FOOTNOTES:

[15] "No great state can long remain quiet; if it has not an enemy abroad, it finds one at home, as powerful bodies resist all external attacks, but are destroyed by their internal strength."—Livy.

[16] "While each separately fights, all are conquered."—Tacitus.

[17]

Slavery Value.	After Abolition.	After Abolition of Apprenticeship.	Since passing Sugar Bill of 1846.	Name of the Estate.
£	£	£	£	Name of the Estate.
120,000	60,000	45,000	5,000	Windsor Forest.
65,000	32,000	26,000	5,000	La Grange.
55,000	27,500	23,000	3,500	Belle Plaine.
80,000	30,000	20,000	6,000	Rabacca.
70,000	25,000	17,000	3,000	Sir W. South.
45,000	20,000	15,000	5,000	Richmond Hill.
435,000	194,500	146,000	27,500
Slavery value,				£435,000
Estimated present value,				27,500
Depreciation,				£407,500
Or equal to 93½ per cent on original value.

—In Re Cruikshanks, in Chancery, Times, June 6th, 1849.

[18]

Quantities imported into the United Kingdom in the month ending April 5, 1849:—
Species of Corn, Grain, Meal, and Flour.	Imported from foreign countries.			The produce of, and imported from, British possessions out of Europe.			Total.
	Qrs.	Bush.		Qrs.	Bls.		Qrs.	Bush.
Wheat	535,015	2					535,015	2
Barley	150,177	5					150,177	5
Oats	146,149	6		1	6		146,151	4
Rye	20,768	4					20,768	4
Peas	12,313	6					12,313	6
Beans	60,294	5					60,294	5
Maize or Indian corn	184,772	4					184,772	4
Buck-wheat	12	3					12	3
Bere or bigg	800	0					800	0
Total of corn and grain	1,110,304	3		1	6		1,110,306	1
	Cwt.	qrs.	lb.	Cwt.	q.	lb.	Cwt.	qrs.	lb.
Wheat meal or flour	307,617	0	7	753	3	11	308,370	3	18
Barley meal
Oat meal	24	2	0				24	2	0
Rye meal	1,571	1	9				1,571	1	9
Pea meal	10	0	0				10	0	0
Indian meal	10,707	1	10				10,707	1	10
Buck-wheat meal	80	0	0				80	0	0
Total of meal and flour	320,010	0	26	753	3	11	320,764	0	9
Quantities charged with duty for Home Consumption in the United Kingdom in the month ended April 5, 1849:—
Species of Corn, Grain, Meal, and Flour.	Imported from foreign countries.			The produce of, and imported from, British possessions out of Europe.			Total.
	Qrs.	Bush.		Qrs.	Bls.		Qrs.	Bush.
Wheat	559,602	2					559,602	2
Barley	170,343	5					170,343	5
Oats	149,784	5					149,786	3
Rye	22,432	1		1	6		22,432	1
Peas	17,782	0					17,782	0
Beans	59,546	5					59,546	5
Maize or Indian corn	183,604	6					183,604	6
Buck-wheat	12	3					12	3
Bere or bigg	800	0					800	0
Total of corn and grain	1,163,908	3		1	6		1,163,910	1
	Cwt.	qrs.	lb.	Cwt.	q.	lb.	Cwt.	qrs.	lb.
Wheat meal or flour	353,799	1	3	2509	0	1	356,308	1	4
Barley meal
Oat meal	26	2	8				26	2	8
Rye meal	825	3	6				825	3	6
Pea meal	10	0	0				10	0	0
Indian meal	10,671	1	7				10,671	1	7
Buck-wheat meal	80	0	0				80	0	0
Total of meal and flour	365,412	3	24	2509	0	1	367,921	3	25

—London Gazette, 20th April, 1849.

[19]

"Advenio supplex, non ut proculcet Araxen
Consul ovans, nostræve premant pharetrata secures
Susa, nec ut rubris Aquilas figamus arenis.
Hæc nobis, hæc ante dabas. Nunc pabula tantum
Roma precor. Miserere tuæ pater optime gentis,
Extremam defenda famam—Satiavimus iram,
Si quâ fuit. Lugenda Getis et flenda Suëvis
Hausimus: ipsa meos exhorret Parthia casus.

—Claudian, De Bello. Gildonico, 35—100.

[20] In 1845, the Bank of England notes out with the public were about £23,000,000. Since the free trade began they have seldom been above £18,000,000, and at times as low as £16,800,000, and that at the very time when all the railways were going on.

[21] Newdegate's Letter to Mr Labouchere, p. 12-13.

[22] Newdegate's Letter to Mr Labouchere, p. 17.

[23]

	Total Imports.	Total Exports. Home and Colonial.	Balance of Freight carried by British Ships.	Balance of Trade against Britain.
	Total Imports.	Total Exports. Home and Colonial.	Balance of Freight carried by British Ships.	Exports and Imports.	Deducting Freights.
1845	£84,054,272	£70,236,726	£12,979,089	£13,817,446	£838,357
1846	89,281,433	66,283,270	13,581,165	22,998,163	9,416,998
1847	117,047,229	70,329,671	18,817,742	46,717,558	27,899,816
1848	92,660,699	61,557,191	14,699,491	31,103,508	16,404,017
	£383,043,633	£268,406,878	£60,077,487	£114,636,675	£54,559,188

—Newdegate, 12-13.

[POSTSCRIPT.]

The discussion on the Canadian question, in the House of Lords, has had one good effect. It has elicited from Lord Lyndhurst a most powerful and able speech, in the best style of that great judge and distinguished statesman's oratory; and it has caused Lord Campbell to make an exhibition of spleen, ill-humour, and bad taste, which his warmest friends must have beheld with regret, and which was alone wanting to show the cogent effect which Lord Lyndhurst's speech had made on the house. Of the nature of Lord Campbell's attack on that able and venerable judge, second to none who ever sat in Westminster Hall for judicial power and forensic eloquence, some idea may be formed from the observations in reply of Lord Stanley:—

"I must say for myself, and I think I may say for the rest of the house, and not with the exception of noble lords on the opposite side of it, that they listened to that able, lucid, and powerful speech (Lord Lyndhurst's) with a feeling of anything but pain—a feeling of admiration at the power of language, the undiminished clearness of intellect—(cheers)—the conciseness and force with which my noble and learned friend grappled with the arguments before him, and which, while on the one hand they showed that age had in no degree impaired the vigour of that power, on the other added to the regret at the announcement he made of his intention so seldom to occupy the attention of the house. (Hear, hear.) But I should have thought that if there were one feeling it was impossible for any man to entertain after hearing that speech, it would be a feeling in any way akin to that which led the noble and learned lord to have introduced his answer to that speech by any unworthy taunts. (Loud cheers.) His noble and learned friend's high position and great experience, his high character and eminent ability, might have secured him in the honoured decline of his course from any such unworthy taunts—(great cheering)—as the noble and learned lord has not thought it beneath him on such an occasion to address to such a man. (Renewed cheering.) If the noble and learned lord listened with pain to the able statement of my noble and learned friend, sure am I that there is no friend of the noble and learned lord who must not have listened with deeper pain to what fell from him on this occasion."—Times, 20th June 1849.

And of the feeling of the country, on this uncalled-for and unprovoked attack, an estimate may be formed from the following passage of the Times on the subject:—"This debate has also recalled to the scene of his former triumphs the undiminished energy and vigorous eloquence of Lord Lyndhurst. That it supplied Lord Campbell with the opportunity of making a series of remarks in the worst possible taste on that aged and distinguished peer is, we suspect, a matter on which neither the learned lord nor any of his colleagues will be disposed to look back with satisfaction."—Times, 22d June 1849.

What Lord Campbell says of Lord Lyndhurst is, that he was once a Liberal and he has now become a Conservative: that the time was when he would have supported such a bill as that which the Canadian parliament tendered to Lord Elgin, and that now he opposes it. There is no doubt of the fact: experience has taught him the errors of his early ways; he has not stood all day gazing at the east because the sun rose there in the morning—he has looked around him, and seen the consequences of those delusive visions in which, in common with most men of an ardent temperament, he early indulged. In doing so, he has made the same change as Pitt and Chatham, as Burke and Mackintosh, as Windham and Brougham, as Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Southey. There are men of a different stamp—men whom no experience can teach, and no facts wean from error—who retain in advanced life the prejudices and passions of their youth, and signalise declining years by increased personal ambition and augmented party spleen. Whatever Lord Lyndhurst may be, he is not one of them. He has not won his retiring allowance by a week's service in the Court of Chancery. He can look back on a life actively spent in the public service, and enjoy in his declining years the pleasing reflection, that the honours and fortune he has won are but the just meed of a nation's gratitude, for important public services long and admirably performed.

The Canadian question, itself, on which ministers so narrowly escaped shipwreck in the House of Peers (by a majority of THREE) appears to us to lie within a very small compass. Cordially disapproving as we do of the bill for indemnifying the rebels which the Canadian ministry introduced and the Canadian parliament passed, we yet cannot see that any blame attaches to Lord Elgin personally for giving the consent of government to the bill. Be the bill good or bad, just or unjust, it had passed the legislature by a large majority, and Lord Elgin would not have been justified in withholding his consent, any more than Queen Victoria would have been in refusing to pass the Navigation Laws Bill. The passing of disagreeable and often unjust laws, by an adverse majority, is a great evil, no doubt; but it is an evil inherent in popular and responsible government, for which the Canadian loyalists equally with the Canadian rebels contended. Let our noble brethren in Canada reflect on this. The Conservatives of England have for long seen a series of measures pass the legislature, which they deem destructive to the best interests of their country; but they never talked of separating from their Liberal fellow-citizens on that account, or blamed the Queen because she affixed the royal assent to their bills. They are content to let time develop the consequences of these acts; and meanwhile they direct all their efforts to enlighten their countrymen on the subject, and, if possible, regain a preponderance in the legislature for their own party. The Canadian loyalists, second to none in the British empire in courage, energy, and public spirit, will doubtless see, when the heat of the contest is over, that it is by such conduct that they will best discharge their duty to their country.

Printed by William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh.

Transcriber's Notes:

Punctuation and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical and spelling errors were corrected.

Provided anchor for unanchored footnote on p. [33].

In the table to the footnote to p. [119] the 1 6 for oats or rye should likely be in the same row.

On p. [122] either the total of £9,460,957 should be £9,360,957 or one of the summands is incorrect.