FOOTNOTES:
[1] Prison Report 1848, p. 73.
[2] In 1848, the number committed for serious offences was 73,770.
[3] See the "Increase of Crime, and Imprisonment, and Transportation," Blackwood's Magazine, May and July 1844, vol. lv. p. 532, and vol. lvi. p. 1.
[4] Table showing the number of commitments for serious offences in the undermentioned years in England, Scotland, and Ireland:—
| Years. | England. | Scotland. | Ireland. | Total. |
| 1837 | 23,612 | 3,126 | 24,804 | 51,542 |
| 1838 | 23,094 | 3,418 | 25,723 | 52,235 |
| 1839 | 24,443 | 3,409 | 26,392 | 54,244 |
| 1840 | 27,187 | 3,872 | 23,833 | 54,892 |
| 1841 | 27,760 | 3,562 | 20,776 | 52,118 |
| 1842 | 31,309 | 4,189 | 21,186 | 56,684 |
| 1843 | 29,591 | 3,615 | 20,126 | 53,332 |
| 1844 | 26,542 | 3,577 | 19,448 | 49,565 |
| 1845 | 24,309 | 3,537 | 16,696 | 44,542 |
| 1846 | 25,107 | 2,901 | 18,492 | 46,500 |
| 1847 | 28,833 | 4,635 | 31,209 | 64,677 |
| 1848 | 30,349 | 4,909 | 38,522* | 73,770 |
* Irish Rebellion.
[5] Brougham's Colonial Policy, i. 61, 62.
[6] Cunningham's New South Wales, i. 262.
[7] Table showing the annual exports of British manufactures to the undermentioned Colonies, from 1828 to 1846.
| Years. | Canada, &c. Without Convicts. | The Cape, Without Convicts. | Australia, With Convicts. |
| 1828 | £1,691,044 | £218,849 | £443,839 |
| 1829 | 1,581,723 | 257,501 | 310,681 |
| 1830 | 1,857,133 | 330,036 | 314,677 |
| 1831 | 2,089,327 | 257,245 | 398,471 |
| 1832 | 2,075,725 | 292,405 | 466,328 |
| 1833 | 2,092,550 | 346,197 | 558,372 |
| 1834 | 1,671,069 | 304,382 | 716,014 |
| 1835 | 2,158,158 | 326,921 | 696,345 |
| 1836 | 2,732,291 | 482,315 | 835,637 |
| 1837 | 2,141,035 | 488,811 | 921,568 |
| 1838 | 1,992,457 | 623,323 | 1,336,662 |
| 1839 | 3,047,671 | 464,130 | 1,679,390 |
| 1840 | 2,847,913 | 417,091 | 2,004,385 |
| 1841 | 2,947,061 | 384,574 | 1,269,351 |
| 1842 | 2,333,525 | 369,076 | 916,164 |
| 1843 | 1,751,211 | 502,577 | 1,211,815 |
| 1844 | 3,076,861 | 420,151 | 744,482 |
| 1845 | 3,555,954 | 648,749 | 1,201,076 |
| 1846 | 3,308,059 | 480,979 | 1,441,640 |
| Population. | Exports. | Proportion per head. | |
| United States of America, | 14,000,000 | £12,425,605 | £0 17 6 |
| Canada, &c., | 1,500,000 | 2,739,291 | 1 16 0 |
| British West India Islands, | 900,000 | 3,786,453 | 3 12 0 |
| Australia, | 100,000 | 835,637 | 8 14 0 |
[8] It now (1849) exceeds 200,000 souls.
[9] Colonial Magazine, i. 431, 433.
[10] While we write these lines, the following advertisement, which appeared in the Times of Oct. 10, will illustrate this vital difference:—
"Emigration.—The undersigned are prepared to forward intending emigrants to every colony now open for colonisation, at the following rates of passage-money:—To Sydney, £15; Melbourne, £15; Adelaide, £15; Swan River, £20; Van Diemen's Land, £20; New Zealand, £18; Cape of Good Hope, £10; Natal, £10; California, £25; New York, £2, 10s.; Philadelphia, £2, 10s.; New Orleans, £3.—Harrison & Co.—11 Union Street, Birmingham."
[11] Emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland to Australia and New Zealand:—
| 1830, | 1,242 | 1836, | 3,124 | 1842, | 8,534 |
| 1831, | 1,561 | 1837, | 5,054 | 1843, | 3,478 |
| 1832, | 3,733 | 1838, | 14,021 | 1844, | 2,229 |
| 1833, | 4,093 | 1839, | 15,726 | 1845, | 830 |
| 1834, | 2,800 | 1840, | 15,850 | 1846, | 2,227 |
| 1835, | 1,860 | 1841, | 32,625 |
—Porter's Parliamentary Tables, 1846, p. 236.
[12] Sentenced to be transported—
| England. | Scotland. | Ireland. | Total. | |
| 1846, | 2805 | 352 | 753 | 3810 |
| 1847, | 2896 | 456 | 2185 | 5537 |
| 1848, | 3251 | 459 | 2678* | 6388 |
—Parliamentary Returns, 1846-8.
[13] At the rate of £7, 14s. a-head—the present rate in Australia.
[14] Viz.:—1847, 258,000; 1848, 248,000; 1849, understood to be still larger.—Parliamentary Reports.
[15] See Dublin University Magazine, October 1849, p. 372.
[MY PENINSULAR MEDAL.]
BY AN OLD PENINSULAR.