REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES.
Tracts by Dekker and Nash.—The Raven's Almanacke, 1609, is the production of Thomas Dekker, the dramatist, and one of the rarest of his numerous works. A copy sold in the Gordonstown sale for seven guineas; and another occurred in Mr. J.H. Bright's collection (No. 1691.); but I have not the sale catalogue at hand to quote the price. Dekker was also the author of a similar work, entitled The Owle's Almanacke, 1618; but it is not mentioned in the lists furnished by Lowndes and Dr. Nott. The latter is indeed very inaccurate, omitting many well-known productions of the author, and assigning others to him for which he is not answerable. Whilst upon the subject of Dekker, I cannot resist mentioning a fraud upon his memory which has, I believe, escaped the notice of bibliographers. In 1697 was published a small volume, entitled, The Young Gallant's Academy, or Directions how he should behave himself in an Ordinary, in a Playhouse, in a Tavern, &c., with the Character of a Town-Huff, by Samuel Vincent. This is nothing more than a reprint of Dekker's Gull's Horn-book, with some slight alterations to adapt it to the times.
Nash's Terrors of the Night, or a Discourse of Apparitions, was printed by John Danter for William Jones, 1594. It is a very interesting tract, and contains many personal allusions to its unfortunate author. A copy was sold in Heber's sale (Part IV. No. 1592.) for 5l. 18s. A note in the handwriting of that distinguished collector gives us the following information:—
"Only two other copies are known to exist, one in the Ashbridge Library at Cleveland House, the other, not so fine as the present, bought by Malone at Brand's, since James Boswell's, and now (1825) penes me, R.H."
All things considered, I think your correspondent "J.E." (p. 400.) may congratulate himself on having "met with a prize."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Nash's Terrors of the Night.—Excessively rare. Boswell had a copy, and another is in the library of the Earl of Ellesmere, described in Mr. Collier's Bridgewater Catalogue as one of the worst of Nash's tracts.
L.
Tureen (No. 25. p. 407.).—The valuable reference to Knox proves the etymology from the Latin. Terrene, as an adjective, occurs in old English. See quotation in Halliwell, p. 859.
L.
English Translations of Erasmus' Encomium Moriæ (No. 24. p. 385.).—Sir Thomas Challoner's translation of Erasmus' Praise of Folly was first printed, I believe, in 1540. Subsequent impressions are dated 1549, 1569, 1577. In 1566, William Pickering had a license "for pryntinge of a mery and pleasaunt history, donne in tymes paste by Erasmus Roterdamus," which possibly might be an impression of the Praise of Folly. (See Collier's Extracts from the Registers of the Stationers' Company, vol. i. p. 125.). This popular work was again translated in the latter part of the following century, by White Kennet. It was printed at Oxford in 1683, under the title of Wit against Wisdom, or a Panegyric upon Folly. This is in all probability the intermediate translation inquired after by your correspondent.
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
In answer to "JARLZBERG," I beg to inform him of the following translation of Erasmus' Praise of Folly:—
"Moriæ Encomium, or the Praise of Folly, made English from the Latin of Erasmus by W. Kennet, of S. Edm. Hall, Oxon, now Lord Bishop of Peterborough. Adorn'd with 46 copper plates, and the effigies of Erasmus and Sir Thos. More, all neatly engraved from the designs of the celebrated Hans Holbeine. 4th edition. 1724."
Kennett, however, in his preface, dated 1683, alludes to two other translations, and to Sir Thomas Challoner's as the first. He does not mention the name of the second translator, but alludes to him as "the modern translator," and as having lost a good deal of the wit of the book by having "tied himself so strictly to a literal observance of the Latin." This is his excuse for offering to the public a third translation, in which he professes to have allowed himself such "elbow-room of expression as the humoursomeness of the subject and the idiom of the language did invite."
HERMES.
The intermediate translation of the Moriæ Encomium of Erasmus, to which your correspondent refers, is that by John Wilson, 8vo. London 1661, of which there is a copy in the Bodleian.
M.
Oxford.
Court of Wards.—I cannot tell "J.B." (No. 11. p. 173.) anything about Mr. D'Israeli's researches in the Court of Wards; but "J.B." may be glad to know that there is among the MSS. in the British Museum a treatise on the Court of Wards. I remember seeing it, but have not read it. I dare say it might be usefully published, for we know little in detail about the Court of Wards.
C.H.
Scala Coeli (No. 23. p. 366.).—In Foxe's Acts and Mon., vol. v. p. 364., Lond. 1838, your Querist may see a copy of a grant from Pope Clement VII. in 1526, to the brethren of a Boston guild, assuring them that any member thereof who should enter the Lady Chapel in St. Botolph's Church, Boston, once a quarter, and say there "a Paternoster, Ave Maria, and Creed, shall have the full remission due to them that visit the Chapel of Scala Scoeli."
H.W.
Twm Shawn Cattie (No. 24, p. 383.).—The following extract from Cliffe's Book of South Wales, furnishes a reply to this Query.
In describing the beautiful mountain scenery between Llandovery and Tregaron, he says:—
"High in the rock above the fall yawns a hole, hardly a cavern, where once lurked a famous freebooter of Wales, Twm Sion Catti: the entrance to this cave is through a narrow aperture, formed of two immense slate rocks, which face each other, and the space between them is narrower at the bottom than the top, so that the passage can only be entered sideways, with the figure inclined according to the slanting of the rock.
"The history of Twm Sion Catti (pronounced Toom Shone Catti), alias Thomas Jones, Esq., is very romantic. He was a natural son of John ap David Moethe, by Catharine, natural daughter of Meredydd ap Ivan ap Robert, grandfather of Sir John Wynne, of Gwydir (see The Heraldic Visitations of Wales, published by the Welsh MSS. Society), and is said to have died in 1630, at the age of 61. In early life, 'he was a notorious freebooter and highwayman,' and levied black mail on the country within reach of his mountain abode, with the aid of a small band of followers. He soon reformed, married a rich heiress, was then created a justice of peace for Brecon, and ultimately became sheriff of that county and Carmarthenshire. He was, observes Sir S.R. Meyrick, esteemed as an antiquarian and poet, but is more known for the tricks attributed to him as a robber."
A.B.
Twm Sion Catti.—The noted robber, Twm Sion or Shôn Catti, referred to at No. 24. p. 383., was a Welshman who flourished between the years 1590 and 1630. He was the natural son of Sir John Wynne, and obtained his surname of Catti from the appellation of his mother Catherine. In early life he was a brigand of the most audacious character, who plundered and terrified the rich in such a manner that his name was a sufficient warrant for the raising of any sum which he might desire; while his unbounded generosity to the poor or unprotected, joined to an innate love of fun and frolic—for he was a very Eulenspiegel—made him the darling of the people. His chosen dwelling-place was in the almost inaccessible cave situated near Llandovery, at the junction of the Tywi and the Dethia (the Toothy of Drayton), which still bears his name. As time passed on, he wooed and won the heiress of Ystrad-ffin, in the vale of Tywi; and on becoming possessed of her property, abandoned his wild life, and with it the name of Catti; and quietly subsiding into Thomas Jones, Esq., became a poet and antiquary of high reputation. In addition to which, and as if to mark their sense of the value of a man so powerful for good or for evil, the government appointed him high sheriff for the county of Carmarthen. He died universally respected, and left a name which yet kindles many a Welsh heart, or amuses many a cottage circle in the long nights of winter.
His life has been published in an 8vo. volume, which was probably the work to which the "Note" of "MELANION" referred.
SELEUCUS.
Cheshire Round (No. 24. p. 383.).—A dance so called, peculiar to the county from whence it takes its name. The musical notes of the Cheshire Round may be seen in The Dancing Master, 1721, vol. i., and in Edward Jones' Cheshire Melodies. It was sometimes danced "longways for as many us will" (as described in The Dancing Master), but more frequently by one person. A handbill of the time of William the Third states, "In Bartholomew Fair, at the Coach-House on the Pav'd stones at Hosier-Lane-End, you shall see a Black that dances the Cheshire Rounds to the admiration of all spectators." Michael Root and John Sleepe, two clever caterers of "Bartlemy," also advertise "a little boy that dances the Cheshire Round to perfection." There is a portrait of Dogget the celebrated comedian (said to be the only one extant, but query if it is not Penkethman?), representing him dancing the Cheshire Round, with the motto "Ne sutor ultra crepidam."
EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
Horns to a River.—Why the poets give horns to rivers, must be sought for in the poet's book, nature. I like the interpretation given by a glance up some sinuous and shelving valley, where the mighty stream, more than half lost to the eye, is only seen in one or two of its bolder reaches, as it tosses itself here to the right, and there to the left, to find a way for its mountain waters.
The third question about horns I am not able to answer. It would be interesting to know where your correspondent has found it in late Greek.
J.E.
Oxford, April 16. 1850.
Horns.—For answer to the third Query of "L.C." (No. 24. p. 383.), I subscribe the following, from Coleridge:—
"Having quoted the passage from Shakspeare,
"'Take thou no scorn
To wear the horn, the lusty horn;
It was a crest ere thou wert born."
As You Like It, Act iv. sc. 2.
"I question (he says), whether there exists a parallel instance of a phrase, that, like this of 'Horns,' is universal in all languages, and yet for which no one has discovered even a plausible origin."—Literary Remains, vol. i. p. 120. Pickering, 1849.
ROBERT SNOW.
Coal Brandy (No. 22. p. 352.).—This is only a contraction of "coaled brandy," that is, "burnt brandy," and has no reference to the purity of the spirit. It was the "universal pectoral" of the last century; and more than once I have seen it prepared by "good housewives" and "croaking husbands" in the present, pretty much as directed in the following prescription. It is only necessary to remark, that the orthodox method of "coaling," or setting the brandy on fire, was effected by dropping "a live coal" ("gleed") or red-hot cinder into the brandy. This is copied from a leaf of paper, on the other side of which are written, in the hand of John Nourse, the great publisher of scientific books in his day, some errata in the first 8vo. edit. of Simsons's Euclid, and hence may be referred to the year 1762. It was written evidently by some "dropper-in," who found "honest John" suffering from a severe cold, and upon the first piece of paper that came to hand. The writer's caligraphy bespeaks age, and the punctuation and erasures show him to have been a literary man, and a careful though stilted writer. It is not, however, a hand of which I find any other exemplars amongst Nourse's correspondence.
"Take two glasses of the best brandy, put them into a cup which may stand over the fire; have two long wires, and put an ounce of sugar-candy upon the wires, and set the brandy on fire. Let it burn till it is put out by itself, and drink it before you go to bed.
"To make it more pectoral, take some rosemary and put it in the brandy, infused for a whole day, before you burn it."
This is the fundamental element of all the quack medicines for "coughs, colds, catarrhs, and consumption," from Ford's "Balsam of Horehound" to Dr. Solomon's "Balm of Gilead."
T.S.D.
Shooter's Hill, April 4.
Howkey or Horkey (No. 17. p. 263.).—Does the following passage from Sir Thomas Overbury's Witty Descriptions of the Properties of sundry Persons, first published, I believe, in 1614, afford any clue to the etymology of this word? It occurs in the description of a Frankling or Yeoman:—
"He allows of honest pastime, and thinks not the bones of the dead anything bruised or the worse for it, though the country lasses dance in the church-yard after even-song. Rock-Monday, and the wake in summer shrovings, the wakeful catches on Christmas eve, the hoky or seed-cake, these he yearly keeps, yet holds them no relics of Popery."
As I have not the book by me, and am only quoting from an extract, I am unable to give a more precise reference.
E.R.J.H.
Chancery Lane.
It may be possible further the purpose of the noble Querist as to the word Howkey or Horkey, if I state, that when in my boyhood I was accustomed to hear this word, it was pronounced as if spelt Hockey. As Howkey I should not have recognised it, nor hardly as Horkey.
AN EAST ANGLIAN.
Hockey, a game played by boys with a stick bent at the end, is very likely derived from hook, an Anglo-Saxon word too. But we cannot suppose that anything else was derived from that, and especially when we come to words apparently more genuine than that. It seems natural to connect them with a hock-tide, Hoch-zeit (German), and Heoh-tid (A.-S.), a name given to more than one season when it was usual to have games and festivities. Now surely this is nothing else than high tide, a time of some high feast; as we vulgarly say, "high days and holidays." So in the Scripture, "that Sabbath day was a high day." So high Mass. We Protestants have no conception of the close connection between the superior sanctity and the superior jollity of a particular season. Among the heathen Romans, festicus is derived from festus.[3] We say high romps, high jinks.
See Wachter, who applies Hoch-zeit to Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide, and says it may be derived either from high, or from Hogen, "gaudere," which also see. He says that the lower Saxons "hodie utuntur 'Höge'" to mean "gaudium privatum et publicum convivale et nuptiale." See also Hohen. See Lye, who has also heah, freols summa festivitas, summum festum.
Ihre (Lex. Suio Goth.) says Hugna is "to make glad." But in Hog-tid he observes, that gladness is only the secondary meaning of Hogen,—"Hokanat vocabatur a Borealibus festum quod media hieme celebrabatur;" and he shows that hawks were formerly sacrificed at it.
C.B.
Footnote 3:[(return)]
Is not the derivation of "feast" and "fast" originally the same? that which is appointed, connected with "fas," and that from "fari."
Howkey or Horkey (No. 17. p. 263.).—Is not this word simply a corruption of Hockey? Vide under "Hock-cart," in Brand's Antiquities by Ellis, where the following quotation from Poor Robin's Almanack for 1676 occurs:—
"Hoacky is brought home with hallowing,
Boys with plum-cake the cart following."
J.M.B.
Luther's Portrait at Warwick Castle (No. 25. p. 400.).—The Portrait by Holbein, in Warwick Castle, certainly erroneously stated to be that of Luther, was, I believe, engraved as such in Knight's Portrait Gallery, published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. I cannot find in any account of Helbein's works a mention of a portrait of Luther by him.
S.W.
Symbolism of Flowers, etc.—In reference to works illustrative of poetical, mythological, scriptural, and historical associations connected with animals and plants, inquired for in No. 11. p. 173., many a literary man must equally desire an interpreter,—
"T' unbind the charms that in slight fables lie,
And teach that truth is truest poesy."
Yet, in the English language there is, I believe, no work of this description; and I therefore beg leave to suggest, that your learned correspondents may contribute to a very useful compilation by furnishing illustrations, or references to illustrations, critical and poetical, collected from the most valuable authors, ancient and modern; and that this "sacred eloquence,"
"Where'er 'tis found
On Christian or on heathen ground,"
if transplanted into learned pages, would to many readers, afford much pleasure. Meanwhile, I would refer Querist to the useful work of Camerarius on Symbols and Emblems.
"Do thou, bright Phoebus, guide me luckily
To the first plant by some kind augury."
The proverbial expression, "Under the rose," appears opportunely in p. 214, beautifully illustrated[4], but still deserving further consideration. Schedius (De Diis Gemanis) and others have, with much learning, shown Venus Urania to be the same as Isis Myrionyma. With erudition not inferior, but in support of a peculiar theory, Gorop. Bacanus maintains Harpocrates and Cupido, son of Venus Uranis, to be one and the same hieroglyphical character. I shall now endeavour to explain the symbolism and dedication of the Rose. This "flower of flowers" adumbrates the highest faculty of human nature—Reason, and Silence, or the rest of the reasoning powers, which is indicated by the Greek term [Greek: epistaemae], science. (See Harris's Philosoph. Arrang. p. 444., and Hermes, p. 369.). To whom, then, could the hieroglyphical rose have been more appropriately dedicated than Harpocrates, who is described with his finger pointing to his mouth—tacito plenus amore—a proper emblem of that silence with which we ought to behave in religious matters.
T.J.
Footnote 4:[(return)]
Has "ARCHILAEUS" looked for these verses into the Rhodologia of Rosenbergius? I have in vain searched for them under "Rosæ," in the Amphitheatrum sapientiæ of Dornavius.
"Where England's Monarch" (No. 26. p. 415.).—The two lines inquired for are in Bramston's Man of Taste, a poem printed about the middle of the last century. I need hardly add, that the poet was misinformed, it being well known that Charles I., when brought to trial, refused to plead or to take off his hat.
There is an account of Duke of Marlborough's adventure with Barnard in the Gentleman's Magazine, May 1758: but it may be the same as that in the Annual Register.
BRAYBROOKE
April 27.
Journeyman (No. 19. p. 309.).—"GOMER" may like to know that the old labourers in North Essex still speak of a day's ploughing as a "journey at plough."
BRAYBROOKE.
Sydenham or Tidenham.—I have no doubt as to Sydenham, included in the inquiry respecting Cromwell's Estates (No. 24. p. 389.), being Tidenham; for this manor, the property of the Marquis of Worcester, was possessed by Cromwell; and, among my title deeds connected with this parish, I have Court Rolls in Cromwell's name both for Tidenham itself and for Beachley, a mesne manor within it.
These manors, which were inherited from the Herberts by the Somersets, were taken out of the former Marches by the statute 27 Hen. VIII. cap. 26. § 13., and annexed, together with Woolaston, similarly circumstanced, to the country of Gloucester and to the hundred of Westbury; of which hundred, in a legal sense, they still continue a part.
GEO. ORMEROD.
Sedbury Park, Chepstow, April 18. 1850.
J.B.'s Treatise on Nature and Art (No. 25. p. 401.).—The book to which your correspondent "M." refers, is, I believe, "The Mysteries of Nature and Art, in Foure severall Parts: The First of Water Works,—the Second of Fire Works, &c., &c. By John Bate."
I have the second edition, 1635; to which is prefixed a rude engraving of the author:—"Vera effigies Johannis Bate, memoria manet, modo permaneant studium et industria."
HERMES.
"A Frog he would a-wooing go."—In answer to the inquiry of "B.G.J." (in No. 25, p. 401.), as to the origin of "'Heigh ho!' says Rowley," I do not think it is older that thirty of thirty-five years, when Liston sang an altered version of the very old song,—
"A frog, he would a-wooing ride,
With sword and buckler by his side,"
and instead of the usual chorus[5], inserted
"Heigho, says Rowley,"
as burthen. Liston's song was published by Goulding and Co., Soho Square, entitled "The Love-sick Frog," with an original air by C.E.H., Esq. (qy. Charles Edward Horn?), and an accompaniment by Thomas Cook. The first verse is as follows:—
"A frog he would a-wooing go;
'Heigh ho!' says Rowley;
Whether his mother would let him or no,
With a rowly, powly,
Gammon and spinach,
'Heigh!' and Anthony Rowley,"
R.S.S.
April 23. 1850.
Footnote 5:[(return)]
In my interleaved copy of Halliwell's Nursery Rhymes, I have the original song of the "Frog and Mouse" with three different melodies, and nonsense burthens, as sung by my excellent nurse, Betty Richens, whose name I hope to see immortalised in your pages.
"My Love and I for kisses played, &c." (No. 19. p. 302.).—The little jeu d'esprit which "Dr. RIMBAULT" has given from Paget's Common Place Book:—
"My love and I for kisses play'd,"
occurs in the MS. volume from which James Boswell extracted "Shakspeare's Verses on the King," but with a much better reading of the last couplet:—
"Nay then, quoth shee, is this your wrangling vaine?
Give mee my stakes, take your own stakes againe."
They are entitled, "Upon a Lover and his Mistris playing for Kisses," and are there without any name or signature. They remind us of Lilly's very elegant "Cupid and Campaspe."
The ballad, or rather ode, as Drayton himself entitles it:—
"Fair stood the wind for France,"
is to be found in the very rare volume with the following title, Poemes Lyrick and Pastorall, Odes, Eglogs, The Man in the Moon, by Michael Drayton, Esquire. At London, printed by R.B. for N.L. and J. Flaskett. 12mo. (No date, but circa 1600.)
I think the odes are given in the other volumes of the early editions of Drayton's Miscellaneous Poems; but I speak without book, my collection being in the country.
The selection from Herrick, noticed by Mr. Milner Barry, was made by Dr. Nott of Bristol, whose initials, J.N., are on the title page. "The head and front of my offending" is the Preface of Mr. Pickering's neat edition of Herrick in 1846.
S.W.S.
March 12. 1850.
["O.E." informs us that these pretty lines form No. CCXXXIX. of A Collection of Epigrams. London. Printed for J. Walthoe, 1727, and of which a second volume was published in 1737; and "J.B.M." adds, that they are also to be found in the Encyclopædia of Wit, published about half a century since.]
Teneber Wednesday.—In Hall's Chronicle, under the date of 23rd Hen. VIII., is this passage:
"When Ester began to draw nere, the Parliament for that tyme ended, and was proroged till the last day of Marche, in the next yere. In the Parliament aforesayde was an Acte made that whosoeuer dyd poyson any persone, shoulde be boyled in hote water to the death; which Acte was made bicause one Richard Roose, int the Parliament tyme, had poysoned dyuers persons at the Bishop of Rochester's place, which Richard, according to the same Acte, was boyled in Smythfelde the Teneber-Wednysday following, to the terrible example of all other."
I conjecture that Teneber Wednesday is the Wednesday next before Easter, of "Feria quarta majoris Hebdomadao," and that the name is derived form the Gospel for that day according to the ritual of the Church of Rome.
"Erat autem fere hora sexta, et tenèbroe factoe sunt in universam terram usque in horam nonam. Et obscuratus est sol: et velum templi seissum est medium."—Luke, xxiii. 44, 45.
Should this conjecture be ill founded, I shall be glad to see it corrected; at any rate, I shall be obliged if any of your correspondents can supply other instances of the use of the term, or state what are or were the ceremonies peculiar to the day.
C.H. COOPER
Cambridge, April 4. 1850.
P.S. Since the above was written, I have noticed that "Tenable Wednesday" occurs three times in the Ordinance for "weshing of all mannar of Lynnon belonging to my Lordes Chapell" in the Northumberland Household Book (pp. 243, 244.). In each instance it is placed between Lady Day and Easter Even.
[If our correspondent refers to Mr. Hampson's most useful work, Medii ævi Kalendarium, vol. i. p. 370., to the words Tenables, Tenabulles, Tenebræ, he will find them explained "The three nights before Easter;" and the following among other illustrations:—
"Worshipfull frendis, ye shall cum to holi chirch on Wednysday, Thursday, and Friday at even for to here dyvyne service, as commendable custom of holi chirch has ordeyned. And holi chirch useth the iij dayes, Wednysday, Thursday, and Friday, the service to be saide in the eventyde in derkenes. And hit is called with divers men Tenables, but holi chirch Tenebras, as Raccionale Divinorum seth, that is to say, thieness or derkenes, to commemorate the betrayal of our Lord by night."—Harl. MS. 2247. fo. 83.]
The Buckingham Motto.—Permit me to suggest that your correspondents "S." and "P." (No. 18. pp. 283, 284.) are labouring under a mistaken notion in supposing that the line
Sovente me sorene,
belongs to the French idiom, and answers to our phrase "Forget me not." Such a sentiment would be sufficiently appropriate as the parting prayer or injunction of a lover, but does not possess the essential characteristic of a motto, which one selects for the purpose of declaring his own sentiments of conduct towards others, not to deprecate or direct those of others towards himself.
The language employed is, in part, pure Italian, not antiquated, but exactly such as is spoken by persons of education at the present day; and if "S." would again examine the original MS., I make no doubt that he would find the line written Sovente mi sooviene (sovene), i.e. with the personal pronoun in the dative instead of the accusative case. The expression mi souviene is equivalent to mi ricordo, but is a more elegant form that the latter; and the meaning of the motto will be "I seldom forget,"—a pithy and suggestive sentence, implying as much the memory of a wrong to be avenged as of a favour to be required.
A. RICH, JUN.
Larig.—I am obliged by the suggestions of your correspondents "B.W." and "C.I.R." (No. 24. p. 387.), to which I beg leave to offer the following reply. The Dutch and Flemish (or Netherlandish, as they may be considered one language until the fifteenth century) Le'er and Le'ar are simply contractions of Leder, as Tenkate observes, euphonis gratia, by the omission of the d, which takes place in other similar words; and what is remarkable in Ledig, empty, which becomes Le'eg. Le'erig is of course leathery, or tough; but Lederen or Le'ersen, would be used for made of leather, and in A.-S., most probably [A-S: hydig]. We have no such contraction in A.-S.: it is always [A-S: Leðer] and [A-S: Leðern]. The epithet, leathery-shields, could hardly have been used where they are said to resound; and the instance of vaulted shields in Judith is, I think, conclusive. The root of Leder is possibly hlid-an, to cover HIDE? That of Leer possibly lieren, amittere, privari?
I should have noted the instances of the word from Junius and Schilter, which were not unknown to me, but for brevity's sake; and indeed I had not Urry's Chaucer at hand to verify the reference of Junius to the Tale of Beryn, the only valuable portion of Urry's book. I knew that a simple reference to the O.H.G. Lâri would be sufficient for Dr. Grimm.
Thorkelin, in his very incorrect edition of Beowulf, has followed Lye, in rendering Lind haebbende, Vexilla habens; and Haldorsen's explanation of Lind might have taught him better. Mr. Kemble has rendered it shield-bearers, and gives instances in his Glossary of similar combinations, as rond-haebbendra, bord-haebbende, scaro-haebbendra.
S.W. SINGER.
April 15. 1850.
Zenobia a Jewess? (No. 24. p. 383.)—
"To conclude what I have to say of this princess, I shall add here, after M. de Tillemont, that St. Athanasius took her to be a Jewess, meaning, without doubt, in respect of her religion; and that, according to Theodoret, it was to please her that Paul of Samosata, whom she patronised, professed opinions very like those of the Jews concerning the person of Jesus Christ, saying that he was only a mere man, who had nothing in his nature superior to other men, nor was distinguished from them any otherwise than by a more abundant participation of the divine grace."—Crevier, Hist. of Rom. Emperors, Book 27. "Aurelian," vol. ix. p. 174.
M. Crevier refers to "Tillem. Aur. art. 5."
C. FORBES
Temple, April 16.
Temple Stanyan.—The following notices, relating to one Temple Stanyan may interest your correspondent "A.G." (No. 24 p. 382.).
"1725. March 23. Died Mrs. —— Stanyan, wife of Temple Stanyan, Esq., one of the Chief Clerks in the office of Secretary of State."—Historical Register.
"1726. April 28. Temple Stanyan, Esq., one of the Clerks of His Majesty's most Hon. Privy Council, married to Mrs. Pauncefort."—Ibid.
There is a monument in one of the churches at Southampton,—
"To the Memory of Catharine, Relict of Admiral Sir Charles Hardy, and only daughter of Temple Staynian, Esq., of Rawlins in co. Oxon. She died Feb. 19. 1801, aged 75 years. This monument was erected by her only surviving son, Temple Hardy, Captain in His Majesty's Navy."
Edward Pauncefort, Esq., was one of the executors of Sir Charles Hardy's will, proved in Doctors' Commons, 10th June, 1780.
W.H.
Temple Stanyan wrote a History of Greece, 1751, which was common when I was at school, and another book, as Watts says. If the question is biographical, I can say nothing.
C.B.
Temple Stanyan (No. 24. p. 382.).—He also published an Account of Switzerland, 8vo. London, 1714.
M.
"Who was Temple Stanyan?" (no. 24. p. 382.) Temple Stanyan was the son of Abraham Stanyan, Esq., a Member of the Kit Kat Club, M.P. for Buckingham, Ambassador to the Porte, a Lord of the Admiralty, etc. Mr. Temple Stanyan was himself also Minister at Constantinople, and at several other courts; and afterwards Under-Secretary of State under both Addison and the Duke of Newcastle. He published in 1714 an Account of Switzerland; and his Grecian history in 2 vols. was, till the publication of Mitford's, the best in our language. I believe that his daughter married Adm. Sir Charles Hardy. He died in 1752.
C.
Auctorite de Dibil (no. 25. p. 205.).—Probably an error of transcription; read Auctorite de Bibil.
J.M.B.
The Bristol Riots (No. 22. p. 352.).—"J.B.M." is informed, that the volume to which he alludes is generally considered by Bristolians as the most authentic and fullest narrative that was published of those disgraceful scenes.
J.M.G.
Worcester.
Religious Tract by F.H. (No. 25. p. 400.)—The author of the religious tract which has fallen into the hands of "J.C." is no doubt one of the early Quakers, and probably Francis Howgill. Howgill was originally a clergyman of the Church of England, but afterwards became a Baptist, and in the year 1652 joined the early Quakers, upon hearing the preaching of George Fox. His works were published in folio, in 1676, by Ellis Hookes.
Θ.
Complutensian MSS.—"E.M.B." (No. 25. p. 402.) will find full answers to his Queries, and more interesting information on the same subject, in a note in vol iv. p. 235. of Don Pedro Saban's Spanish translation of Prescott's Ferdinand and Isabella. Madrid, 1846.
I am told by an American gentleman, who has seen the MSS. within a month in the library of the University of Madrid, wither they were removed from Alcala in 1837, that the Chaldaic and Hebrew manuscripts are all originals, and on parchment. The only MSS. of Zamora among them are 3 vols. in Latin, translated from the Hebrew.
The Greek MSS., or some of them, are still with the collection as above; and of course were not returned to the Vatican.
H.S.
Morley's Hotel, April 28.
Tablet to Napoleon (No. 17. p. 263., No. 25. p. 406.).—"C.I.R.'s" interpretation can hardly be admitted. The true meaning will be best exhibited by the following form:—
"Napoleoni,
Ægyptiaco,
Bis Italico,
Semper Invicto."
Bis Italico alludes to his twice conquering Italy, viz., in his first campaign, and again in that of Marengo.
C.
Malone's Blunder (No. 25. p. 403.).—"Mr. BOLTON CORNEY," in his answer on this subject, says very justly, that "before we censure a writer, we should consult his own edition." He has, however, not followed this excellent principle in this case, for he has certainly not looked at the Irish edition of Malone, on which the question arises. He has repeated what I had already stated (No. 24. p. 386.), that the mistake was not a blunder of Malone's; and he has also pointed out, what had escaped me, Malone's supplemental note containing the first three articles of the pretended will of John Shakspeare: but when he adds that there is "no fabrication" and "no mystery" in the case, and that "the blunder of the Irish editor was merely in attempting to unite the two fragments as published by Malone," it is quite clear that he has not seen the edition in question, and has, I think, mistaken the whole affair. The Irish editor did not attempt to unite Malone's fragments—quite the contrary—he left Malone's first fragment as he found it; but he took the second fragment, namely, the exordium of the pretended will of John Shakspeare, and substituted it bodily as the exordium of the will of William Shakspeare, suppressing altogether the real exordium of the latter. So that this Irish will begins, "I, John Shakspeare," &c., and ends, "by me, William Shakspeare." I have no doubt that the will of John Shakspeare is a forgery altogether; but the taking three paragraphs of it, and substituting them for the two first paragraphs of William Shakspeare's genuine will, is what I call, and what no doubt "Mr. BOLTON CORNEY" will think, on this explanation of the facts, "an audacious fabrication." The best guess I can make as to how, or with what design, the Irish editor should have perpetrated so complicated, and yet so manifest a blunder, is this:—Malone printed the fragment in question at the end of his volume, amongst his "Emendations and additions," as belonging to "the will before printed," meaning the forged will of John Shakspeare, but that the Irish editor understood him to mean the genuine will of William Shakspeare; and so thought that he was only restoring the latter to its integrity: but how he could have overlooked the difference of names, and the want of continuity in the meaning of the documents, is still to me utterly incomprehensible.
C.
Theses.—Perhaps it may assist your correspondent "M." (No. 25. p. 401.) to be informed that the University of Göttingen is particularly rich in "Theses" (termed Disputationes et Dissertationes), to which there is a large room entirely devoted in the library of that university; together with the transactions of learned bodies. A special librarian is attached to this department, which is much consulted. A Catalogue was begun to be published of this collection, so far as respects the Memoirs contained in the various transactions, in 1801, by J.D. Reuss; and 16 vols. in 4to. had appeared up to 1821; after which, I believe, the publication has been suspended. Of Catalogues of Theses, I think the following work is in good esteem:—Dissert. Acad. Upsal. habitæ sub Præsid. C.P. Thunberg, 3 tom. 8vo. Götting. 1799-1801. The second part of vol. ii. in the Catalogus Bibliothecæ Thottiauæ (7 vol. 8vo. Fauniæ, 1789-1795.) contains a catalogue, which it might be well to consult, of dissertations under the name of the president or head of the institution or college where they were delivered, than under the writer's name. At least, in a collective sense the former method is adopted, as in the following instance: Schultens, (Alb.) Sylloge Dissertationem Philologico-Eregeticarum, adiversis Auctoribus Editarum, sub Præsidio A. Schultens, etc., 2 tom.: although, if the author should happen to be distinguished for his other productions, all that he wrote is anxiously sought out, and placed under his own name.
J.M.
Oxford, April 24.
["M." may also be referred to the Catalogus Dissertationum Academicarum quibusnsuper aucta est Bibliotheca Bodleiana. A quarto volume, printed at the Oxford University Press in 1834.]
MSS. of Locke (No. 25. p. 401.).—"C." is informed that Dr. Thomas Hancock died at Lisburn, in Ireland, during the past year. The papers of Locke respecting which he inquires are probably still in the possession of Dr. H.'s son.
Θ