansk Peninsula, Allies on, VIII, [89]
- Mush, Armenian massacre at, IV, [378]
- Mush, fighting around, V, [294]
- Mush, Russian capture of, III, [479]
- Mustard Gas, VIII, [21]
- Mustard Gas, in ruins of Roye, VIII, [35]
- Namema, capture of, V, [360]
- Namur, capture of, II, [53]
- Nantel, Hon. W. B., Canadian Minister of Inland Revenue, VIII, [266]
- Narotch Lake, Russian attack around, V, [124]
- Nasiriyeh, Turkish defeat at, IV, [422]
- Natal, destruction of, IV, [163]
- National Army, composition of, IV, [423]
- National Army, training of, VII, [116]
- National Society, I, [287]
- Nationality, growth of, I, [258]
- Nationality in Serbia, I, [259]
- Nauroy, taken, VIII, [50]
- Naval aeroplanes, British raids by, VI, [280]
- Naval battle of Jutland, V, [70]-108
- Naval Conference, VII, [81]
- Naval engagements, VII, [468]
- Naval losses, IV, [143]-144; V, [113]-115
- Naval losses at the end of the third year of the war, VI, [484]
- Naval losses in two years, V, [113]-115
- Naval policy, German, I, [44]
- Naval situation beginning with the second year, IV, [143]
- Naval strength of Austria, II, [206]
- Naval strength of Germany, II, [204]
- Naval strength of Great Britain, II, [197]
- Naval warfare, surrender of the German Fleet, VIII, [147]
- Navy, American, I, [11]; VII, [119]
- Navy, Canadian, VIII, [301]
- Neidenburg, capture of, II, [437]
- Neutral flags, use of, III, [173]
- Neutral shipping, loss of, IV, [170]
- Neutral vessels in American ports, VII, [128]
- Neuve Chapelle, battle of, III, [83]-92
- Neuve Chapelle, Canadian artillery engaged at, VIII, [306]
- Neuve Eglise, taken by the British, VIII, [40]
- Neuville St. Remy, VIII, [52]
- Neuville St. Vaast, III, [127]
- New Zealanders between Croisilles and Bapaume, VIII, [34]
- New Zealanders, gallantry of, at Suvla Bay, IV, [356]
- New Zealanders take La Vacquerie, VIII, [51]
- Nicholas II, abdication of, VI, [403]
- Nicholas II assumes command of Russian army, IV, [188]
- Nicholas II, murder of, VII, [447]
- Nicholas II, reply to Kaiser's message, I, [440]
- Nicholas II, reply to Serbian Crown Prince, I, [417]
- Nicholas, Grand Duke, II, [373]; VI, [490]
- Nicholas, Grand Duke, farewell to his army, IV, [189]
- Nicholas, King of Montenegro, IV, [330]
- Nicholas, Russian Czar, abdicates, VI, [404]
- Niemen, operations along, III, [330]
- Nieuport, German attack on, III, [269]
- Nigeria, fighting in, III, [482]
- Nish, fall of, IV, [288]
- Nivelle, General, VI, [246], [349]
- Northcliffe, Lord, appointed Commissioner to United States, VI, [355]
- North Sea, battle of, II, [252]
- Notre Dame de Lorette, attacks on, III, [155]
- Notre Dame de Lorette, operations around, IV, [88]
- Novo Georgievsk, capture of, III, [364]; IV, [184]
- Noyon, Allies control roads, VIII, [20]
- Noyon, taken by French, VIII, [36]
- Nuredin Pasha, commander of Turks in Mesopotamia, IV, [426]
- Nürnberg, II, [224]
- Nyassaland, fighting in, III, [495]
- Odessa, bombardment of, by aeroplanes, VI, [493]
- Odlum, General V. W., VIII, [358], [376]
- Oise, operations along, VII, [308]
- Oise River, VIII, [20]
- Oise-Sambre Canal, French force passage of, VIII, [73]
- Oise Valley, French victories in, VIII, [25]
- Olti, battle of, III, [478]
- Orchard, Canadian attack on, VIII, [325]
- Ortelsburg, capture of, II, [437]
- Oslavia Heights, capture of, by Italians, IV, [408]
- Ossowetz, bombardment of, III, [329]
- Ostend Harbor, blocking of, VII, [473]
- Ostend, King Albert and Queen Elizabeth enter, VIII, [62]
- Ostend, raids on, by French and British aviators, IV, [56]; VI, [173]
- Ostrolenka, capture of, III, [360]
- Otani, General Kikugo, VIII, [86]
- Otavi, battle of, III, [490]
- Pachitch, Serbian Premier, declaration of intention of, IV, [289]
- Palembang, V, [62]
- Panet, General, VIII, [392]
- Pan-Slavism, I, [151]
- Paris, air raids on, IV, [19], [463]
- Paris, bombarded by long-range guns, VI, [278]
- Paris-Plage, headquarters of Canadian Forestry Corps, VIII, [289]
- Parvillers, taken by Australians, VIII, [21]
- Pashitch, N. P., the Serbian premier, I, [321]
- Passchendaele, VIII, [365]-366
- Passchendaele-Gheluvelt Ridge, capture of, by British, VII, [43]
- Passes, battle of, III, [241]-244
- Paterson, General R. W., VIII, [367]
- Peace Conference, VIII, [193]
- Peace Conference, representation at, VIII, [193]
- Peace negotiations of Bolsheviki and Germany, VII, [156]-157
- Peace, Russia's efforts for, I, [483]
- Pégoud, Alphonse, French aviator, death of, IV, [50]
- Pelletier Hon. L. P., Canadian Postmaster General, VIII, [266]
- Pelves, taken by Canadians, VIII, [35]
- Pensions, in Canada, VIII, [441]
- Perly, Sir George H., VIII, [302]
- Péronne, British air raids, on, VII, [278]
- Péronne, captured by Australians, VIII, [38]
- Péronne, French advance upon, V, [390]
- Pershing, General John J., commander of the American Expeditionary Force, VI, [356]
- Pershing, General John J., commands at St. Mihiel, VIII, [43]
- Pershing, General John J., reaches France, VIII, [152]
- Pershing, General John J., at Souilly, VIII, [180]
- Persia, British position in, IV, [419]
- Persia, British steamship, sinking of, IV, [157]
- Persia, campaign in, III, [474]
- Persia, Russian advance in, V, [331]
- Persian Gulf, strategic importance of, II, [505]
- Perthes, movement around, III, [79]
- Pétain, General, VII, [322]
- Pétain, General, attacks on Ailette River, VIII, [43]
- Pétain, General, report of operations at Verdun, V, [358]
- Pétain, Marshal, enters Metz, VIII, [79]
- Peter, King of Serbia, IV, [290]
- Petit Vimy, token by Canadians, VIII, [362]
- Petrograd Council, reaction in, VII, [139]
- Piave, Italian halt at, VII, [208]
- Picardy battle, American operations in, VII, [372]
- "Pimple, The," VIII, [359], [361]
- Pinsk, capture of, IV, [206]
- Pinsk Marshes, Russian successes in, V, [197]
- Plumer, General, in advance to Cologne, VIII, [79]
- Poincaré, President, opens Peace Conference, VIII, [193]
- Poison gas, employment of, by British, VII, [35]
- Poland, acquisition by Treaty of Peace, VIII, [228]
- Poland, Austrian, II, [272]
- Poland, southern, campaign in, III, [345]
- Poland, winter campaign in, II, [463]
- Pontruet, captured VIII, [47]
- Pope Benedict, efforts at peace, VII, [97]
- Pope, temporal power of, I, [189]
- Poperinghe, Canadians buried at, VIII, [351]
- Portugal, Russian hospital ship, sinking of, V, [64]
- Portuguese seizure of German ships, V, [60]
- Portuguese troops, achievements of, VII, [291]
- Preparedness, naval, I, [19]
- President Wilson's note on American rights, IV, [503]-504
- Pressburg, Treaty of, I, [84]
- Press organizations, I, [117]
- Price, Captain William, at Valcartier Camp, VIII, [268]
- Prince, Norman, death of, in air battle, VI, [181]
- Princess Patricias, VIII, [352]
- "Princess Pats," VIII, [321]
- "Princess Pats" at St. Eloi, VIII, [307]
- "Princess Pats," first fight of, VIII, [305]
- "Princess Pats" joins Twenty-seventh British Division, VIII, [304]
- "Princess Pats" leaves England for the front, VIII, [304]
- "Princess Pats" Regiment, VIII, [285], [352]
- Prinz Eitel Friedrich, German raider, III, [179]
- Prinzip, Gabrilo, I, [261]
- Pripet Marshes, character of, IV, [209]
- Pripet Marshes, operations in, V, [152]
- Prisoners and guns, taken by Canadians, VIII, [396], [406], [421]
- Prisoners and guns, taken by Canadians in August, 1918, VIII, [389]
- Prisoners of Allies, VIII, [35]
- Prisoners, repatriation of, VIII, [235]
- Prisoners, taken by the Allies, VIII, [16], [20], [31], [39], [51], [60], [69]
- Pristina, capture of, IV, [300]
- Pro-German propaganda in United States, IV, [505]
- Protopopoff, opposes Duma, VI, [488]
- Provisional Government of the Country of the North, VIII, [89]
- Proyart, VIII, [19]
- Prussian Guards, defeat of, by Americans, VII, [412]
- Prussia's increase in power, I, [161]
- Przasnysz, battles of, III, [324]
- Przemysl, recapture, III, [301]-305
- Przemysl, Russian capture of, III, [348]
- Przemysl, siege of, II, [405]
- Puisieux-au-Mont, VIII, [22]
- Putnik, General, commander Serbian Army, II, [322]; IV, [274]
- Queant-Drocourt "switch line" carried by the British, VIII, [39]
- Queen Elizabeth at naval surrender, VIII, [147]
- Quesnoy Wood, taken, VIII, [36]
- Quincy, taken, VIII, [28]
- Radoslavov, Premier of Bulgaria, III, [372]
- Radziviloff, Austrian victory at, IV, [204]
- Ramsgate, air raids on, IV, [26]
- Ramillies, taken by Canadians, VIII, [402]
- Rancourt, capture of, by the French, VI, [27]
- Rasputin, assassination of, VI, [221]
- Rawlinson, General, attack by Germans, VIII, [21]
- Rawlinson, General, in advance to Cologne, VIII, [79]
- Rawa-Russka, battle of, II, [395]
- Read, General George, VIII, [183]
- Red Cross in Serbia, II, [354]
- Reichstag, Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in, I, [502]
- Reid, Hon. J. D., Canadian Minister of Customs, VIII, [265]
- Rennenkampf, General, II, [443]
- Rennie, General R., VIII, [358], [388]
- Rennie, General, attacks machine-gun position, VIII, [331]
- Rensburg, Van, II, [577]
- Reparations, VIII, [236]
- Respirators, use of, I, [53]
- Ressons-sur-Matz, taken by French, VIII, [17]
- Rheims, bombardment of, II, [146]-153; III, [152], [154]; VI, [237]
- Rheims, German attack upon, VII, [317]
- Rhine bridgeheads, to be held by the Allies, VIII, [246]
- Rhodesia, border fighting in, III, [495]
- Ribécourt, taken by the French, VIII, [20]
- Rifles used in different armies, I, [26]
- Riga-Dvinsk sector, German offensive against, V, [125], [128]
- Riga, Gulf of, Russian torpedo boats in, V, [151]
- Riga, Russo-German operations around, V, [204]
- Rights at sea, assertion of, by United States Government, IV, [480]
- Rizeh, Russian occupation of, V, [294]
- Roche, Hon. W. J., Canadian Minister of the Interior, VIII, [265]
- Rockwell, Kiffin, death of, in air battle, VI, [181]
- Redman, Roar-Admiral Hugh, VIII, [147]
- Rodzianko, President of Duma, VI, [394]
- Roeux, taken, VIII, [33]
- Rogers, Robert, Canadian Minister of Public Works, VIII, [265]
- Roosevelt, Theodore, efforts to command troops in France, VI, [335]
- Root, Elihu, arrival of, in Russia as American Commissioner, VI, [417]
- Roubaix, taken by the Allies, VIII, [63]
- Roulers, attack on, II, [183]
- Roulers, taken by Belgians, VIII, [52]
- Rovereto, Italian advance toward, V, [244]
- Rovereto, Italian attack on, IV, [396]; V, [244]
- Rovno Fortress, strength of, IV, [212]
- Royal Canadian Navy, VIII, [301]
- Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve, VIII, [301]
- Royal Edward, British troopship, sinking of, IV, [149]
- Royal Flying Corps, British, activities of, V, [425]
- Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada, VIII, [266]
- Roye, capture of, VII, [280]
- Roye, investment of, VIII, [32]
- Roye, taken by the French, VIII, [33]
- Rozan, capture of, III, [361]
- Rozières, taken by British, VIII, [18]
- Ruffey, General, II, [55]
- Rumania, conditions in, VII, [250], [252]
- Rumania, military strength of, VI, [185]-186
- Rumania, neutrality of, IV, [256]
- Rumanian raid across the Danube, VI, [106]-111
- Rumilly, VIII, [52]
- Rupprecht, Crown Prince, in battle with British, VIII, [29]
- Russia, area of, I, [286]
- Russia, Allied military intervention in, VIII, [85]
- Russia and Great Britain in Persia, I, [185]
- Russia, Czechoslovaks in, VIII, [80]
- Russia, German advance in, VII, [436]
- Russia, German peace with, VII, [420]
- Russia, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, [230]
- Russia, advance on the eastern front, V, [120]
- Russian advance on Trebizond, IV, [389]
- Russian armies, mobilization of, I, [309]
- Roman army, characteristics of, I, [55]
- Russian artillery activity, V, [134]
- Russian defeat, effect of, on Dardanelles campaign, IV, [364]
- Russian disorganization, attempts by Germans, VI, [422]
- Russian foreign policy, I, [151]
- Russian grand dukes, arrest of, VII, [137]
- Russian losses in August, 1915, IV, [202]-203
- Russian losses in Russo-German campaign, II, [488]
- Russian mobilization, I, [405]
- Russian note to Great Powers, July 25, 1914, I, [271]
- Russian offensive against Caucasus, reasons for, IV, [383]
- Russian offensive in the east, beginning of, V, [154]
- Russian peace terms with Germany, VII, [424]
- Russian Poland, II, [268]
- Russian pursuit of Turkish forces, V, [292]
- Russian retreat, IV, [229], [239]
- Russian retreat in Persia, V, [336]
- Russian revolution, foreshadowing of, VI, [363]-365
- Russian rout in Galicia, VI, [445]-447
- Russian torpedo boats in the Gulf of Riga, V, [147]
- Russia's attitude on coercion of Serbia, I, [377]
- Russia's strategy in the East, II, [483]
- Russky, General, II, [377]
- Russky, General, retires from command, IV, [254]
- Saarbrücken, bombardment of, by French aeroplanes, IV, [48]
- St. Eloi, British attack at, V, [72]
- St. Eloi, Canadian Second Division at, VIII, [342]
- St. Eloi, "Princess Pats" at, VIII, [307]
- St. Eloi Sector, VIII, [355]
- St. Gobain Forest, VIII, [59]
- St. Julien, assaults on, III, [102]
- St. Julien, taken by the Germans, VIII, [316]
- St. Mard, taken, VIII, [32]
- St. Mihiel, French successes at, VI, [231]
- St. Mihiel salient, American operations in, VII, [349]
- St. Mihiel Salient, VIII, [163]
- St. Mihiel salient, attacks on, VII, [349]
- St. Mihiel Salient, taken, VIII, [43]
- St. Nazaire, Canadian troops arrive at, VIII, [304]
- St. Paul-aux-Bois, taken by French, VIII, [28]
- St. Quentin-Cambrai, British attack, VIII, [53]
- St. Quentin Canal, American attacks on, III, [116]
- St. Quentin, operations around, VI, [236]
- St. Quentin, taken by the French, VIII, [52]
- Saloniki, Allied forces at, V, [211]
- Saloniki, bombardment by aeroplanes, V, [429]
- Saloniki, fortification of, IV, [321]
- Saloniki, German air raid on, V, [212]
- Salonika, importance of, I, [61]
- Saloniki Railway, importance of, I, [100]
- Samogneux, abandonment of, by French, IV, [137]
- Samsonoff, General, II, [436]
- San, battle of, III, [297], [301]
- San, battles of the, II, [398]
- Sanctuary Wood, Canadians fight in, VIII, [354]
- Saponay, taken by French, VIII, [9]
- Sapignies, taken, VIII, [31]
- Sarajevo, I, [260]; II, [277]
- Sari Bair, attack on, IV, [348]
- Sarrail, General, commands French Third Army, II, [76]
- Sarrail, General, commands French troops in Serbia, IV, [279]
- Sarrail, General, offensive by, VI, [124]-126
- Sarre Basin, French rights in, VIII, [227]
- Scarborough, raids on, II, [247]
- Scarpe River, VIII, [30]
- Scheer, Admiral von, in Battle of Jutland Bank, V, [76]
- Scheldt Canal, crossed by British, VIII, [56]
- Scheldt Canal, Germans blow up bridges, VIII, [75]
- Scheldt Canal, passage forced, VIII, [53]
- Scheldt River, Germans retreat on, VIII, [67]
- Scotch, on Ancre, VI, [43]
- Scotland, Zeppelin attacks on, V, [428]
- Sea combats, fatalities in, I, [25]
- Sea command and troop transportation, I, [24]
- Seaplanes in attack on merchantmen, IV, [471]
- Sea power as a factor in war, I, [18]
- Sea power, importance of, I, [41]
- Second Canadian Division, VIII, [286]
- Second Canadian Infantry Brigade, VIII, [353]
- Second Liberty Loan, VII, [112], [113]
- Sedan, entered by General Gouraud, VIII, [76]
- Seeley, Major General J. E. B., commands Canadian Cavalry Brigade, VIII, [286], [332], [367]
- Seicheprey, VII, [359]
- Seicheprey, attacks on Americans at, VII, [359]
- Selective Draft Law, VI, [346]
- Semendria, bombardment of, IV [269]
- Semenov, General, VIII, [87]
- Serbia advised to seek British mediation, I, [408]
- Serbia, area of, I, [286]
- Serbia, invasion of, II, [301]; IV, [177]
- Serbia, northern, conquest of, by Germans, IV, [277]
- Serbia, offers of peace, III, [376]
- Serbian advance in Macedonia, VI, [132]
- Serbian Allies retreat to Albania, IV, [303]
- Serbian army, strength of, in November, 1915, IV, [293], [294]
- Serbian invasion of Austria II, [323]
- Serbian nation, flight of, IV, [301]
- Serbian propaganda in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I, [259]
- Serbian reply to Austrian note, I, [265]-270
- Serbian resistance at Babuna Pass, IV, [283]
- Serbian troops, transport of, across Greek territory, V, [218]
- Sereth River, crossing of, by Russian forces, V, [178]
- Sergy, capture of, by Americans, VII, [413]
- Seringes, capture of, by Americans, VII, [414]
- Shabatz, battle of, II, [317]
- Shantung, Japan acquires German rights, VIII, [232]
- Shipbuilding, in Canada, VIII, [432]
- Shipbuilding program, VI, [343]
- Shipping, neutral, loss of, IV, [170]
- Ships of American registry, seizure by British, V, [49]
- Shumadia Division of Serbian army, heroism of, IV, [275]
- Siberia, American participation in, VII, [449]
- Sibert, William, active commander of American expeditionary force, VI, [357]
- Simonds, Frank H., summary of two years of war, V, [461], [502]
- Sims, Admiral, commander of American destroyer flotilla, VI, [357]
- Sinai Peninsula, invasion of, II, [501]
- Sixth French army at the Marne, IV, [41]
- Smith-Dorrien, General, II, [60]
- Soissons, operations around, V, [376]; VII, [311]
- Soissons, Rheims front, VIII, [9]
- Soissons-Rheims salient, Allied progress in, VII, [332]
- Soissons, taken by the Allies, VIII, [9]
- Soldau, capture of, II, [437]
- Soldiers' and Workmen's Council, VII, [141]
- Soldiers' Civil Reestablishment, VIII, [448]
- Soldier Settlement Board in Canada, VIII, [439]
- Somme Canal, crossed, VIII, [39]
- Somme, battles of, beginning, V, [377]
- Somme, British and French offensive on the, VI, [27]
- Somme offensive, object of Allies in, V, [377]
- Somme offensive, preparations for, V, [384]
- Somme offensive, spring of, 1916, VI, [9]
- Somme, second phase of battle, V, [403]
- Sophia, Queen of Greece, intrigues of, VII, [248]
- Souain sector, movements in, IV, [71]-72
- Souchez, attacks on, III, [124], [125]
- Souchez, Canadian raids at, VI, [222]
- Souchez, French attack on, IV, [84]
- Souchez River, VIII, [361]
- Southwest Africa, British conquest of, III, [484], [493]
- Soviets, President Wilson's message to, VII, [428]
- Spee, Admiral von, II, [230]
- Speed plane, use of, in warfare, V, [421]
- Spies in warfare, I, [71]
- Stallupöhnen, battle of, II, [435]
- Steele, General, VIII, [339]
- Steele, Major General S. B., commands Second Canadian Division, VIII, [281]
- Stepanovitch, Marshal, directs Serbian retreat, IV, [29]
- Stewart, Major, death of, VIII, [354]
- Stokhod, operations around, VI, [73]
- Stokhod River, battle on, VI, [76]-81
- Stony Mountain, VIII, [335]
- Stony Mountain, work of Canadians at, III, [145]
- Strategic advantages of Central Powers, I, [32]
- Strypa River, fighting along, IV, [223]
- Strypa River, Russian artillery attacks along, V, [138]
- Stuttgart, bombardment of, by French aviators, IV, [61]
- Styr River, IV, [223]-229
- Submarine attacks on American transports, VI, [358]
- Submarine campaign, German, IV, [166]
- Submarine, effectiveness of, I, [19]
- Submarine, evidence for detecting, I, [21]
- Submarine, German efficiency of, IV, [187]
- Submarine negotiations between Germany and United States, VI, [194]
- Submarine warfare, III, [209], [222]; VI, [182], [188]
- Submarine warfare, attitude of Grand Admiral von Tirpitz toward, IV, [499]
- Submarine warfare in the spring of 1917, VI, [475]
- Submarine, when dangerous, I, [20]
- Submarines, aeroplane warfare on, V, [414]
- Submarines and battleships, I, [19], [20]
- Submarines and merchantmen, I, [20]
- Submarines, destroyed by United States naval vessels, VII, [467]
- Suez Canal, attacks on, III, [509]
- Suez Canal, defenses of, III, [18], [19]; IV, [11]
- Summerall, General, VIII, [159]
- Summary of first year's operations on the western front, IV, [39], [46]
- Summary, Two Years of the War, V, [461]
- Supreme War Council, VII, [81]
- Sussex, Channel steamer, sinking of, V, [63]
- Suvla Bay, fighting at, IV, [355]
- Suvla Bay, plan of attack, IV, [347]
- Suwalki, occupation of, II, [448]
- Sydney, victorious over Emden, II, [229]
- Talaat Bey, orders Armenian massacre, IV, [378]
- Tank, first employment of, VI, [45]
- Tanks, cooperation of, VIII, [31]
- "Tanks," employment of, by British, VII, [59]
- Tanks, first employment of, by Germans, VII, [298]
- Tanks, in British advance of 1918, VIII, [27]
- Tanks, transformed into forts, VIII, [45]
- Tanks, with Canadian Corps, VIII, [380]
- Tannenberg, battle of, II, [438]
- Tergovistea, capture of, by Austro-Germans, VI, [117]
- Terrorism in Russia, I, [153]
- Thiepval, British successes around, VI, [17]
- Thiepval Ridge, VIII, [31]
- Thiescourt, taken, VIII, [29]
- Thiescourt Wood, occupied, VIII, [25]
- Third British Army, advance of, VIII, [26]
- Third Corps, on the west bank of the Meuse, VII, [408]
- Third Toronto Regiment, work of, III, [143]
- Tigris River, conditions in, IV, [426]
- Tilleloy, VIII, [19]
- Time limit for opening hostilities, controversy over, I, [369]
- Todoroff, General, IV, [272]
- Todoroff, General, commands Bulgarian Second Army, IV, [270]
- Togoland, campaign in, III, [62]
- Torpedoes, effectiveness of, I, [23]
- Toul sector, American operations in, VII, [353], [354]
- Tournai, captured, VIII, [75]
- Townshend, General, in campaign against Bagdad, IV, [422]
- Townshend, General, sent by Turks to ask armistice, VIII, [136]
- Trade, foreign, of Germany, I, [49]
- Training, military, importance of, I, [14]
- Transit, through Germany, VIII, [244]
- Transloy, British at, VI, [65]
- Transports, protection of, I, [18]
- Trans-Siberian railway, I, [153]
- Transylvania, operations of General Falkenhayn in, VI, [108]
- Treaty of Peace, VIII, [221]
- Trebizond, occupation of, V, [297]
- Trebizond, Russian advance on, IV, [390]
- Trench bombs, I, [75]
- Trench fighting, I, [68]
- Trentino front, activities along, VI, [452]
- Trieste, Italian drive for, VI, [463]
- Trieste, Italians land at, VIII, [135]
- Triple Alliance, renewal of, I, [141]
- Triple Entente, formation of, I, [158]
- Trotzky, Leon, attitude toward Germany, VII, [183]
- Trotzky, Leon, career of, VII, [152]
- Trugny, American struggle for, VII, [409]
- Turkey and the war, I, [62]
- Turkish accounts of abandonment at Gallipoli, IV, [371]
- Turkish attack on Russians, IV, [256]
- Turkish booty at Trebizond, V, [304]
- Turkish defeat at Kut-el-Amara, IV, [422]
- Turkish defeat at Nasiriyeh, IV, [422]
- Turkish flight from Erzerum, IV, [389]
- Turkish navy, operations of, IV, [170]
- Turner, General R. E. W., commands Second Canadian Division, VIII, [286], [339], [340]
- Turner, General R. E. W., at second battle of Ypres, VIII, [309]
- Turner, General Sir R. E. W., in charge of administration of Canadian troops in England, VIII, [252]
- Tuscania, sinking of, VII, [461]
- Tuxford, General, VIII, [355], [358]
- Typhus, epidemic of, II, [356]
- Typhus in the Caucasus, III, [475]
- U-53, exploits of, VI, [194]
- Uganda protectorate, I, [180]
- Ukraine, agitation for separate government, VII, [140]
- Ukrainia, condition in, VII, [185]
- Ukrainia, invasion of, by Germans, VII, [429]
- Ukrainia, martial law in, VII, [435]
- Ultimatum, American, to Germany, V, [449]
- Unification of Germany, I, [130]
- United Siberian Government, VIII, [87]
- United States, German propaganda in, IV, [505]
- United States, Government and Sussex, V, [443]
- University of Toronto, number enlisted from, VIII, [284]
- Ussuri River, Japanese defeat Bolsheviki on, VIII, [87]
- Valcartier Camp, VIII, [268]
- Valenciennes, Germans flood country around, VIII, [68]
- Valenciennes, objective of British First Army, VIII, [414]
- Valenciennes, taken by Canadians, VIII, [71], [421]
- Van, Russian successes in, III, [477]
- Vauquois, attacks on, III, [157]
- Vauvillers, taken by British, VIII, [18]
- Vauxaillon, French advance toward, VIII, [40]
- Vaux Fort, French recapture of, VI, [37]-39
- Vaux, French defense of, V, [351], [367]
- Vaux, German attacks on, V, [363]
- Vaux, German counterattacks at, VII, [398]
- Vendhuile, Germans evacuate, VIII, [46]
- Venice, air raids on, III, [426]; VI, [169]
- Venizelos, attacks of, on Greek Government, IV, [311]
- Venizelos, E., I, [60]; V, [217]
- Venizelos, statement on conditions in Greece, V, [317]
- Verdun, attack on, I, [64]
- Verdun, bombardment of, IV, [131]
- Verdun, effect of siege, V, [371]
- Verdun, French victories at, VI, [54]
- Verdun, German attacks northwest of, VII, [52]
- Verdun, preparation in, IV, [133]
- Verdun, struggle for, IV, [131], [142]
- Vesle River, Americans on, VII, [416]
- Vesle River, crossed by Allies, VIII, [11]
- Vesle River, floods hamper German retreat, VIII, [12]
- Victor Emanuel III, I, [194]
- Ville-en-Tardenois, taken by Allies, VIII, [9]
- Villeneuve, entered by French, VIII, [10]
- Villers-aux-Érables, taken by French, VIII, [15]
- Villers Bretonneux, taken, VII, [299]
- Villers-Cotterets Wood, VII, [319]
- Villers-Guislain, taken, VIII, [51]
- Vilna, campaign against, IV, [187], [192]
- Vimy front, VIII, [368], [369]
- Vimy Ridge, VIII, [357], [370]
- Vimy Ridge, capture of, by Canadians, VI, [239]
- Vimy Ridge, taken by Canadians, VIII, [360], [362]
- Vis-en-Artois, occupied, VIII, [33]
- Viviani, Rene, I, [318]
- Vladivostok, occupation of, by Czecho-Slovaks, VII, [446]
- Volhynia, Austrian offensive, V, [138]
- Von Bernstorff, Count, propaganda in United States, IV, [485]
- Von Bethmann-Hollweg, attitude on submarine issue, IV, [485]
- Von der Goltz, Baron, military governor of Belgium, II, [53]
- Von Jagow, interview with Sir E. Goschen, I, [502]
- Von Mackensen, commands German forces in Serbia, IV, [258]
- Von Papen, recall demanded, V, [26]
- Von Rintelen, Franz, activities of, V, [22], [28]
- Von Tirpitz, Grand Admiral, attitude toward submarine warfare, IV, [484]
- Vouziers, occupied, VIII, [59]
- Vrely, taken by the British, VIII, [18]
- Vukotich, General, II, [360]
- War and machinery, I, [66]
- War debt, German, IV, [433]
- War, German declaration of, VI, [103]
- War service gratuity, VIII, [442]
- War Trade Board, VIII, [436]
- Warsaw, attack on, II, [450]
- Warsaw, capture of, III, [366]-368
- Warsaw, movements upon, III, [346]
- Warsaw, occupation of, by Germans, IV, [178]
- Warspite, Jutland, V, [89]
- Warvillers, taken, VIII, [18]
- War zone, establishment of, III, [170]
- Watson, Colonel, VIII, [317]
- Watson, General, VIII, [347], [372]
- Watson, General, commands Canadian Fourth Division, VIII, [358]
- Weapons of the Allies, VIII, [42]
- Wemyss, Rear Admiral Rosslyn E., commands convoy of Canadian troops, VIII, [269]
- Western front activity in, in January, 1916, IV, [121]
- Western front on February 1, 1916, IV, [126]
- Western front, situation in, on August 1, 1915, IV, [46]
- Western front, summary of the first year's operations on, IV, [39]-46
- Wheat requirements, VII, [127]
- Whitby, raids on, II, [247]
- White, Sir Thomas, Canadian Minister of Finance, VIII, [265]
- Whitehaven, raids on, IV, [119]
- Whitlock, Brand, efforts to aid Miss Cavell, IV, [100], [101]
- Wilhelm II, abdication of, VIII, [112]
- Wilhelm II, address to army and navy, VIII, [106]
- Wilhelm II, arraigned for war responsibility, VIII, [235]
- William II, accession of, I, [134]
- Williams, Colonel V. A. S., Canadian Adjutant General, VIII, [266]
- Williams, General Victor, VIII, [349], [351]
- Wilson, President, address before Congress, April, 1917, VI, [320]-326
- Wilson, President, addresses Congress on armed neutrality, VI, [304]
- Wilson, President, addresses Congress on issues with Germany, V, [448]
- Wilson, President, addresses Congress on peace, VII, [103]
- Wilson, President, address of, April, 1918, VII, [349]
- Wilson, President, and Congress, V, [434]
- Wilson, President, at Peace Conference, VIII, [195]
- Wilson, President, letter to Congress, IV, [503]
- Wilson, President, proclamation convening Congress, VI, [319]
- Wilson, President, reads draft of constitution of the League of Nations, VIII, [208]
- Wilson, President, reply to Pope Benedict, VII, [99]
- Wilson, President Woodrow, suggests armed neutrality, VI, [304]
- Wilson, President, suspicion of pro-German propaganda in Congress, IV, [505]
- Wilson, President Woodrow, war message of, VI, [320]-326
- Windhoek, capture of, III, [489]
- Wirballen, attacks on, III, [317]
- Wire, barbed, and shrapnel, I, [73]
- Women, in Canadian munition works, VIII, [433]
- Württemberg, Duke Albert von, II, [10]
- Xivray, German attack upon, VII, [363]
- Yani Sandanski, I, [245]
- Yarmouth, raids on, II, [246]
- Yarrowdale, prisoners in Germany, VI, [297]
- Younghusband, General, IV, [446]
- Y. M. C. A., Canadian, VIII, [454], [456]
- Young Turks, I, [243]
- Yperlee Canal, III, [107]
- Ypres, attack on, II, [171], [172], [174]
- Ypres, bombardment of, III, [95]
- Ypres, bombardment of, by Germans, VII, [301]
- Ypres, British retire from, VII, [297]
- Ypres, first battle of, IV, [44]
- Ypres, German success at, in February, 1916, IV, [122]
- Ypres-Roulers Railway, VIII, [366]
- Ypres, second battle of, III, [99], [106]; VIII, [308]
- Ypres, second British line readjusted, VIII, [318]
- Ypres sector, operations in, in March, 1916, V, [372], [373]
- Yser, battle of, II, [168]
- Yser, movements at, III, [167]
- Yser region, flood in, IV, [117]
- Zaimis, Alexander, Greek Premier, V, [227]
- Zanzibar, I, [180]
- Zeebrugge, British attacks on, VI, [482]
- Zeebrugge Harbor, blocking of, VII, [470], [473]
- Zeebrugge, occupied by the Allies, VIII, [63]
- Zeebrugge, shelling of, by British fleet, V, [66]
- Zeppelin attack on Warsaw, IV, [19]
- Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand, death of, VI, [494]
- Zeppelin raid on London in October, 1915, IV, [466]
- Zeppelin raids on England, IV, [16], [466]; V, [422]; VI, [494]
- Zeppelin raids over the British Isles, IV, [467]
- Zeppelins, destruction of, IV, [468]
- Zeppelins, losses of, numbers destroyed, VI, [179]
- Zollern Redoubt, VIII, [357]
- Zungar Valley, Austro-Italian operations in, V, [235]
Footnote 1: Converted into Quebec recruiting battalion.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 2: Converted into C. M. C. Corps.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 3: Sent to Bermuda.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 4: Disbanded; unable to obtain recruits.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 5: Absorbed by 178th Battalion.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 6: Disbanded.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 7: Absorbed by 236th Battalion.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 8: Amalgamated with 249th Battalion.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 9: Held up in front of Valenciennes till after the capture of Mont Houy.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 10: Represents nearly 3 per cent of Canada's total population of 8,000,000.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 11: Over 7 per cent of population.[Back to Main Text]
Footnote 12: Five per cent of population.[Back to Main Text]
Transcriber's note:
The front insert "The Rhine Valley, Showing Neutral Zones and Bridgeheads" is missing in this file, it will be added when found.