Replies to Minor Queries.
"London Labour and the London Poor" (Vol. viii., p. 527.).—I beg to inform Mr. Gantillon that the above work is discontinued. The parts entitled "Those that will work" and "Those that cannot work" have been completed, and form a valuable book; but the discontinuance of the third part is no loss at all, for in commencing upon "Those that will not work," Mr. Mayhew began with a history of prostitution in ancient and modern times, a subject which did not possess the novelty or originality of his other divisions, and consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was forced first to raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue altogether, the publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to treating the London prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would have been completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopædia of London Labour and the London Poor.
Arthur C. Wilson.
Brompton.
Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric (Vol. viii., p. 407.).—Your correspondent Mr. Weld Taylor seems to possess the first rude draught of the following beautiful piece by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin Call," a duet sung by Miss A. Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, Mrs. Aveling Smith and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza Birch, Miss Turner and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover:
"Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet,
Come to the dingles where fairies meet;
Know that the lilies have spread their bells
O'er all the pools in our forest dells;
Come away, under arching bows we'll float,
Making each urn a fairy boat;
We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free,
And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be.
And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low,
It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow;
As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh,
Or water-drops train'd into melody,
And a star from the depth of each pearly cup,
A golden star into heav'n looks up,
As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie,
Set in the blue of the summer sky."
J. Yeowell.
Sir Arthur Aston (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).—Though unable to inform Chartham and A Reader in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier resided during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can state the connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston families: I believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related."
Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary Fitzalan, had Philip (jure matris), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 attainted, and was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This last was father of Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of Greystock Castle, who married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of George Tattersall, of West Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. Wilts.
Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of Worksop) of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of Forfar, in Scotland.
H. C. C.
I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the Gentleman's Magazine in 1833 or 1834.
G. Steinman Steinman.
Grammar in relation to Logic (Vol. viii., p. 514).—Mr. Ingleby evidently has but a superficial view of this doctrine, which is not only Dr. Latham's, but one, I apprehend, pretty well known to every Oxford undergraduate, viz. that, logically, conjunctions connect propositions, not words. By way of proving the falsity of it (which he says is demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham "resolve this sentence: All men are either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged:" and adds, "It cannot be done." I may inform him that the three categorical propositions, "A man is two-legged, or he is
one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected by their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the disjunctive proposition which he instances.
Mr. Ingleby quotes Boole's Mathematical (?) Analysis of Logic in support of his opinion; but, from the following specimen of that work, it does not appear to be much of an authority. The author says:
"The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, cannot be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal is irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to hypotheticals."
Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the proposition in question can be resolved into—An animal is rational or it is irrational. Again, "the former does not belong to pure categoricals," it is simply disjunctive. Mr. Ingleby falls into the same error, and moreover seems not to be aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the same time hypothetical.
Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, strictly, connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect words, may be true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and loose mode of stating the matter.
H. C. K.
——Rectory, Hereford.
Descendants of Milton (Vol. viii., p. 339.).—I have in the course of my life met with or heard of more than once or twice, people of the same names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no way related to each other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your correspondent J. F. M. that about twenty years ago there was living the skipper of a coasting vessel, trading between Bridport and London, named Caleb Clark. He or his family are probably living at Bridport now.
Αλφα.
Pronunciation of Bible Names (Vol. viii., p. 469.).—The clerk of a retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first lesson always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and as the names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, after getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid gentlemen" afterwards.
W. Collyns.
Harlow.
Henry I.'s Tomb (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—I fancy that the much mooted question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the remains of King Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by referring to Tanner's Notitia Monastica, edit. 1744, in the second column of p. 15.: where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King Henry I. had once existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and that, in the time of King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required to repair both the tomb and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was there buried, within the space of one year, as the condition on which the charters were to be confirmed:
"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, modo Abbas infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem R. Henrici Fundatoris, ibidem humati."
I. T. A.
Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed (Vol. viii., p. 292.): Chandler, Bishop of Durham (Vol. viii, p. 331.).—I may perhaps "kill two birds with one stone," by reminding Messrs. Gatty and Newburn that the Bishops of Durham were formerly Princes of the Palatinate. It was probably in that capacity that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and Bishop Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, I believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office.
Wm. Hazel.
Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI. (Vol. viii., p. 469.).—The return of 12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's Worthies, under each county.
G. Steinman Steinman.
I read in Fuller's Worthies, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.:
"A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end of the reign of King Henry VIII."
Does this list exist in any of our record offices?
And has it ever been printed?
Tewars.
Peter Allan (Vol. viii., p. 539.).—Your correspondent E. C. will find much interesting information respecting this person in an account of him reprinted from the Sunderland and Durham County Herald, and published (1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the title of Marsden Rock, or the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine Grotto. He, his wife, eight children, and aged father and mother, are there described as being in a very flourishing condition: and (if I remember rightly) I saw them all, when I last visited the rock in 1850.
Cuthbert Bede, B.A.
Burial in an Erect Posture (Vol. viii., p. 5.).—The following passage, which I quote from Hearne's Collection of Antiquarian Discourses, vol. i. p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable to Cheverells, as showing (on traditional authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in the case of captains in the army:
"For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used to take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet uprighte, and put his launce or pike into his hand; and then his fellowe souldyers did by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and laye aboute him as should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his pike."
I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners and customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of burial. In one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright posture, perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and another, one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a kind of sentry-box.
R. W. Elliott.
Clifton.
The Word "Mob" (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).—Roger North, speaking of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a more visible administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship (Shaftsbury) and the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the immediate tools," says:
"I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called the mob, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of burthen, and called first mobile vulgus, but fell naturally into the contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper English."—Examen, part III. ch. vii. p. 89.
H. Gardiner.
Gen. Sir C. Napier (Vol. viii., p. 490.).—I may state, for the instruction of officers who think study needless in their profession, that, having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier for some time before he had the command in the midland district of England, I constantly found him engaged in inquiries connected with his profession. He was always in training. Not long before this time he had returned from Caen, in Normandy, and he told me that when there he had surveyed the ground on which William the Conqueror had acquired military fame before he made his descent on England, and his conclusion was that that Conqueror was remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of war. He expressed his intention to write on this subject; but great events soon afterwards called him to India, which became the scene of his own mastery in military and civil command.
T. F.
To Come (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—In the Lower Saxon dialect, to come is camen, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, quam. It would therefore seem that the English came is not an innovation, but a partial restoration or preservation of a very ancient form. (See Adelung's Wörterbuch.)
E. C. H.
Passage in Sophocles (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).—The Italics were introduced to draw attention to the new version which was adventured, "N. & Q." being an excellent medium for such suggestions.
Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and the old scholiast having furnished this saying,
"Ὅταν δ' ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ
Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον ᾧ βουλεύεται,"
it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted to suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it appeared that—
ᾧ βουλεύεται = πράσσει δ' ὀλιγοστὸν χρόνον ἐκτὸς ἄτας;
and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he lives for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I submit, from the adoption of Brunck's reading πράσσειν, instead of reading, as I venture to do, with Hermann, θεὸς ἄγει ... πράσσει δ', taking θεὸς as the nominative of both verbs.
Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders ὀλιγοστον "very brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast to the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from πράσσω, to act, through πράγμα, business, and πρᾶξις, practice, and is therefore the most appropriate English word, although the word "does" will furnish Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I shall, however, be most happy to submit to correction by any classical scholar.
T. J. Buckton.
Lichfield.
Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century (Vol. viii., p. 485.).—I must beg of you to contradict the loose statement of Jarltzberg at p. 486. of this Volume, "as to the object of the Church of England in separating from Rome." Now, the Church of England did never separate herself from any Christian Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England is to be found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge the Pope's supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually conformed to the worship of the Church of England for the first twelve years of Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented from doing so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which excommunicated that sovereign.
So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans.
Thomas Collis.
Judges styled Reverend (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. 351.).—Sir Anthony Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet in A Letter to a Convocation Man I find him so styled:
"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's Abridgment, that the Archbishop of Canterbury was prohibited to hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for a law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite him."—L. C. M., p. 38.
I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's Abridgment of Cases, or Speed's History of Great Britain, but I am not able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s convocations allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that Fitzherbert must be a misprint, and that we should read in the above passage "Fitz-Peter," and that the following is the circumstance, in King John's reign, which is referred to by the author of the Letter:
"This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of England."—Collier's Ecclesiastical History, vol. i. folio, p. 410.
I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the passage.
W. Fraser.
Tor-Mohun.
Veneration for the Oak (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—Since my Query upon this matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon Nineveh and Babylon, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green felspar, which he believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and upon which is engraved a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a sacred tree, whose flowers are in this instance in the shape of an acorn. Whence did the Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree bearing acorns? Did they derive this notion, as they did their tin, from Celtic Britain? I believe they did.
G. W.
Stansted, Montfichet.
Rapping no Novelty (Vol. viii., p. 512.).—De Foe, in his veracious History of Mr. Duncan Campbell (2nd ed., p. 107.), quotes a story of sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. Baxter's History of Apparitions, prefacing it thus:
"What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ himself in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a man who got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to call in question."
According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding many pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to think what kind of spirit this is."
R. I. R.