FOOTNOTES

Footnote 1: ([return]) The Heretic. Translated from the Russian of Lajétchnikoff. By T.B. Shaw, B.A. of Cambridge. In three volumes.

Footnote 2: ([return]) A jeu de mots impossible to be rendered in English; Kourítza, in Russian, is a 'hen.'"—T.B.S.

Footnote 3: ([return]) "When Vladímir, to convert the Russians to Christianity, caused the image of their idol Peróun to be thrown into the Dniépr, the people of Kíeff are said to have shouted 'vuiduibái, bátioushka, vuiduibái!'—bátioushka signifies 'father;' but the rest of the exclamation has never been explained, though it has passed into a proverb."—T.B.S.

Footnote 4: ([return]) Nástia—the diminutive of Anastasia; Nástenka, the same. Russian caressing names generally end in sia, she, óusha, or óushka—as Vásia, (for Iván;) Andrióusha, (Andrei;) Varpholoméoushka, ( Bartholomew.)"—T.B.S.

Footnote 5: ([return]) George Selwyn and his Contemporaries, with Memoirs and Notes. By T.H. Jesse. 4 vols.

Footnote 6: ([return]) The privileges of the first-born passed away from the tribe of Reuben, and were divided among his brethren. The double portion of the inheritance was given to Joseph—the priesthood to Levi—and the sovereignty to Judah. The tribe never rose into national power, and it was the first which was carried into captivity.

Footnote 7: ([return]) The massacre of the Shechemites was the crime of the two brothers. For a long period the tribe of Simeon was depressed; and its position, on the verge of the Amalekites, always exposed it to suffering. The Levites, though finally entrusted with the priesthood, had no inheritance in Palestine: they dwelt scattered among the tribes.

Footnote 8: ([return]) The tribe of Judah was distinguished from the beginning of the nation. It led the van in the march to Palestine. It was the first appointed to expel the Canaanites. It gave the first judge, Othniel. It was the tribe of David, and, most glorious of all titles, was the Tribe of our LORD.

Footnote 9: ([return]) Zebulon was a maritime tribe, its location extending along the sea-shore, and stretching to the borders of Sidon. The tribe of Issachar were located in the country afterwards called Lower Galilee; were chiefly tillers of the soil; were never distinguished in the military or civil transactions of the nation, and, as they dwelt among the Canaanites, seem to have habitually served them for hire. Issachar is characterised as the "strong ass"—a drudge, powerful but patient.

Footnote 10: ([return]) The tribe of Dan were remarkable for the daring of their exploits in war, and not less so for their stratagems. Their great chieftain Samson, distinguished alike for strength and subtlety, might be an emblem of their qualities and history.

Footnote 11: ([return]) Gad; a tribe engaged in continual and memorable conflicts.

Footnote 12: ([return]) Naphtali and Asher inhabited the most fertile portions of Palestine.

Footnote 13: ([return]) The two tribes Ephraim and Manasseh, descended from Joseph, possessed the finest portion of the land, along both sides of the Jordan. The united tribes numbered a larger population than any of the rest. Besides Joshua, five of the twelve judges of Israel were of the united tribes. In the formation of the kingdom of Israel, an Ephraimite was the first king.

Footnote 14: ([return]) The tribe of Benjamin was conspicuous for valour. But its turbulence and ferocity wrought its fall, in the great battles recorded in Judges xix. and xx. Saul was of this fierce tribe. It was finally lost in that of Judah.

This great prophecy was delivered about three hundred years before the conquest of Palestine.

Footnote 15: ([return]) Foreign and Colonial Review, Vol. i. p. 235.

Footnote 16: ([return]) Foreign and Colonial Review, Vol. i. p. 233.

Footnote 17: ([return]) Porter's Progress of the Nation, Vol. i. p. 101.

Footnote 18: ([return]) Table showing the date and value of Exports of British Iron Manufacturers to Europe in the afore-mentioned years.

YearsNorthern Europe.Southern Europe.Total.
1814£14,113,773£12,753,816£26,867,589
1815 11,791,692 8,764,552 20,556,544
1816 11,369,086 7,284,467 18,653,555
1817 11,408,083 9,685,491 19,093,574
1818 11,809,243 7,639,139 19,448,382
1819 9,805,397 6,896,287 16,601,684
1820 11,289,891 7,139,042 18,428,433
1833 9,313,549 5,686,949 15,000,498
1834 9,505,892 8,501,141 18,007,033
1835 10,303,316 8,161,117 18,464,433
1836 9,999,861 9,011,205 19,000,066
1837 11,097,436 7,789,126 18,187,662
1838 11,258,473 9,481,372 20,739,845
1839 11,991,236 9,376,241 21,367,477

YearsNorthern Europe.Southern Europe.Total.
1814£14,113,773£12,753,816£26,867,589
1815 11,791,692 8,764,552 20,556,544
1816 11,369,086 7,284,467 18,653,555
1817 11,408,083 9,685,491 19,093,574
1818 11,809,243 7,639,139 19,448,382
1819 9,805,397 6,896,287 16,601,684
1820 11,289,891 7,139,042 18,428,433
1833 9,313,549 5,686,949 15,000,498
1834 9,505,892 8,501,141 18,007,033
1835 10,303,316 8,161,117 18,464,433
1836 9,999,861 9,011,205 19,000,066
1837 11,097,436 7,789,126 18,187,662
1838 11,258,473 9,481,372 20,739,845
1839 11,991,236 9,376,241 21,367,477

Footnote 19: ([return])

Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, February 13, 1823; and Annual Register, 1823, p. 104.

Table showing the British and Foreign tonnage, with Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Prussia, since 1823, when the reciprocity system began, in each of the following years:—


SWEDEN. NORWAY. DENMARK. PRUSSIA.
Years British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons
1821 23,005 8,508 13,855 61,342 5,312 3,969 79,590 37,720
1822 20,799 13,692 13,377 87,974 7,096 3,910 102,847 58,270
1823 20,986 22,529 13,122 117,015 4,413 4,795 81,202 86,013
1824 17,074 40,092 11,419 135,272 6,738 23,689 94,664 151,621
1825 15,906 53,141 14,825 157,910 15,158 50,943 189,214 182,752
1826 11,829 16,939 15,603 90,726 22,000 56,544 119,060 120,589
1827 11,719 21,822 13,945 96,420 10,825 52,456 150,718 109,184
1828 14,877 24,700 10,826 85,771 17,464 49,293 133,753 99,195
1829 16,536 25,046 9,985 86,205 24,576 53,390 125,918 127,861
1830 12,116 23,158 6,459 84,585 12,210 51,420 102,758 139,646
1831 11,450 39,689 4,518 114,865 6,552 62,190 83,908 140,532
1832 8,335 25,755 3,798 82,155 7,268 35,772 62,079 89,187
1833 10,009 29,454 5,901 98,931 6,840 38,620 41,735 108,753
1834 15,353 35,910 6,403 98,303 5,691 53,282 32,021 118,111
1835 12,036 35,061 2,592 95,049 6,007 49,008 25,514 124,144
1836 10,865 42,439 1,573 12,875 2,152 51,907 42,567 174,439
1837 7,608 42,602 1,035 88,004 5,357 55,961 67,566 145,742
1838 10,425 38,991 1,364 110,817 3,466 57,554 86,734 175,643
1839 8,359 42,270 2,582 109,228 5,535 106,960 111,470 229,208
1840 11,933 53,337 3,166 114,241 6,327 103,067 112,709 237,984

—PORTER'S Part. Tables.

SWEDEN. NORWAY. DENMARK. PRUSSIA.
Years British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons		 British
tons		 Foreign
tons
1821 23,005 8,508 13,855 61,342 5,312 3,969 79,590 37,720
1822 20,799 13,692 13,377 87,974 7,096 3,910 102,847 58,270
1823 20,986 22,529 13,122 117,015 4,413 4,795 81,202 86,013
1824 17,074 40,092 11,419 135,272 6,738 23,689 94,664 151,621
1825 15,906 53,141 14,825 157,910 15,158 50,943 189,214 182,752
1826 11,829 16,939 15,603 90,726 22,000 56,544 119,060 120,589
1827 11,719 21,822 13,945 96,420 10,825 52,456 150,718 109,184
1828 14,877 24,700 10,826 85,771 17,464 49,293 133,753 99,195
1829 16,536 25,046 9,985 86,205 24,576 53,390 125,918 127,861
1830 12,116 23,158 6,459 84,585 12,210 51,420 102,758 139,646
1831 11,450 39,689 4,518 114,865 6,552 62,190 83,908 140,532
1832 8,335 25,755 3,798 82,155 7,268 35,772 62,079 89,187
1833 10,009 29,454 5,901 98,931 6,840 38,620 41,735 108,753
1834 15,353 35,910 6,403 98,303 5,691 53,282 32,021 118,111
1835 12,036 35,061 2,592 95,049 6,007 49,008 25,514 124,144
1836 10,865 42,439 1,573 12,875 2,152 51,907 42,567 174,439
1837 7,608 42,602 1,035 88,004 5,357 55,961 67,566 145,742
1838 10,425 38,991 1,364 110,817 3,466 57,554 86,734 175,643
1839 8,359 42,270 2,582 109,228 5,535 106,960 111,470 229,208
1840 11,933 53,337 3,166 114,241 6,327 103,067 112,709 237,984

Footnote 20: ([return]) Tacitus, Vol. xiv. p. 21; Michelet's Hist. de France, Vol. i. p. 217.

Edinburgh: Printed by Ballantyne and Hughes, Paul's Work.