Railroad Scenes from Shop and Road
The Pennsylvania Railroad Company’s “Broadway Limited,” a Twenty-Hour Train Between New York and Chicago[60]
All-Steel Passenger Train, Drawn by Electric Locomotive, as Used in the New York Tunnels of the Pennsylvania Railroad[60]
Electric Train on the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad[61]
Locomotive Equipped with Fire-Fighting Apparatus[61]
Train of 120 Loaded Coal Cars Drawn by a Single Locomotive[62]
Express Train Ready to Leave the Broad Street Station of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Philadelphia[62]
Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co.
Aboard the “Broadway Limited”
The observation car is provided with book-cases, a writing desk and stenographer.
A String of All-Steel Freight Cars Just Turned Out of the Shops[63]
Electric Baggage Truck Hauling Trailers[63]
Bird’s-Eye View of the Pennsylvania Station, New York City[64]
The “Union Station” at Washington, D. C.[64]
Freight Train, Eastbound, on the Horseshoe Curve[65]
Oven for Drying Paint on Passenger Cars at the Altoona, Pa., Shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company[65]
Locomotive Building
View in the erecting shop where the locomotives are assembled. The traveling crane in the foreground is capable of transporting a locomotive to any part of the shop.
Courtesy of the Baldwin Locomotive Works.
Modern Locomotives
The upper view shows a passenger locomotive used on the fastest heavy express trains. It weighs 272,000 pounds, with tender 70 feet long, and has a draw-bar pull of 30,700 pounds. The lower view shows a Mallet Articulated Type freight locomotive, one of the largest ever built. It consists of two units, linked together to give flexibility to the wheel base. The locomotive is 108 feet 10 inches long, weighs 700,000 pounds, and has a draw-bar pull of 96,000 pounds. Oil is used for fuel.
Courtesy of the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Baldwin Locomotive Works.
Type Freight Locomotive—The Delaware & Hudson Co.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
Foundry
Schenectady, N. Y., Works, American Locomotive Company
Pacific Type Passenger Locomotive—New York Central R. R.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
4-8-2 Type Passenger Locomotive—Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific R. R.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
Machine Shop
Schenectady, N. Y., Works, American Locomotive Company.
Mikado Type Freight Locomotive—Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
Rod Shop
Schenectady, N. Y., Works, American Locomotive Company.
Mallet Type Freight Locomotive—Baltimore & Ohio R. R.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
Cylinder Shop
Schenectady, N. Y., Works, American Locomotive Company.
2-10-2 Type Freight Locomotive—New York, Ontario & Western R. R.
Built by American Locomotive Company.
Erecting Shop
Schenectady, N. Y., Works, American Locomotive Company.
New York Central Electric Locomotive[66]
Pennsylvania Railroad Electric Locomotive[67]
Two of the best known types of electric locomotive. The New York Central type is 43 feet long, 14 feet 91⁄2 inches high, and weighs 230,000 pounds. It is equipped with four 550-horse-power motors and has a maximum speed of 60 miles per hour. The Pennsylvania type is the latest development. It is built in two halves for flexibility and either half may be replaced during repairs. The complete unit weighs 157 tons, is 64 feet 11 inches long, and the motors have combined horse-power of 4,000, giving a draw-bar pull of 79,200 pounds, and a speed of 60 miles per hour.
The Story of an Up-to-Date Farm[68]
A man who had been tied in a great city all his life made his first visit the other day to an up-to-date farm. He was so surprised at what he saw that he wrote a letter describing his emotions. Some of it is worth quoting because it shows a picture of the modern farm as it was cast upon the eye of a man who had never seen it before.
“I was whisked from the railway station in a big touring car, through beautiful country. Then we turned up a flower and shrub lined concrete driveway, and stopped by a home, capacious and modern. Inside I found electric lights, electric iron and bathroom with running water.
The Woman on the Farm at Last Enjoying the Benefit of Labor-Saving Machines
This small mounted kerosene engine runs the washing machine, pump, cream separator and churn. It is easily drawn about from place to place by hand where its energy is needed to lighten the housework.
“I found that the good man of the house had his own electric light and water plant, run by kerosene engines, that his cows were milked automatically, that he pulled his plows, harrows, drills, manure spreader and binder with a kerosene tractor, that his hired men went about the farm doing everything as they rode on some machine, that he went to church and town in an automobile, and that he delivered the products of his farm to market with a motor truck. Everything was managed like a factory. Things went forward with order and with assurance. Everyone was busy and happy.”
This is an optimistic picture of one of our best farms, but compare it with the best that could be found only a few hundred years ago. The best farmer of those days held all the land for miles around and lived in a castle in the middle of it. The castle was dark and cold and was made of rough stones fitted together. The poor farmers were serfs and came two or three days out of a week to their master’s house to work. Those were the great days of their lives, for then they ate of the master’s food.
Food—that was the problem of those long tired years which dragged through the ages, when nearly everyone was a farmer, and a farmer with crude tools held in his hands. Time was when practically the whole world went to bed hungry and rose again in the morning craving food, just as half the millions of India do today because they do with their hands what a machine should do.
The Motor Truck May be Used by the Farmer Even in Hilly and Mountainous Places
This photograph was taken near the summit of Pike’s Peak.
People in the hungry, unfed ages grew so used to privation that even the philosophers accepted sorrow and woe as a matter of course and dilated upon their virtues for chastening the human soul. “It is better to go to the house of mourning than the house of mirth,” said one of the prophets, and such words brought comfort to the hungry, miserable millions who had to mourn and go hungry whether it was to their advantage or not.
The Reaping Hook was the First Implement Used for Harvesting Grain of which we have Record
This pictures the reaping hook as still used in India.
Today the years glide by like pleasant pictures. We are fed, busy and happy. We almost let the dead bury their dead today while the living drive forward their tasks, achieving as much in a year as the old ages did in twenty. We have learned to feed ourselves and the food fills our bodies and brains with energy which must find expression in useful accomplishment. “Blessed is he who has found his work to do,” we say nowadays, “but thrice blessed is he who has found a machine to do it for him.”
Thread your way back through history to the time when the slender lives of men expanded into full and useful employment, and you will find that, so far as raising the world’s food is concerned, it all began with the invention of the reaper in only the last century. It is interesting to know something of the precarious entry of this machine and something of the dark background from which it emerged.
The Scythe is a Development of the Reaping Hook
The blade was made larger and the handle longer so two hands could be used.