REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.

By Hook or by Crook—Pokership—Gib Cat—Emerod.—I regret that very pressing business has hitherto prevented me from supplying an omission in my communication relating to the probable derivation of "By Hook or by Crook;" namely, my authority for saying there was evidence of the usage I referred to in forest customs. I now beg to supply that omission, by referring to the numerous claims for fuel wood made by divers persons at the justice seats held in the reigns of Charles I. and Charles II. for the New Forest, and which will be found at the Tower and Chapter House. Among others of these claims, I would mention that made by the tenant of land in Barnford, No. 112., who claims to have had the privilege, from time immemorial, of going into the king's wood to take the dead branches off the trees therein, "with a cart, a horse, a Hook and a Crook, and a sail cloth." Verily this necessity for a sail cloth seems to point very distinctly to his being obliged to collect his fire-wood "by Hook or by Crook." May I add, that I do not think that any of the notes I have seen hitherto, with reference to this subject, invalidate the supposition of the origin being forestal; all that they appear to me to prove is, that the saying is of long standing.

With reference to the query regarding the word Pokership (No. 12. p. 185.), I would observe, that the word is correctly copied from the grant, and that it was so spelt in all the previous grants that I have been able to refer to. As to the meaning of the word, I am of the opinion that it is intended to express the office of keeping the hogs in the forest, i.e. Porcarius. Pokership was probably spelt in early times Pawkership, from Pawn, I apprehend; subsequently it was either spelt or pronounced Paukership or Pokership. In corroboration of this view, I would mention, that on referring to the Pipe Roll, 6 John, county of Hereford, the following will be found:—"Hubert de Burgo, Et i libæ const. Parcario de heford, xxxs. vd." If, however, Parkership be deemed the more correct reading, still it does not of necessity apply to the custody of a park; it might have denoted the pound-keeper, for, in matters relating to manors, parcus means a pound.

With respect to the query about Gib Cat, you will find the subject treated on largely in the Etymologicon—I may say, exhausted.

By the bye, there can be no doubt that Emerod means Emerald; formerly Emerald would be spelt Emeraud, and the transition is natural to Emerode—Emerod. With regard to the supposed size being an objection to this reading, it will be found that anciently the matrix of the Emerald, which is tinged green, went by the name of the more valuable jewel.

T.R.F.

Spring Gardens, Feb. 1850.

Golden Frog (No. 14. p. 214.).—Sir John Poley's frog may have been a device alluding to his name; I imagine that Poley is an appelative of frogs. I find in Halliwell's Dict. of Archaic Words, "Pollywig," and in Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary, "Powlick," both meaning tadpole, and both diminutive forms; and Rowley Poley is closely (though not very logically) connected with the frog who would a-wooing go. The word has probably the same root as poole, puddle, &c.

R.R.

Madoc.—In addition to what is stated (No. 4. p. 56.) on this subject, may be noted, that in the MS. Add. 14,957. British Museum, fol. 149., is a letter from Dr. David Samwell to the Gwyneddigion Society, dated 23rd March, 1791, in which he states, that the result of an interview, held by himself and William Owen with General Bowles, "places the existence of a race of Welsh Indians beyond all matter of doubt." This race is identified with Padongas on the Missouri, who are said to be of a different complexion from the other Indian races, and to have books, which they were not able to read. Is this information to be depended on or not?

F.M.

MSS. of Sir Roger Twysden (No. 5. p. 76.).—Twysden's MSS. were purchased by Sir Thomas Sebright, in or before the year 1715, and in the Sebright sale at Leigh and Sotheby's, in 1807, appear to be two of the MSS. inquired after by the Rev. L.B. Larking, namely, Lot 1224., "Vita et Epistolæ Sancti Thomæ, Archiepiscopi Cant." (purchased by Heber, and, at his sale in 1836, resold [Lot 323.] to Sir Thomas Phillipps), and Lot 1225., "Epistolæ Beati Anselmi, Archieposcopi Cant.", purchased by Dardis; but what became of it afterwards I know not.

F.M.

Royal Genealogies (No. 6. p. 92.).—The inquirer will find, probably, what he requires, in a work by J.F. Dambergen, entitled, "Sechzig genaealogische auch chronologische und statistische Tabellen, zu Fürstentafel und Fürstenbuch der Europäischen Staatengeschichte," fol. Regensburg, 1831, in which the descents are brought down to a recent period.

F.M.

Astle's MSS. (No. 15. p. 230.).—After the death of Astle, in 1803, his collection of MSS. was purchased, pursuant to his will, for the sum of 500l., by the Marquess of Buckingham, and they remained at Stowe till the spring of last year, when they passed, with the rest of that noble collection, into the hands of the Earl of Ashburnham, for the sum of 8000l.;—a loss to the public much to be regretted.

F.M.

Dr. Hugh Todd's MSS. (No. 16. p. 246.).—The first of the five MSS. mentioned by Mr. Walbran, namely, the Chartulary of Fountains Abbey, is at present in University College, Oxford, and perhaps some of the other MSS. may be there also. A catalogue of the MSS. of this College has been printed, compiled by the Rev. H.O. Coxe, of the Bodleian Library; but I have not been able to consult a copy of it in London.

F.M.

Sir William Ryder (No. 12. p. 186.),—"H.F." is informed that Sir William Ryder, Lord Mayor of London in 1660, lived at Bethnal Green, received the honour of knighthood, 12th March, 1660 or 1661; died 30th August, 1669; and was buried 9th September following at St. Andrew Undershaft, London. He had two sons, one of whom was Thomas Ryder, who was an equerry to King James II., and lord of the manor of Bilsington, in Kent. He performed some service at the coronation of Queen Anne; and his son, Sir Barnham Ryder, was knighted at the coronation of her successor. The other son of Sir William Ryder was William Ryder, gentleman. Sir William Ryder had five daughters:—1. Elizabeth, who married Richard, son of Sir Thomas Midleton, of Chirk Castle in Denbighshire, knight. 2. Priscilla, the wife of Richard Baylie, son of Dr. Baylie, Dean of Sarum. 3. Mary. 4. Anne. 5. Martha.—Harl. MSS. 5801, 5802.

F.E.

Scole Inn.—In answer to the query (No. 16. p. 245.) respecting the Sign and House at Scole Inn, I beg to refer to vol. ii. p. 142., of the History of Norfolk, published by Crouse and Booth of Norwich, in 1781, in 10 vols. 8vo.

I beg to state that I have impressions of two large prints, one of the "House," and the other of the "Sign." They were published in 1740.—"Joshua Kirby," del., "John Fossey," sculpt.

I have also a smaller print of the "Sign" taken from the opposite side—from the larger one—apparently by the same parties, but the names of the drawer and engraver are cut off.

I think the Sign was not take down till after 1795, as I have a recollection of having passed under it when a boy, in going from Norwich to Ipswich.

The sign was large and handsome, and extended across the road.

In Kirby's Print, it is stated to have cost Mr. James Peck, who was a merchant at Norwich, 1057l.

The prints are not very scarce, and may be got at many of the printsellers in London.

J.B.

About twenty years ago I have seen hanging up on the wall of the principal entry of this inn, a print of its original front, comprising the various figure, coats of arms, &c. which adorned it: in this account the founder Peck was called a citizen of Norwich, and the traveller was puzzled by this piece of information. "It is called Scole Inn, because it is at about the same distance from Norwich, Ipswich, and Bury."

M. Prendergast.

7. Serjeant's Inn. Fleet Street, Feb. 19. 1850.

Killigrew Family and Scole Inn Sign (No. 15. p. 231.).—Doubtless there are pedigrees of the Killigrew family in the Visitations of Cornwall, which would answer Mr. Lower's questions. Many notices of them also occur in Gilbert's History of Cornwall, and Wood's Athenæ Oxon., Bliss. ed., and both those works have good indexes.

There is a folded engraving of Scole Inn Sign (No. 16. p. 245.) in Armstrong's History of Norfolk, vol. ii. p. 144., but I never could learn when or why the sign was removed. The couchant stag in the centre was the Cornwallis crest.

Braybrooke.

Audley End.

Pavoise of the Black Prince (No. 12. p. 183).—It is very probably that the Pavoise which "Bolton" mentions as hanging in his time at the tomb of Edward the Black Prince, was no part of the original collection.

"A quilted coat-armour, with half-sleeves tabard fashion," reads oddly as part of this prince's costume; but we know that sometimes "Coming events cast their shadows before."

T.W.

Welsh Ambassador.—The following use of the word "Welsh" in metaphor, may perhaps serve as a clue to, or illustration of, G.'s query (No. 15. p. 230.):

Andrew. "In tough Welsh parsley, which in our vulgar tongue, is Strong hempen altars."—Beaumont and Fletcher, Elder Brother, Act. 1. ad fin.

Petit André

Pleissis-les-Tours, Fevrier, 1850.

Phoenix—by Lactantius.—"Seleucus" is informed, in answer to his query in No. 13. p. 203., that he will find the Latin poem of the Phoenix, in hexameters and pentameters, in that scarce little volume, edited by Pithaeus, and published at Paris in 1590 (see Brunet), Epigrammata et Poematia Vetera, &c. (of which I am happy to say I possess a most beautiful copy), where it is headed "Phoenix, Incerti Auctoris;" and again at the end of the edition of Claudian by P. Burmann Secundus Amsterdam, 1760), with the following title,—Lactantia Elegia, de Phoenice; vulgo Claudiano ad scripta, &c., where also another correspondent, "R.G." (in No. 15. p. 235.), will find much information as to who was the author of the poem.

C.J.C.

Feb. 9. 1850.

Catsup (no. 8. p. 125.).—"Catsup" is to be found thus spelt in Todd's Johnson's Dictionary (London, 1818). He describes it as a kind of Indian pickles imitated by pickled mushrooms; and quotes these two lines of Swift:

"And for our home-bred British cheer,

Botargo, catsup, and cavier."

An eminnet Sanscrit scholar informs me that "kuck-hup" is the Hindostanee word for Turtle; it is to be met in the Vocabulary attached to Gilchrist's East Indian Guide (8vo. London, 1820). May not the name of the sauce take its origin from the use of it in preparing the turtle for the table? In the Cuisinier Royal, par Viart, p. 75., it is mentioned among the "petites sauces," as ket-chop, "ou Soyac;" and the receipt for making it ends with "servez le avec le poisson." (Published at Paris, 1840.)

C.I.R.

The Buckingham Motto (No. 9. p. 138., and No. 16. p. 252.).—On examining the original manuscript the true reading of this motto appears to me to be,

Sovente me sovene,

Harre Bokynghame.

I should translate it, "souvent me souvenez;" an Anglo-French paraphrase of "sis memor mei;" or, "Ne m'oubliez pas." I have great doubt whether the original MS. can be safely assumed to be an autograph.

[Our correspondent "P." writes, "It surprises me your OEdipi should be so wide of the mark in this motto. It is simply, 'Oft remember me.'">[

Devices of the Standards of the Anglo-Saxons (No. 14. p. 216.).—The arms, i.e. the standards of the successive rulers of Britain, may be found in Sir Winston Churchill's curious work, Divi Britannici, which gives (as your correspondent supposes) the White Horse for Kent, the White Dragon for Wessex, and the Raven for the Danes.

Prutenicæ (No. 14. p. 215.).—The work to which your correspondent alludes is, I presume, Prutenicæ Tabulæ Cælestium Motuum, autore Erasmo Reinholdo: Tubingæ, 1562. This work is dedicated to Albert, Duke of Prussia. In the dedication is the following passage:

"Ego has tubulas Prutenicas dici volui, ut sciret posteritas tuâ liberalitate, Princeps Alberte, nos adjutos esse, et tibi gratiam ab iis, quibus profuturæ sunt deberi."

Reinhold therefore called them Prutenie, i.e. Prussian tables, in compliment to the reigning duke. Pruteni is an ancient name of the Prussians. Albert (grandson of Albert the Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg) was in 1511 elected Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who then held Prussia. He continued the war which his order had for some time carried on with his uncle, Sigismund I., King of Poland. But he subsequently embraced the doctrines of Luther, deserted his order, became reconciled to Sigismund, and for his reward East Prussia was now first raised into a duchy as a fief of Poland, and made hereditary in his family. This Albert was the founder of the University of Konigsberg. (See Puffendorff, Frederick the Great, and Robertson.)

Pandoxare (No. 13. p. 202., No. 15. p. 234.).—There is, or till very lately was, an officer of Trinity College, Cambridge, called the Pandoxator. He had the oversight of the college brewhouse, and formerly of the college bakehouse also. See Monk's Life of Bentley, 2nd ed. i. 210. In Dr. Bentley's time the office seems to have been held by a senior fellow. Of late years junior fellows have held the situation.

C.H. Cooper.

Cambridge, Feb. 11. 1850.

Gazetteer of Portugal.—In answer to the inquiry of "Northman" (No. 16. p. 246.), P.C.S.S. has to state, that he believes that the most recent, as it is unquestionably the most copious, work on the topography of Portugal is the Diccionario Geografico de Portugal, published at Lisbon in 1817, in seventeen volumes, 8vo.

P.C.S.S.

Dog Latin (No. 15, p. 230.).—Many things low and vulgar are marked with the prefix "dog"; as dog-rose, dog-trick, dog-hole, as also dog-gerel. When the great mortar was set up in St. James's Park, some one asked "Why the carriage was ornamented with dog's heads?" "To justify the Latin inscription," said Jekyl.

Epigram (No. 15. p. 233.).—Surely not by Kenrick, if written, as it seems, about 1721. Kenrick was not heard of for near thirty years later.

Pallace, Meaning of (No. 15. p. 233.).—Put out of all doubt by the following article in Phillips's World of Words. "Pallacia, in old records, 'Pales or paled fences.'"

Meaning of Pallace (No. 13. p. 202., and No. 15. p. 233.).—Bishop Horsley seems to throw some light on this point by his note on the 9th verse of the 45th Psalm. The learned prelate says

"'Out of the ivory palaces whereby they have made thee glad,'—rather, from 'cabinets of Armenian ivory they have pleasured thee.' From cabinets or wardrobes, in which the perfumes, or the garments were kept."

This meaning of the word, derived from the Hebrew, corroborates the sense given to it in Mr. Halliwell's Dictionary of Archaic, &c. Words, viz, a storehouse.

Alfred Gatty.

Ecclesfield, Feb. 9.

Ælian.—The querist (No. 15. p. 232.) is informed that Ælian's Treatise De Animalium Naturâ has been translated into Latin as well as his other works, by Conrad Gessner, fol. Zurich, 1556; but, it does not appear that an English translation of it has hitherto been published.

A.W.

Brighton.

Why Dr. Dee quitted Manchester.—A correspondent (No. 14. p. 216.) of yours wishes to know the reason why Dr. Dee resigned his wardenship and left Manchester. I would refer him to the interesting "Life of Dee," by Dr. Cooke Taylor, in his Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth, who writes:

"But in his days mathematics were identified with magic, and Dee's learned labours only served to strengthen the imputations cast upon his character by the Fellows of his College in Manchester. He was so annoyed by these reports that he presented a petition to King James, requesting to have his conduct judicially investigated; but the monarch, on the mere report that Dee was a conjuror, refused to show him the slightest favor. Indignant at the injurious treatment he continued to receive, he quitted Manchester with his family in the month of November, 1604: it is uncertain whether he renounced his wardenship at the same time, but he seems to have received no more of its revenues; for, during the remainder of his life, which was passed at Mortlake, he suffered severely from the pressure of poverty."

He died in 1608. Dr. Taylor, I suppose, writes on the authority of Dee's MSS. and Journal, edited by Dr. Isaac Casaubon.

W.M.K.

Viridis Vallis (no. 14. p. 213.).—This is the monastery of Groenendael, situated in the forest of Soignies, near Brussels. In the Bibliothèque des Ducs de Bourgoyne are preserved several manuscript volumes relative to its history. (See Marchal's Catalogue, vol. ii. p. 84.) Sir Thomas Phillipps has also a Chartulary of this monastery among his manuscripts.

F.M.

Recent Novel.—I beg to inform "Adolphus" that the Novel of which he is in search (No. 15. p. 231.) is Le Morne au Diable, by Eugène Sue; the hero of which is the Duke of Monmouth, who is supposed to have escaped to Martinique.

J.S.