PUPATION
“10:00 a. m.—Caterpillar, 37 mm. long, leaves food plant and begins to wander restlessly about.
“1:00 p. m.—Extended motionless, clinging to under side of window frame.
“2:30 p. m.—Same position.
“3:30 p. m.—Begins to lay a sparse, ragged network of very fine threads flat to the surface, covering a space of perhaps an inch square. These threads become thinner toward the periphery of the net, where they are hardly visible without a lens.
“4:00 p. m.—Spins a little white silk button in the center of the network. The head moves slowly out horizontally in all directions from the button about one-half inch, swinging always back to the center. The body is fully extended, the abdomen being away from the button.
“4:30 p. m.—Interrupted the button-making to raise high the caudal third of the body, spreading the anal appendages apart several times. When a pellet of excrement appeared, the caterpillar turned about and pulled it out of the anal opening with the mandibles, holding it thus a moment before allowing it to fall to the floor.
“4:45 p. m.—Resting, body extended, clasping the button with the third prolegs.
“6:00 p. m.—Fastened to the button. The body is extended horizontally, clinging to the under surface of the window frame with the prolegs; head drawn back, legs not touching the surface.
“8:00 p. m.—Hanging from the button. The body is thickened a trifle and shortened to 31 mm. Color much lighter; hangs motionless except for very slight movements of the legs and prolegs.”
“9:00 a. m.—No change.
“10:00 a. m.—The brilliant colors have practically disappeared, leaving the body a pearl-gray color, against which the black spines show up with startling distinctness. Movements slight and infrequent. The dorsal thorax is now the lightest part of the body.
“11:00 a. m.—Begins to wriggle a little.
“11:10 a. m.—I note that the spines appear closer together at the caudal end of the body; then see that the skin has split down the back and that the light-colored head of the chrysalis is protruding. By a series of vigorous wrigglings the skin is slowly forced up to where the tip of the abdomen is attached to the button. Then comes the violent struggle which finally loosens the skin, which hangs for a moment against the ventral abdomen, then falls to the floor. The entire moult is complete in less than five minutes.”