FOOTNOTES:
[1] Recollections of a Literary Life; or, Books, Places, and People. By Mary Russell Mitford, author of "Our Village," &c.
[2] The Cape and the Kafirs; or, Notes of Five Years' Residence in South Africa. By Alfred W. Cole. London, 1852.
[3] The Army—Blackwood's Magazine, No. CCCLXX., for August 1846.
[4] The Cape and the Kafirs, p. 110-11.
[5] Translation of Charron on Wisdom. By G. Stanhope, D.D., late Dean of Canterbury, (1729.) A translation remarkable for ease, vigour, and (despite that contempt for the strict rules of grammar, which was common enough amongst writers at the commencement of the last century) for the idiomatic raciness of its English.
[6] The Grenville Papers. Edited by W. J. Smith, Esq. 2 vols. 8vo. London: Murray.
[7] Tibet, Tartary, and Mongolia: Their Social and Political Condition, and the Religion of Boodh, as there existing, &c. By Henry T. Prinsep, Esq. London, 1851.
[8] Souvenirs d'un Voyage dans la Tartarie, le Thibet, et la Chine, pendant les années 1844, 1845, et 1846. Par M. Huc, Prêtre-Missionaire de la Congregation de Saint Lazare. Paris, 1850.
[9] Vide Greek Lexicon—Ορος—A mountain; Ὁρος—A boundary.
[10] Hema-alya, i. e. Hiemis Aula—The abode of snow.
[11] On the other hand, it is curious that Rennel should have misapprehended the true courses of the other Ngari rivers as he has done. The upper streams of both Indus and Sutlej—the one as flowing past Ladakh from the range of Kylass, and the other past Chaprung from the Rakas lake—are represented with a general truth; but instead of tracing them westward to their true debouchments in the Punjaub, under the well-known names just mentioned, the Ganges is made to draw its waters from the combination of these two Tibetan streams, thus acquiring an imaginary extension of several hundred miles.—(See Memoir of a Map of Hindostan, 1778, p. 102.)
[12] The Tibetan scholar Csoma de Körös writes it Patala.
[13] "It is said that when the son of a chieftain attains the age of from ten to fifteen, the father is invited to Pekin, and, after being treated with every mark of distinction, is sent back to his tribe. On the route, some Chinese functionary, in the course of the usual interchange of civilities, in which tea forms a prominent part, takes an opportunity of giving him a medicated draught: his son, whose youth and inexperience render him harmless, is raised to his father's dignity, to be removed by a similar method in his turn before he becomes dangerous."—Moorcroft and Trebeck, vol. i. p. 380.
[14] Alphabetum Tibetanum, p. 247.
[15] The red Lamas are stated by some travellers to constitute several sects.
[16] Huc, vol. ii. ch. iii.
[17] This very remarkable person, a native of Pesth, travelled to the East about thirty years ago, with the view of tracing the original birthplace of the Hungarian race, which he conceived was to be found in Tibet. Moorcroft, on one of his expeditions, whilst resident at Ladakh, encountered him travelling in the garb of an Armenian, and obtained for him from the khalun, or minister, permission to reside in the monastery of Zanskar, (south-west of Lé). Here he spent several years mastering the Tibetan literature, and composing a grammar and dictionary of the language. This great work was carried on when, for four months, the thermometer was below zero, in a room nine feet square, and without a fire! He afterwards proceeded to Calcutta, and resided there till 1841 or 1842, engaged, under some patronage from the Bengal government and Asiatic Society, in publishing the works above mentioned, and many other notices of Tibetan literature.
In 1842 he visited the hill-station of Darjeeling, in sanguine expectation of being able to prosecute a long-meditated journey to Lhassa, but shortly after his arrival was seized with fever, and died.
[18] Remusat, quoted in Huc.
[19] Roughing it in the Bush; or, Life in Canada. By Susanna Moodie. In 2 vols. London: 1852.
[20] Suggestions for a Conservative and Popular Reform in the Commons House of Parliament. By Augustus G. Stapleton, B.A. Hatchard, London.