RESULTS OF EXAMINATION.
Serial No. 552.—Sample of canned pumpkin, received of F.A. Derthick, April 22, 1890, sent by Albert F. Remy & Co., Mansfield, Ohio. Pie made from it supposed to have made a man and woman sick. The attending physician pronounced the case one of lead poisoning.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide with trace of lead | 0.0424 |
| Grains per pound | 2.97 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 3.74 |
| Minimum doses | 51.4 |
| Maximum doses | 6.4 |
Serial No. 563.—Sample of canned pumpkin, received of Edward Bethel, June 27, 1890. Labeled: Choice Pie Pumpkin, packed at Salem, Columbiana County, Ohio, by G.B. McNabb, sent by A.F. Remy & Co., Mansfield, Ohio.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0444 |
| Grains per pound | 3.11 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 3.91 |
| Minimum doses | 56 |
| Maximum doses | 7 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 565.—Sample of canned pumpkin, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Belpre Pumpkin, Golden. George Dana & Sons, Belpre, Ohio.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0054 |
| Grains per pound | 0.38 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.48 |
| Minimum doses | 7.7 |
| Maximum doses | 1.0 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 566.—Sample of canned Hubbard Squash, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Ladd Brand, L. Ladd, Adrian, Michigan.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.026 |
| Grains per pound | 1.85 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 2.33 |
| Minimum doses | 37.00 |
| Maximum doses | 4.7 |
Can badly eroded.
Serial No. 567.—Sample of canned tomatoes, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Extra Fine Tomatoes. Blue Label. Curtice Bros. Co., Rochester, N.Y.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.012 |
| Grains per pound | 0.84 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.06 |
| Minimum doses | 16.00 |
| Maximum doses | 2.00 |
Inner coating eroded.
Serial No. 568.—Sample of canned tomatoes, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Fresh Tomatoes, Curtice Bros. Co., Rochester, N.Y.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.014 |
| Grains per pound | 0.98 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.23 |
| Minimum doses | 19.00 |
| Maximum doses | 2.5 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 569.—Sample of canned peas, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Petites Pois, P. Emillien, Bordeaux.
| Per cent. | |
| Copper oxide | 0.0294 |
| Grains per pound | 2.06 |
| Equivalent to copper sulphate | 3.95 |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0068 |
| Grains per pound | 0.48 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.6 |
| Minimum doses | 9.6 |
| Maximum doses | 1.2 |
No visible erosion.
Serial No. 570.—Sample of canned mushroom, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled Champignons de Choix. Boston fils. Paris.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.02 |
| Grains per pound | 1.40 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.76 |
| Minimum doses | 28.00 |
| Maximum doses | 3.50 |
Inner coating highly discolored.
Serial No. 571.—Sample of canned blackberries, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Lawton Blackberries. Curtice Bros. Co., Rochester, N.Y.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0114 |
| Grains per pound | 0.80 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.01 |
| Minimum doses | 16.00 |
| Maximum doses | 2.00 |
Inner coating eroded.
Serial No. 572.—Sample of canned blueberries, bought of T.B. Vaure, July 11, 1890. Labeled: Blueberries. Eagle Brand, packed by A. & R. Loggie, Black Brook, N.B.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.03 |
| Grains per pound | 2.10 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 2.64 |
| Minimum doses | 42.00 |
| Maximum doses | 5.30 |
Can badly eroded.
Serial No. 574.—Sample of canned salmon, bought of T.B. Vaure. July 11, 1890. Labeled: Best Fresh Columbia River Salmon, Eagle Canning Co., Astoria Clatsop Co., Oregon.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0134 |
| Grains per pound | 0.94 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.18 |
| Minimum doses | 18.90 |
| Maximum doses | 2.30 |
Inner coating eroded.
Serial No. 578.—Sample of canned pears, received of Mr. Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Bartlett Pears. Solan's Brand, packed in Solano Co., California.
| Juice. Per Ct. | Fruit. Per Ct. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0074 | 0.0074 |
| Grains per pound | 0.5180 | 0.5180 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.65 | 0.65 |
| Minimum doses | 10.40 | 10.40 |
| Maximum doses | 1.30 | 1.30 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 579.—Sample of canned peaches, received of Edward Bethel, July 29. 1890. Labeled: Peaches, Wm. Maxwell, Baltimore, U.S.A.
| Juice. Per Ct. | Fruit. Per Ct. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0324 | 0.0414 |
| Grains per pound | 2.2680 | 2.8980 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 2.85 | 3.65 |
| Minimum doses | 45.60 | 58.40 |
| Maximum doses | 5.70 | 7.30 |
Can badly eroded.
Serial No. 580.—Sample of canned blackberries, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Blackberries, Clipper Brand, Wm. Munson & Sons, Baltimore, Md.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.06 |
| Grains per pound | 4.20 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 5.28 |
| Minimum doses | 84.00 |
| Maximum doses | 10.60 |
Can badly eroded.
Serial No. 581.—Sample of canned cherries, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Red Cherries, Cloverdale Brand, G.C. Mournaw & Co., Cloverdale, Va.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0414 |
| Grains per pound | 2.8980 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 3.65 |
| Minimum doses | 58.40 |
| Maximum doses | 7.30 |
Can badly eroded.
Serial No. 582.—Sample of canned pumpkin, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Royal Pumpkin, Urbana Canning Co., Urbana, O.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0184 |
| Grains per pound | 1.2990 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.62 |
| Minimum doses | 25.90 |
| Maximum doses. | 3.20 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 583.—Sample of canned baked sweet potatoes, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Tennessee Baked Sweet Potatoes, Capital Canning Co., Nashville, Tenn.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0132 |
| Grains per pound | 0.92 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.16 |
| Minimum doses | 18.50 |
| Maximum doses | 2.30 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 584.—Sample of canned peas, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Marrowfat Peas, Parson Bros., Aberdeen, Maryland.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0044 |
| Grains per pound | 0.30 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.38 |
| Minimum doses | 6.20 |
| Maximum doses | 0.80 |
Can slightly eroded.
Serial No. 585.—Sample of string beans, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: String Beans. Packed by H.P. Hemingway & Co., Baltimore City, Md.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0154 |
| Grains per pound | 1.08 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.36 |
| Minimum doses | 21.70 |
| Maximum doses | 2.70 |
Can eroded.
Serial No. 586.—Sample of canned salmon, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Puget Sound Fresh Salmon, Puget Sound Salmon Co., W.T.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0044 |
| Grains per pound | 0.30 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.38 |
| Minimum doses | 0.20 |
| Maximum doses | 0.80 |
Can slightly eroded.
Serial No. 587.—Sample of condensed milk, received of Edward Bethel, July 29, 1890. Labeled: Borden's Condensed Milk. The Gail Borden Eagle Brand, New York Condensed Milk Co., 71 Hudson Street, New York.
Tin dioxide none.
No visible erosion.
Serial No. 592.—Sample of canned pineapples, bought of Mr. Brown, Fifth Avenue, August 4, 1890. Labeled: Pineapples, First Quality. Packed by Martin Wagner & Co., Baltimore, Md.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0098 |
| Grains per pound | 0.6860 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 0.8640 |
| Minimum doses | 13.6 |
| Maximum doses | 1.7 |
Can eroded
Serial No. 593.—Sample of canned pineapples, bought of Mr. Brown, Fifth Avenue, August 4, 1890. Labeled: Florida Pineapple, Oval Brand. Extra Quality. A Booth Packing Co., Baltimore, Md.
| Per cent. | |
| Tin dioxide | 0.0158 |
| Grains per pound | 1.11 |
| Equivalent to stannous chloride | 1.40 |
| Minimum doses | 22.40 |
| Maximum doses | 2.80 |
Can eroded.
—Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc.
NEW PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHROMATES.
By J. MASSIGNON and E. VATEL.
The ordinary method of manufacturing the bichromates consists in making an intimate mixture of finely pulverized chrome ore, lime in large excess, potash or soda, or corresponding salts of these two bases. This mixture is placed in a reverberatory furnace, and subjected to a high temperature, while plenty of air is supplied. During the operation the mass is constantly puddled to bring all the particles into contact with the hot air, so that all the sesquioxide of chromium of the ore will be oxidized. After the oxidation is finished, the mass is taken from the furnace and cooled; the bichromate is obtained by lixiviation, treated with sulphuric acid and crystallized. This method of manufacture has several serious objections.
The authors, after research and experiment, have devised a new process, following an idea suggested by Pelouze.
The ore very finely pulverized is mixed with chloride of calcium or lime, or carbonate of calcium, in such proportions that all the base, proceeding from the caustic lime or the carbonate of calcium put in the mixture, shall be in slightly greater quantity than is necessary to transform into chromate of calcium all the sesquioxide of chromium of the ore, when this sesquioxide will be by oxidation changed into the chromic acid state. The chloride of calcium employed in proportion of one equivalent for three of the total calcium is most convenient for the formation of oxychloride of calcium. If the mixture is made with carbonate of lime (pulverized chalk), it will not stiffen in the air; but if lime and carbonate of calcium are employed at the same time, the mass stiffens like cement, and can be moulded into bricks or plates. The best way to operate is to mix first a part of the ore and well pulverized chalk, and slake it with the necessary concentrated chloride of calcium solution; then to make up a lime dough, and mix the two, moulding quickly. The loaves or moulds thus formed are partially dried in the air, then completely dried in a furnace at a moderate temperature, and finally baked, to effect the reduction of the carbonate of calcium into caustic lime. It is only necessary then to expose the loaves to the air at the ordinary temperature, for the oxidation of the sesquioxide of chromium will go on by degrees without any manipulation, by the action of the atmospheric air, the matter thus prepared having a sufficient porosity to allow the air free access to the interior of the mass. Under ordinary conditions the oxidation will be completed in a month. The division of this work—mixing, slaking or thinning, roasting or baking, and subjection to the air—is analogous to the work of a tile or brick works. The advance of the oxidation can be followed by the appearance of the matter, which after baking presents a deep green color, which passes from olive green into yellow, according to the progress of calcium chromate formation. When the oxidation is completed, the mass contains: Chromate of calcium, chloride of calcium, carbonate of lime and caustic lime in excess, sesquioxide of iron and the gangue, part of which is united with the lime. This mass is washed with water by the ordinary method of lixiviation, and there is obtained a concentrated solution containing all the chloride of calcium, and a small quantity only of chromate of calcium, the latter being about 100 times less soluble in water.
This solution can be used in the following ways:
1. It can be concentrated and used in preparing a new charge, the small quantity of calcium chromate present being an assistance, or:
2. It can be used for making chromate of lead (chrome yellow), by precipitating the calcium chromate with a lead salt; this being a very economical process for the manufacture of this color.
The mass after lixiviation, being treated with a solution of sulphate or carbonate of potash or soda, will yield chromate of potash or soda, and by the employment of sulphuric acid, the corresponding bichromates. The solutions are then filtered, to get rid of the insoluble deposits, concentrated, and crystallized.
If, instead of chromate or bichromate of potash or soda, chromic acid is sought, the mass after lixiviation is treated with sulphuric acid, and the chromic acid is obtained directly without any intermediate steps.
This process has the following advantages:
1. The oxidation can be effected at the ordinary temperature, thus saving expense in fuel.
2. The heavy manual labor is avoided.
3. The loss of potash and soda by volatilization and combination with the gangue is entirely avoided.
4. It is not actually necessary to use rich ores; silicious ores can be used.
5. The intimate mixture of the material before treatment being made mechanically, the puddling is avoided, and in consequence a greater proportion of the sesquioxide of chromium in the ores is utilized.
—Bull. Soc. Chem. 5, 371.
A VIOLET COLORING MATTER FROM MORPHINE.
A violet coloring matter is formed, together with other substances, by boiling for 100 hours in a reflux apparatus a mixture of morphine (seven grammes), p-nitrosodimethylaniline hydrochloride (five grammes), and alcohol (500 c.c.). The solution gradually assumes a red brown color, and a quantity of tetramethyldiamidoazobenzene separates in a crystalline state. After filtering from the latter, the alcoholic solution is evaporated to dryness, and the residue boiled with water, a deep purple colored solution being so obtained. This solution, which contains at least two coloring matters, is evaporated almost to dryness, acidulated with hydrochloric acid, and then rendered alkaline with sodium hydrate, the coloring matters being precipitated and the unchanged morphine remaining in solution. The precipitate is collected on a filter, washed with dilute sodium hydrate, dried, and extracted in the cold with amyl alcohol, which dissolves out a violet coloring matter, and leaves in the residue a blue coloring matter or mixture of coloring matters. The violet coloring matter is obtained in a pure state on evaporating the amyl alcohol. Its platinochloride has the formula PtCl4.C25H29N3O4.HCl, and has the characteristic properties of the platinochlorides of the majority of alkaloids. The coloring matter, of which the free base has the formula—
(C6H4N(CH32))—N==(C17H19NO4)
forms an amorphous mass with a bronze-like luster; it is sparingly soluble in water, freely so in alcohol, its alcoholic solution being strongly dichroic; its green colored solution in concentrated sulphuric acid becomes successively blue and violet on dilution with water; it dyes silk, wool, and gun cotton, but is not fast to light.
Morphine violet is the first true coloring matter obtained from the natural alkaloids, the morphine blue of Chastaing and Barillot (Compt. Rend., 105, 1012) not being a coloring matter properly so called.—P. Cazeneuve, Bull. Soc. Chim.
LIQUID BLUE FOR DYEING.
The new liquid blue of M. Dornemann is intended to avoid the formation of clots, etc., which lead to irregularity in shade, if not to the formation of spots on the textile. In addition to accomplishing this end, the process is accelerated by subjecting the blue to a previous treatment.
In this preliminary treatment of the blue, the object is to remove the sulphur which retards the solution of the color.
The liquid is prepared as follows: The pigment, previously dried at 150° C., is crushed and finely ground, and contains about 47 per cent. of coloring matter; to this is added 53 per cent. of water.
To this mixture, or slurry, the inventor adds an indefinite quantity of glucose and glycerine of 43° B., having a specific gravity of 1.425. It is then ready for use.—Le Moniteur de la Teinture.