FOOTNOTES:
[1] The circumstances connected with the introduction of the British troops into Boston will be found related in the "Atlantic Monthly" for June, 1862; and the number for the following August contains a view of the relation of the question of removal to the arbitrary policy contemplated for the Colonies.
[2] Boston, printed in the "Gazette" of February 12, 1770. A letter printed in the "Boston Evening Post," October 9, 1789, from London, received by the last ship, after eulogizing "the noble stand of the colonists," says, "I am charmed with the prudent conduct of the Bostonians in particular, and that you have been able lo preserve so much tranquillity among you, while the spirits of the people must have been so soured and agitated by oppression. You have certainly very wise and prudent men concerned in the conduct of your affairs." A Tory view of Boston in these times, (by "Sagittarius,") is as follows:—"The Town-Meeting at Boston is the hot-bed of sedition. It is there that all their dangerous insurrections are engendered; it is there that the flame of discord and rebellion was first lighted up and disseminated over the Provinces; it is therefore greatly to be wished that Parliament may rescue the loyal inhabitants of that town and Province from the merciless hand of an ignorant mob, led on and inflamed by self-interested and profligate men."
[3] Reliq. Wotton., p. 317, et seq.
[4] Of clay he says, "It is a cursed step-dame to almost all vegetation, as having few or no meatuses for the percolation of alimental showers."
[5] Sir William Temple gives this list of his pears:—Blanquet, Robin, Rousselet, Pepin, Jargonel; and for autumn: Buree, Vertlongue, and Bergamot.
[6] Brougham's Speeches, Vol. II. p. 233.
[7] Vol. IV. p. 443, First Series.
[8] Notes and Queries, Vol. V. p. 17.
[9] Ibid.
[10] Lib. I. v. 104.
[11] Sparks's Works of Franklin, Vol. VIII. p. 538.
[12] Notes and Queries, Vol. V. p. 549, First Series.
[13] Ibid. Vol. V. p. 140. See, also, Ibid. Vol. V. p. 571; Vol. VI. p. 88; Dublin Review for March, 1847, p. 212; Quarterly Review for June, 1850.
[14] Œuvres de Turgot, Tom. IX. p. 140.
[15] Œuvres de Condorcet, par O'Connor, Tom. V. p. 162.
[16] Sparks's Works of Franklin, Vol. VIII. p. 537; Mignet, Notices et Portraits, Tom. II. p. 480.
[17] Cabania, Oeuvres, Tom. V. p. 251.
[18] Lettres de Madame Du Deffant, Tom. III. p. 367.
[19] Ibid. Tom. IV. p. 35.
[20] Lacretelle, Histoire de France, Tom. V. p. 90.
[21] Oeuvres de Condorcet, par O'Connor, Tom. V. pp. 406, 407.
[22] Capefigue, Louis XVI, Tom. II. pp. 12, 13, 42, 49, 50. The rose-water biographer of Diane de Poitiers, Madame de Pompadour, and Madame du Barry would naturally disparage Franklin.
[23] Mignet, Notices at Portraits, Tom. II. p. 427.
[24] La Gazette Secrète, 15 Jan. 1777; Capefigue, Louis XVI., Tom. II. p. 15.
[25] Œuvres de Turgot, Tom. II. p. 66.
[26] Œuvres de Turgot, Tom. VIII. p. 496.
[27] Vol. X. p. 107.
[28] Mémoires de Madame D'Épinay, Tom. III. p. 431.
[29] Galiani, Correspondance, Tom. II. p. 275, Lettre de 25 Juillet, 1778. Nobody saw America with a more prophetic eye than this inspired Pulcinello of Naples. As far back as the eighteenth of May, 1776, several weeks before the Declaration of Independence, he wrote,—"The epoch is come for the total fall of Europe and its transmigration to America. Do not buy your house in the Chaussée d'Antin, but at Philadelphia. The misfortune for me is that there are no abbeys in America." Tom. II. p. 203. See also Grimm, Correspondence, Tom. IX. p. 285 (1776).
[30] The dictionaries of Michaud and Didot concur in the date of her death; but there is reason to suppose that they are both mistaken.
[31] See Quérard, La France Littéraire, article La Rochefoucauld.
[32] Tom. I. p. 168.
[33] Oeuvres de Turgot, Tom. I. p. 416.
[34] Franklin, Works, by Sparks, Vol. V. p. 124.
[35] Oeuvres de Turgot, Tom. I. p. 414; Tom. IX. p. 416; Oeuvres de Condorcet, Tom. V. p. 162.
[36] Cabanis, Oeuvres, Tom. V. p. 261; Mignet, Notices et Portraits, Tom. II. p. 475. See, also, Morellet, Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 290. Cabanis and Morellet both lived for many years under the hospitable roof of Madame Helvétius. It is the former who has preserved the interesting extract from the letter of Franklin. Nobody who has visited the Imperial Library at Paris can forget the very pleasant autograph note of Franklin in French to Madame Helvétius, which is exhibited in the same case with an autograph note of Henry IV. to Gabrielle d'Estrées.
[37] Tom. II. p. 83. See, also, p. 337.
[38] Tom. II. p. 465. See, also, the letter of the Marquis de Chastellux to Professor Madison on the Fine Arts in America, where the generous Frenchman recommends for all our great towns a portrait of Franklin, "with the Latin verse inscribed in France below his portrait." Chastellux, Travels in North America, Vol. II. p. 372.
[39] Chambelland, Vie du Prince de Bourbon-Condé, Tom. I. p. 374.
[40] Capefigue, Louis XVI., Tom. II. pp. 49, 50.
[41] Lacretelle, Histoire de France pendant le 18me Siècle, Tom. V. p. 91. The historian errs in putting this success in 1777, before the date of the Treaty; and he errs also with regard to the Court, if he meant to embrace the King and Queen.
[42] Mémoires sur Marie Antoinette, par Madame Campan, Tom. I. p. 251.
[43] Bulletin de l'Alliance des Arts, 10 Octobre, 1843. See also Goncourt, Histoire de Marie Antoinette, p. 221.
[44] Grimm, Correspondance, Tom. XVI. p. 407.
[45] Louis Blanc, Histoire de la Revolution, Tom. VI. pp. 234, 316.
[46] Cabanis, Oeuvres, Tom. V. p. 251.
[47] Morellet, Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 290.
[48] L'Anit-Lucrèce, traduit de Bougainville, Épitre Dédicatoire, Discours Préliminaire, p. 69.
[49] Lib. I. v. 95.
[50] Lib. I. v. 104. Tonandi is sometimes changed to tonantis, and also tonanti. (See Notes and Queries, Vol. V. p. 140.)
[51] It is understood that there is a metrical version of this poem by the Rev. Dr. Frothingham of Boston, which he does not choose to publish, although, like everything from this refined scholar, it must be marked by taste and accuracy.
[52] Sparks's Works of Franklin, Vol. VIII. p. 538, note.
[53] Ibid. p. 537.
[54] Sparks's Works of Franklin, Vol. VIII. p. 539, note.
[55] Morellet, Mémoires, Tom. I. p. 288. Nothing is more curious with regard to Franklin than these Mémoires, including especially the engraving from an original design by him. In some copies this engraving is wanting. It is, probably, the gayeties here recorded, and, perhaps, the "infatuation" of the court-ladies, that suggested the scandalous charges which Dr. Julius has strangely preserved in his Nordamerikas Sittliche, Zustände, Vol. I. p. 98.
[56] Sparks's Works of Franklin, Vol. VIII. p. 539, note.