FOOTNOTES:

[17] In using the word "pit," instead of "mine," I have accommodated my language to the custom of the country.

[18] Since the above article was written we have received some as large as a finger.

[19] The green earth of most mineralogists. Editor.

[20] Formation—a geological phrase, of German origin.

[21] Doubtless the pea ore of the Wernerians. Editor.

[22] This jet of cold water being let into the cylinder itself, necessarily cooled it at every stroke; and then it was necessary to heat it again to the boiling point, before the piston would reascend, and thus a vast loss of heat occurred. Editor.

[23] But it is not necessary (as in the plate) to crowd the engine into the after-part of the boat, the boilers maybe placed forward, and near them, or over them, the cylinder, &c. The power is then communicated to the stern-wheel by a long shaft, supported on, or immediately under, the deck. This arrangement gives room for loading both behind and before the boilers and engine, and equalizes the burden. This is the actual arrangement of the Merrimack boat.

[24] It is found with very high steam that the source of supply must be above the chamber, or a small quantity of cold water introduced to condense the steam therein.

[25] Taken from the Philosophical Magazine, and by that work from the Annales de Chimie and de Physique, for January, 1818.

[26] A method of rendering changeable the sound of the same pipes in the organ, which had occurred to the writer, but which was not inserted above on account of the supposed difficulty of making the change sufficient in degree, he has since found to have been executed by the Rev. H. Liston, who has succeeded, by means of shaders capable of being brought before the mouths of his pipes by the action of pedals, in giving them three distinct sounds each, varying by two commas. (See the description of his Enharmonic organ, in Rees' Cyc. or Tilloch's Phil. Mag.) His scale embraces 59 intervals to the octave, and is intended to produce perfect harmony in all the keys. But as it will require the use of pedals perpetually, even on the same key, and a ready and perfect knowledge of small musical intervals, which practical musicians can seldom possess, there is no probability that it will ever be extensively adopted. Perhaps, however, four or five sounds, such as D

, E

, A

, D

, might be added to the common scale of 12 intervals by means of his mechanism, with advantage. An instrument thus furnished would require the use of pedals but seldom, and would contain chromatic degrees sufficient for the accurate performance of the great mass of organ music.

[27] These picture, as is well known, represent the assault on Quebec, and the battle of Bunker's Hill.

[CONTENTS.]

GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, &C.
Page
Art. I. Hints on some of the Outlines of Geological Arrangement, with particular Reference to the System of Werner, in a letter to the Editor, from William Maclure, Esq. dated Paris, 22d August, 1818[209]
Art. II. On the Geology, Mineralogy, Scenery, and Curiosities of Parts of Virginia, Tennessee, and the Alabama and Mississippi Territories, &c. with Miscellaneous Remarks, in a letter to the Editor. By the Rev. Elias Cornelius[214]
Art. III. Notice of the Scenery, Geology, Mineralogy, Botany, &c. of Belmont County, Ohio, by Caleb Atwater, Esq. of Circleville[226]
Art. IV. Remarks on the Structure of the Calton Hill, near Edinburgh, Scotland; and on the Aqueous Origin of Wacke; by J. W. Webster, M.D. of Boston[230]
Art. V. Localities of Minerals[236]
1. Localities by the Rev. F. C. Schaefferibid.
2. Minerals of Guadaloupe and Porto Rico[237]
3. Molybdena in Shutesbury, Mass.[238]
–————— Pettipaug, Con.[242]
4. Rose Quartz in Southbury, Con.[238]
Limpid Quartz in West Canada Creek, N. Y.[241]
5. Plumbago in Cornwall, Con.[239]
6. Coal at Zanesville, Ohioibid.
—— in Muskingum, Ohioibid.
—— in Suffield, Southington, &c. Con.[239] & [240]
7. Mammoth's Tooth, from St. Francis River[239]
8. Shells south of Lake Erieibid.
9. Minerals of the Blue Ridge, &c.ibid.
10. Sulphat of Barytes, Southington, Con.[240]
11. Scintillating Limestone, from Vermont[241]
12. Beryl, in Haddam, &c.[242]
13. Limpid Gypsum, near Cayuga Lake[243]
14. Amianthus in the anthracite of Rhode Islandibid.
15. Red Pyroxene Augite, near Baltimore[244]
BOTANY.
Art. VI. A List of Plants found in the neighbourhood of Connasarga River, (Cherokee Country) where Springplace is situated; made by Mrs. Gambold, at the request of the Rev. Elias Cornelius[245]
Art. VII. Description of a new species of Asclepias. By Dr. Eli Ives, Professor, &c. in the Medical Institution of Yale College[252]
Art. VIII. Description of a New Genus of American Grass. Diplocea Barbata, by C. S. Rafinesque, Esq.ibid.
Art. IX. Floral Calendar, &c.[254]
ZOOLOGY.
Art. X. Notes on Herpetology, by Thomas Say, of Philadelphia[256]
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY.
Art. XI. Outline of a Theory of Meteors. By Wm. G. Reynolds, M.D. Middletown Point, New-Jersey[266]
Art. XII. Observations upon the prevailing Currents of Air in the State of Ohio and the Regions of the West, by Caleb Atwater, Esq. of Circleville, Ohio; in Letters addressed to His Excellency De Witt Clinton, LL.D. Governor of the State of New-York, and President of the Literary and Philosophical Society[276]
Art. XIII. On a singular Disruption of the Ground, apparently by Frost, in Letters from Edward Hitchcock, A. M. late Principal of Deerfield Academy[286]
Art. XIV. On a New Form of the Electrical Battery, by J. F. Dana, M. D. Chemical Assistant in Harvard University, and Lecturer on Chemistry and Pharmacy in Dartmouth College[292]
Art. XV. Chemical Examination of the Berries of the Myrica Cerifera, or Wax Myrtle, by J. F. Dana, M. D. Chemical Assistant in Harvard University, and Lecturer on Chemistry and Pharmacy in Dartmouth College[294]
Art. XVI. Analysis of Wacke, by Dr. J. W. Webster, of Boston[296]
AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMICS.
Art. XVII. On the Comparative Quantity of Nutritious Matter which may be obtained from an Acre of Land when cultivated with Potatoes or Wheat, by Dr. Eli Ives, Professor of Materia Medica and Botany in Yale College[297]
MISCELLANEOUS.
Art. XVIII. Biographical Notice of the late Archibald Bruce, M. D. Professor of Materia Medica and Mineralogy in the Medical Institution of the State of New-York, and Queen's College, New-Jersey; and Member of various Learned Societies in America and Europe[299]
INTELLIGENCE.
Art. XIX. 1. Dr. J. W. Webster's Lectures[304]
2. Dr. Webster's Cabinet[305]
3. Supposed identity of Copal and Amber[306]
4. The Necronite.—(A supposed new mineral.)ibid.
5. Preservation of dead Bodies[307]
6. Matches kindling without fire[308]
7. Cleaveland's Mineralogyibid.
8. A new Alkali[309]
9. Ignited Platinum Wireibid.
10. Red Rainibid.
11. Gnephalium[310]
12. Augiteibid.
13. A New Vegetable Alkaliibid.
14. New Mineralsibid.
15. New Metalibid.
16. Pure Alumineibid.
17. Collections of American Mineralsibid.
18. C. S. Rafinesque, Esq.[311]
19. Medical College of Ohioibid.
20. Notes on Ohioibid.
21. Discovery of American Tungsten and Tellurium[312]
22. Mr. Sheldon's application of Chesnut Wood to the arts of Tanning and dyingibid.
23. Additional note concerning the Tungsten and Tellurium[316]

THE

AMERICAN

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, &c.

GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, TOPOGRAPHY, &c.