V.
Vaddah, see [Veddahs].
Vaidic, see [Vedic].
Vaiqueno, Vaikeno.
Malayan: dialect of E. Timor. Vocaby. by Wallace.
Valaat.
Iranian: name for modern Persian; common dialects, vulgar speech.
Valais.
Romance: French canton of Switzerland.
Valdieri.
Romance: dialect of Franco-Italian.
Valencian, Valentian.
Romance: belonging to the same division as the Limousin, i.e., the Provençal; a dialect of Spanish. Dicty. by Lamarca, Valencia, 1842.
Valtelinese.
Romance: dialect of Italian, closely allied to Rhæto-Romanic.
Vancouver’s Island.
American: (1) The Cowichan may be spoken by about 4,000 people. (2) The Quakwolth, by about 2,000. (3) The Koskeemo by only two or three hundred; while (4) the Aht is spoken in its different dialects in Vancouver’s Island and southwards along the shores of the mainland of Washington Territory to nearly the Columbia river by about 4,500 people; indeed the Chinook, spoken by the Chinooks who once thickly lined the lower shores of that river, is a dialect of the Aht (see Irving’s “Astoria”). (5) The “Chinook Jargon,” a rough trading jargon, founded on the Chinook, but mixed up with corrupted Canadian French, English, a few Spanish, two Hawaian, and numerous words from other Indian languages, and universally understood by traders, travellers, and colonists of any “standing” in the region. (Vide Vocaby. by George Gibbs, published by the Smithsonian Institution.) R. B.
Vandal.
A form of the word Wend. “Histoire” by Marcus, Paris, 1836.
Van Diemen’s Land.
Tasmanian: dialects were, according to authorities, four, six, eight; or many more, according to Mr. G. Robinson, the Protector of Aborigines. Mr. Clarke, catechist on Flinders Island, recognised ten dialects in 1834 among the two hundred native exiles. A Lingua Franca was of necessity made among them. Dr. Milligan prepared, from Messrs. Dove, Jorgenson, Geary, King, Labillardière, Peron, Robinson, Scott, Sterling, and Lhotzky, a vocabulary of 2,500 words, only one or two of which were true reduplicatives. According to Mr. Logan, the Tasmanian was an ancient form of the tongues once spoken in south-eastern Asia. The language was defective in abstract names. J. B.
Vanikoro.
Negrito: dialect of Papuan, somewhat allied to Tanema.
Vannetais, Vanneteuse.
Celtic: sub-dialect of Bas-Breton, spoken at Vannes. Dicty. by Armerie, Leyden, 1774: Grammar by Guillome, Vannes, 1836.
Varangian.
Put for Warangian, a form of the word Varini for the Warrings. See paper by Mr. Hyde Clarke in “Ethnol. Journal,” but compare the Slavonic word “warjazi,” allies. The Varangian guard at Constantinople was recruited from N. Europe. See [Feringee].
Vaskish, see [Basque].
Vasse R.
District of S.W. Australia. Vocaby. by Captain Grey, 1841.
Vatialaiset.
Tschudic: a name for the Vod.
Vaudois (Pays de Vaud).
Romance: vernacular language of the Waldenses, formed from the old Provençal, or Langue d’oc, still spoken in Switzerland. “Observations,” &c., by Develay, Lausanne, 1824.
Vayu.
Non-Aryan: a dialect of Nipal, somewhat allied to Chepang. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Vedas.
The sacred writings of the Brahmins, from the word “vid,” i.e., wit, knowledge.
Veddahs.
Cinghalese: low race of Ceylon.
Vedic.
The language of the Vedas; the oldest form of Sanskrit.
Vei, Vey.
African: dialect of the Mana class, vernacular at Great Cape Mount, W. Africa; using a native alphabetic character of recent origin, which is stated to be founded on Arabic, called the Vey Phonetic (Forbes). Grammar by Kölle, London, 1853.
Velay.
Romance: dialect of Provençal. Vocaby. in “Mems. de la Société des Antiq.,” vol. ix.
Vendee.
Romance: patois of France, largely Celtic. Grammar in “Memm. de l’Acad. Celtique,” 1809.
Venedi, Vendes.
German name for Slavonians. See [Wendic].
Venetian.
Romance: dialect of Italian. Dicty. by Boerio, Venice, 1829.
Venezuelan, see [Wapisiana].
Verden, see [Bremisch].
Verkhovi.
Ugrian: Samoied dialect of the River Obi.
Vernacular.
Literally “native”; the natural speech of a race or country.
Veronese.
Romance: dialect of Italian. Vocaby. by Angeli, Verona, 1821.
Ves, see [Vod].
Vesp, see [Tschudic].
Vicenza.
Teutonic: High-German of Italy.
Victoria.
Australian: dialects of Port Phillip, once numerous, now nearly all lost. Some of them, says Mr. Parker, called after their negatives, as some in N.S. Wales from their affirmatives. J. B.
Viennaise, Viennese (Wien).
Teutonic: High-German of the Austrian Empire, as spoken at Vienna; the ancient Vindobona.
Vikanera, see [Bikanira].
Vikingar, Vikings.
So-called Sea-Kings, or “Creekers”; pirates of the Baltic.
Vilela.
American: Lule dialect of the Gran Chaco and republic of Cordova.
Vincent (St.) Island.
(1) See W. Indies. (2) (Gulf of) Native Australian. Köler “Notice” by, Berlin, 1842.
Vingour, see [Ungarn].
Virat, see [Buttanir].
Virginian.
American: called New England Indian, and classed as Mohegan.
Viti, see [Feejeean].
Vlack.
Crude form of the word Wallachian. ☞
Vod.
Tschudic: same as the Vadjalaine (sing.), or Vadjalaiset (in the plural), who speak a dialect of the Fin, called Ves.
Vogul, Wogul.
Ugrian: a branch of the Tschudic stem, representing the dialects of Fin spoken along the course of the River Volga. Klaproth distinguishes four dialects: (1) the Tschussowaia; (2) Werchoturie; (3) Tscherdyn; (4) Beresov. See [Mordvinian].
Voightlandic.
Teutonic: dialect of High-German.
Volga-Finnish.
Tchudic: same as Mordvinian.
Volscian.
Extinct dialect of ancient Italy, closely allied to Oscan and Umbrian. See Fabbretti’s Glossary, Turin, 1858.
Vosges, see [Rennes].
Votiak, see [Wotagian].
Vulgar-tongue.
A name once used for true idiomatic English; the term “vulgar” is used for the language of the lower orders. See Dicty. by Grose, 1785, since reprinted (1868). See Lingua Vulgaris.
Vuta-Huillighe.
American: Vuta or Huilliche. This latter word means “Men of the South,” and is an Araucanian name. Hence it applies to the tribes between Chili and Tierra del Fuego. The Chonos of the Island of Chiloe is decidedly Chileno. Elsewhere the division between their language and the Patagonian is not known in detail. Falkner’s “Description of Patagonia,” Hereford, 1774. Darwin in “Voyage of the Beagle.” R. G. L.