Replies to Minor Queries.

Chaplains to Noblemen (Vol. vii., p. 85.).—The statute in which chaplains to noblemen are first named is 21 Henry VIII. c. 13. (1529); in which, by sect. 11., it is enacted, "that every Archbysshop and Duke may have vj chapleyns;" "every Markes and Erle may have fyve chapleyns;" "every vycecount and other Byshop may have foure chapleyns;" and "the Chancellour of England for the tyme beying and every Baron or Knyght of the Garter may have thre chapleyns:" and one chaplain of each order, whether Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount, or Baron, is thereby authorised to purchase "lycence or dispensacion to take, receyve, and kepe two parsonages or benefices with cure of souls" (Stat. of the Realm, vol. iii. p. 294.). I believe that X. will find a regular registry of these appointments in Doctors' Commons.

It may be interesting to add, that among the other persons named in this statute are the Master of the Rolls, who may have "two chapleyns;" and the "Chefe Justice of the Kinges Benche," who may have "one chapleyn." By another statute, 25 Henry VIII. c. 16. (1533-4), this last power to have one chaplain is extended to "every Jugge of the seid high courtes" (King's Bench and Common Pleas), "the Chaunceller and Cheffe Baron of the Exchequer, the kynges generall attorney and generall soliciter" (Ibid. p. 457.)

Edward Foss.

Mitigation of Capital Punishment to a Forger (Vol. vi., p. 614.).—I have been and still am inquiring into the two cases of mitigation, intending to send the result, when I have found satisfactory evidence, or exhausted my sources of inquiry. The communication of Whunside is the first direct testimony, and may settle the Fawcett case. As he was "resident at Mr. Fawcett's when the circumstances occurred," perhaps he will be so kind as to state the date and place of the conviction, and the name of the convict. By adding his own name, the facts will stand upon his authority.

H. B. C.

U. U. Club.

Brydone the Tourist (Vol. vii., p. 108.).—A. B. C. inquires the birthplace of Brydone, "the tourist and author." I presume he refers to Patrick Brydone, who wrote Travels in Sicily and Malta, and who held, I believe, an appointment under the Commissioners of Stamps, and died about thirty years ago. Some four-and-twenty years back, I arrived, late in the evening, at the hospitable cottage of Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, at Altrieve, in the vale of Yarrow. It happened to be, as it often was, too full of guests to afford me a bed; and I was transferred by my host to the house of a neighbouring gentleman, where I slept. That gentleman was Mr. Brydone, of Mount Benger,

who I found was a near relative of Brydone the tourist, whose birthplace was in the Forest of Ettrick.

M. R—son.

Yankee (Vol. vii., p. 103.).—I am afraid Mr. Bell's ingenious speculations must give way to facts. Our transatlantic brethren do not, either willingly or unwillingly, adopt Yankee as their "collective name." Yankee was, and is, a name given exclusively to the natives of the New England States, and was never therefore applied, by an American, to the people of New Amsterdam or New York. Here, in England, indeed, we are accustomed to call all Americans Yankees; which is about the same thing as to call all Englishmen Devonians or Lancastrians.

Y. A.

Miniature Ring of Charles I. (Vol. vi., p. 578.).—One of the four rings inquired for is in the possession of Mrs. Andrew Henderson, of 102. Gloucester Place, Portman Square, formerly Miss Adolphus. It came to her in the female line, through her mother's family. The unfortunate Charles I. presented it to Sir Lionel Walden, on the morning on which he lost his life. It bears (as the other one alluded to in Hulbert's History of Salop) a miniature likeness of the king, set in small brilliants. Inside the ring are the words, "Sic transit gloria regum." Mrs. Henderson understood the four rings to have been presented as follows:—Bishop Juxon, Sir Lionel Walden, Colonel Ashburnham, and Herbert his secretary. Which of the four is now in the possession of the Misses Pigott is not mentioned.

Anon.

Bishop of Ossory—Cardinal's Hat (Vol. vii., p. 72.).—A. S. A. is quite correct, that the hat is common to all prelates, and that the distinction is only in the number of the tassels to the hat-strings; but I think he is wrong in attributing the hat to priors. I believe it only belonged to abbots, who had black hats and tassels; while the colour of the prelatical hats and tassels was green. (See Père Anselme's Palais d'Honneur, chap. xxii. and plate.)

Hugh Oldham, Bishop of Exeter (Vol. vii., p. 14.).—Hugh Oldham bore for his arms, Sa. a chevron or, between three owls proper on a chief of the second, three roses gu. (See Isaacke's Memorials of the City of Exeter; and also Burke's Armory, under the name Oldom.) I have endeavoured to find some pedigree or particulars of his family, but as yet without success. The following Notes from what I have collected may, however, assist J. B. in his inquiries. He was of Queen's College, Cambridge, and chaplain to the Countess of Richmond (King Henry VII.'s mother), and by her interest was installed Bp. of Exeter, April 3, 1507. He was a great benefactor to Brazenose College, Oxford, and joint founder (with Richard Fox, Bishop of Winchester) of Corpus Christi. He also founded and endowed a school at Manchester, for educating boys in good and useful literature. He died June 25, 1523, under sentence of excommunication, in consequence of an action at law then pending between him and the Abbot of Tavistock; but the Pope's sanction being obtained, he was buried in a chapel built expressly for the purpose, at the upper end of the south aisle of his own cathedral.

J. T—t.

"Sic transit gloria mundi" (Vol. vi., pp. 100. 183.).—I have lately found two additional passages, which speak of this line being used at the Pope's inauguration. The first is amongst the writings of Cornelius à Lapide:

"Datus est mihi stimulus carnis meæ Angelus Satanæ, qui me colaphizet." ... "Datus est non a Diabolo sed a Deo; non quod Deus tentationis sit auctor, sed quia diabolo tentare Paulum parato, id permisit, idque tantum in specie et materia libidinis ad eum humiliandum. Ita August. de Natura et Grat., c. 27. Hic monitor, ait Hieron., Epist. 25., ad Paulum de obitu Blæsillæ, Paulo datus est, ad premendam superbiam, uti in curru triumphali triumphanti datur Monitor suggerens: hominem te esse memento. Uti et Pontifici cum inauguratur, stupa accensa et mox extincta accinitur:

"Pater sancte sic transit gloria mundi."

Commentaria in 2nd. Epist. ad Cor. cap. xii. 7.

vol. ix. p. 404.: Antwerpiæ, 1705, fol.

The second passage is merely a repetition of the above-quoted words of A Lapide, but I may as well subjoin a reference to it: Ursini Paralipomena, lib. ii., Meletematum, p. 315.: Norimbergæ, 1667, 12mo.

Rt.

Warmington.

Wake (Vol. vi., p. 532.).—In a Wake pedigree in my possession, the name of the wife of Sir Hugh Wake, Knight, Lord of Blisworth, who died May 4, 1315, is stated to be "Joane, daughter and co-heiress of John de Wolverton." I am unable to say now on what authority.

W. S. (Sheffield.)

Sir Hugh Wake, Lord of Deeping in Lincolnshire and Blyseworth in Northamptonshire, married Joane, daughter and co-heiress of John de Wolverton. (See Kimber and Johnson's Baronetage, 3 vols. 1771.)

Broctana.

Bury, Lancashire.

"Words are given to man to conceal his thoughts" (Vol. vi., p. 575.).—This saying may be anterior to Dr. South's time, as the first number of The World, under the assumed name of Adam Fitz-Adam, Thursday, January 4, 1753, begins with the following:

"At the village of Arouche, in the province of Estremadura (says an old Spanish author), lived Gonzales de Castro, who from the age of twelve to fifty-two years was deaf, dumb, and blind."

After relating the sudden restoration of his faculties, "Fitz-Adam" proceeds:

"But, as if the blessings of this life were only given us for afflictions, he began in a few weeks to lose the relish of his enjoyments, and to repine at the possession of those faculties, which served only to discover to him the follies and disorders of his neighbours, and to teach him that the intent of speech was too often to deceive."

It may serve to probe the matter of age to ask, Who was "the old Spanish author" alluded to? Also, where may be found the hexameter line—

"ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθει ἐνὶ φρεσὶν ἄλλο δὲ βάζει."

equivalent to the common expression, "He says one thing and means another," and of which the maxim attribute to Goldsmith, Talleyrand, the Morning Chronicle, and South, seems only a stronger form?

Furvus.

St. James's.

Inscription on Penny of George III. (Vol. vii., p. 65.).—"Stabit quocunque jeceris" (it will stand in whatever way you throw it) is the well-known motto of the Isle of Mann, and has reference to the arms of the island, which are—Gules, three armed legs argent, flexed in triangle, garnished and spurred or. I venture to conjecture that the three legs of Mann were also on the penny J. M. A. mentioned.

Some curious lines about this motto are to be found in The Isle of Mann Guide, by James Brotherston Laughton, B.A. (Douglas, 1850): one verse is—

"With spurs and bright cuishes, to make them look neat,

He rigg'd out the legs; then to make them complete,

He surrounded the whole with four fine Roman feet.

They were 'Quocunque jeceris stabit,'

A thorough-paced Roman Iamb."

The fore-mentioned work also contains a song entitled "The Copper Row," referring to the disturbances occasioned by the coinage of 1840.

Thompson Cooper.

Cambridge.

This is, I suppose, a Manx penny, with the reverse of three legs, and the motto, which is usually read "Quocunque jeceris stabit."

"Nine Tailors make a Man" (Vol. vi., pp. 390. 563.).—I extract the following humorous account of the origin of this saying from The British Apollo (12mo., reprint of 1726, vol. i. p. 236.):

"It happen'd ('tis no great matter in what year) that eight taylors, having finish'd considerable pieces of work at a certain person of quality's house (whose name authors have thought fit to conceal), and receiving all the money due for the same, a virago servant maid of the house observing them to be but slender-built animals, and in their mathematical postures on their shop-board appearing but so many pieces of men, resolv'd to encounter and pillage them on the road. The better to compass her design, she procured a very terrible great black-pudding, which (having waylaid them) she presented at the breast of the foremost: they, mistaking this prop of life for an instrument of death, at least a blunder-buss, readily yielded up their money; but she, not contented with that, severely disciplin'd them with a cudgel she carry'd in the other hand, all which they bore with a philosophical resignation. Thus, eight not being able to deal with one woman, by consequence could not make a man, on which account a ninth is added. 'Tis the opinion of our curious virtuosos, that this want of courage ariseth from their immoderate eating of cucumbers, which too much refrigerates their blood. However, to their eternal honour be it spoke, they have been often known to encounter a sort of cannibals, to whose assaults they are often subject, not fictitious, but real man-eaters, and that with a lance but two inches long; nay, and although they go arm'd no further than their middle-finger."

Sigma.

Sunderland.

On Quotations (Vol. vi., p. 408.).—There can be no doubt that quotations have frequently been altered, to make them more apt to the quoter's purpose, of which I believe the following to be an instance. We frequently meet with the quotation, "Nullum numen abest, si sit prudentia," with a reference to Juvenal. I have not been able to find the passage in this shape, and presume it is an alteration from the address to Fortune, which occurs twice in his Satires, Sat. x. v. 365, 366., and Sat. xiv. v. 315, 316.:

"Nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia: nos te

Nos facimus, Fortuna, Deam, cœloque locamus."

The alteration is evidently not a mere verbal one, but changes entirely the meaning and allusion of the passage.

J. S. Warden.

Rhymes on Places (Vol. v., pp. 293. 374. 500.).—In addition to the local rhymes given in your pages, I call to mind the following, not inserted in Grose. They are peculiar to the North of England:

"Rothbury for goats' milk,

And the Cheviots for mutton;

Cheswick for its cheese and bread,

And Tynemouth for a glutton."

"Harnham was headless, Bradford breadless,

And Shaftoe pick'd at the craw;

Capheaton was a wee bonny place,

But Wallington bang'd them a'."

The craw, in the second rhyme, alludes to the Crasters, anciently Crancester, an old family in the parish of Hartburn, who succeeded to the estates of the Shaftoe family.

Edward F. Rimbault.

Coins in Foundations (Vol. vi., p. 270.).—I have a manuscript notice of an early example of this custom. It is in a hand of the earlier half of the seventeenth century. The Bostonians knew better, however, than to bury their "great gifts;" and all who travel the Great Northern Railway will be glad to preserve the names of the great givers, who afforded so noble a relief to the tedium of Boston station.

"The buylding of Boston Steeple.

"Md. That in the yeere of o^r Lord God 1309, the steeple of Boston, on the Monday next following Palme Sunday, was digged wt many myners till Mydsomer; and by that time they were deeper than the bottom of the haven by fyve fote, and there they found a ball of sande nigh a fote thick, and that dyd lye uppon a spring of sand neere three fote thick, and that dyd lye uppon a bed of clay, the thicknesse thereof could not be known. And there, uppon Monday nexte after the feast of St. John Baptist, was layd the first stone, and that stone layd Dame Margaret Tylney, and thereuppon layd she vl. sterling. The nexte stone was layd by S^r John Tattersall, prson of Boston, who layd down thereuppon vl. sterling. And Richard Stevenson, merchant of the Staple, layd the third stone, and thereuppon vl. sterling. And these were all the great guifts that at that time were given thereunto. Remaining amongst the records at Lincolne.

Tho. Turner."

H. T. H.

Sheffield.

Fleshed, Meaning of (Vol. vi., p. 578.).—Johnson (edit. 1823) glosses to flesh (from Sidney), to harden in any practice. An old author, in a passage which I have lately read, though I cannot now refer to it, talks of vice being fleshed (i.e. ingrown) in a man.

W. Barnes.

Dorchester.

Robert Wauchope, Archbishop of Armagh, 1543 (Vol. vii., p. 66.).—I know of no detailed account of this prelate, and am unable to furnish any particulars in addition to those stated by A. S. A., except that "he died in a convent of Jesuits at Paris, on the 10th of November, 1551," as stated by Ware, vol. i. p. 94. of his Works, Dublin, 1739. I may also add the following remark, which I find in a note, by M. Le Courayer, to his French translation of Fra-Paolo Sarpi's History of the Council of Trent (London, 1736), tome i. p. 221.:

"La raillerie que fait de lui Fra-Paolo, en le louant de bien courir la poste, et qu'il a tirée de Sleidan, vient apparemment du nombre de voyages qu'il fit en Allemagne, en France, et ailleurs, pour exécuter différentes commissions, dont il fut chargé par les Papes."

Tyro.

Dublin.

Flemish and Dutch Schools of Painting (Vol. vii., p. 65.).—Karelvan Glander, Leven der beroemdste Schilders, Hollandsche en Vlaamsche (Lives of the most celebrated Dutch and Flemish Painters). This work is of the beginning of the seventeenth century. A better work is the Levens der beroemdste Hollandsche en Vlaamsche Schilders, by Immerzeel, published in 1836.

H. v. L.

Furmety or Frumenty (Vol. vi., p. 604.).—Erica asks if furmety can claim descent from the once popular dish plum-porridge, mentioned in the Tatler and Spectator.

Though not a direct answer, the following quotation from Washington Irving's Sketch Book will show that it was in request at the season when plum-pudding abounds, notwithstanding the orthodoxy of its use on Mid-Lent Sunday. In his account of the Christmas festivities at Bracebridge Hall, speaking of the supper on Christmas Eve, he says:

"The table was abundantly spread with substantial fare, but the Squire made his supper of frumenty, a dish made of wheat cakes boiled in milk, with rich spices, being a standing dish in old times for Christmas Eve."

W. H. Cotton.

Etymology of Pearl (Vol. vi., p. 578.; Vol. vii., p. 18.).—Sir Emerson Tennent inquires as to the antiquity of the word pearl in the English language. Pærl occurs in Anglo-Saxon (Bosworth in v.), and corresponding forms are found in the Scandinavian languages, as well as in the Welsh and Irish. The old German form of the word is berille. Richardson in v. quotes an instance of the adjective pearled from Gower, who belongs to the fourteenth century. The use of union for pearl, cited by Sir E. Tennent from Burton, is a learned application of the word, and never was popular in our language.

I may add that Muratori inserts the word perla in the Italian Glossary, in his 33rd Dissertation on Italian Mediæval Antiquities. He believes the origin of the word to be Teutonic, but throws no light on the subject. It appears from Halliwell's Arch. and Prov. Dictionary, that white spots in the eyes were anciently called pearls. M‘Culloch, Commercial Dictionary in v., particularly speaks of the pear-shaped form of the pearl; and, on the whole, the supposition that perula is equivalent to pear-ling, seems the most probable.

Folkestone (Vol. vi., p. 507.).—Various etymologies have been given with a view of arriving at the right one for this town. I have to inform you that the places of that part of Kent where Folkeston, so properly spelt on the seal of the ancient priory, is situated, receive their etymologies from local or geological distinctions. Folkeston forms no exception to the general rule. The soil consists of a most beautiful yellow sand, such as the

Romans distinguished by the word Fulvus. This the Saxons contracted into Fulk, which word has become a family prenomen, as in Fulke-Greville, Fulk-Brooke; in other terms, the yellow Greville or yellow Brook; and Folkeston is nothing more than the yellow town, so called from the nature of the soil on which it is built.

The Curfew Bell (Vol. vi., p. 53.).—

"During the last 700 years, the curfew bell has been regularly tolled in the town of Sandwich: but now it is said it is to be discontinued, in consequence of the corporation funds being at so low an ebb as not to allow of the payment of the paltry sum of some 4l. or 5l. per annum."—Kentish Observer.

Anon.

Confirmation Superstition (Vol. vi., p. 601.).—It is singular, that though the office is called "the laying on of hands," the rubric says, "the bishop shall lay his hand on the head of every one severally." When was the ἐπίθεσις χειρῶν (Heb. vi. 2.) changed into an ἐπίθεσις χειρὸς?

A. A. D.

Degree of B.C.L. (Vol. vii., p. 38.).—On Feb. 25, 1851, a statute was passed at Oxford, by Convocation, which requires that the candidate for the degree of B.C.L. should have passed his examination for the degree of B.A., and attended one course of lectures with the Regius Professor of Civil Law. In the case of particular colleges, twenty terms must have been kept: by members of other colleges, twenty-four terms must have been completed. The examination is upon the four books, or any part of them, of the Institutes of Justinian, or works which serve to illustrate them in the science of civil law, of which six months' notice is previously given by the Regius Professor.

At Cambridge, a B.A. of four years' standing can be admitted LL.B. The candidate must have passed the previous examination; attended the lectures of the professor for three terms; be examined; and after four years' standing, and residence of three terms, keep his act.

Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.

Robert Heron (Vol. vi., p. 389.).—The literary career of this individual in London is selected by D'Israeli as an illustration of his Calamities of Authors. Some farther particulars of him, in an editorial capacity, will be found in Fraser's Magazine, vol. xx. p. 747.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

Shakspeare's "Twelfth Night" (Vol. vii., p. 51.).—If the term "case," as applied to apparel, requires any further elucidation, it may be found in the "Certaine opening and drawing Distiches," prefixed to Coryat's Crudities, 4to., 1611. And the engraved title, which the verses are intended to explain, places before the eye, in a most unmistakeable form, the articles which compose a man's "case."

F. S. Q.

Catcalls (Vol. vi., pp. 460. 559.).—For a long and humorous dissertation upon this instrument, I beg to refer your sceptical correspondent M. M. E. to page 130. of a scarce and amusing little work, entitled A Taste of the Town, or a Guide to all Publick Diversions, &c.; London, printed and sold by the booksellers of London and Westminster, 1731, 12mo. The passages are not unworthy of transcription; but, I fear, would be too long for insertion in your columns.

William Bates.

Birmingham.

"Plurima, pauca, nihil," (Vol. vi., p. 511.; Vol. vii., p. 96.).—The following couplet will be found in Jo. Burch. Menckenii De Charlataneria Eruditorum Declamationes, page 181. of the edit. Amst. 1727. The lines are there given as a specimen of "versus quos Galli vocant rapportez:"

"Vir simplex, fortasse bonus, sed Pastor ineptus,

Vult, tentat, peragit, plurima, pauca, nihil."

N. B.

I have met with the following metrical proverb, which may afford satisfaction to your correspondent, which dates certainly before 1604:

"Modus retinendorum amicorum.

Temporibus nostris quicunque placere laborat,

Det, capiat, quærat, plurima, pauca, nihil."

Also this:

"Plurima des, perpauca petas, nil accipe: si nil

Accipias, et pauca petas, et plurima dones,

Gratus eris populo, te mille sequentur amici.

Si nihilum trades, citò eris privatus amico:

Plurima si quæres, multam patiêre repulsam:

Si multa accipias, populus te dicet avarum.

Nil cape, pauca petas, des plurima, habebis amicos."

W. C. H.

Ben Jonson's adopted Sons (Vol. v., pp. 537. 588.).—I had made some Notes on this subject, but have never seen stated that their number was limited to twelve. I have got ten on my list, but am unable at present to give my authorities; but I can assure your Inquirer, at p. 537., that their names are honestly come by:

"Thomas Randolph, Richard Brome, William Cartwright, Sir Henry Morrison, James Howell, Joseph Rutter, Robert Herrick, Lord Falkland, Sir John Suckling, Shackerly Marmion."

S. Wmson.

Mistletoe (Vol. vi., p. 589.).—Mistletoe grows on one oak in Hackwood Park, near Basingstoke, where it is extremely plentiful on hawthorns.

J. P. O.