FOOTNOTES:
[A] This biography is based on the original journal, letters, and papers of Paul Cuffe. They are preserved in the Public Library of New Bedford, Massachusetts. I am under obligations to the Librarian, George H. Pripp, for many favors in connection with the examination of these manuscripts.
The petitions referred to in Chapter II are with the Cuffe papers. A copy of the one presented to the Probate Court of Massachusetts Bay was furnished by Mr. James J. Tracey, Chief of the Archives Division, State House, Boston. The story of the lawsuit related in this same chapter is based on the original papers to be found in the records of the Bristol County, Taunton, Massachusetts, Probate Court. They were examined for me by my Harvard classmate, Professor Arthur Buffinton of Williams College.
I have previously published two articles bearing on this study. Early Negro Deportation Projects appeared in the Mississippi Valley Historical Review for March, 1916, the Formation of the American Colonization Society in the Journal of Negro History for July, 1917. A third article, Paul Cuffe and his Contributions to the American Colonization Society, in volume six of the Proceedings of the Mississippi Valley Historical Society, was an attempt to bring together a full statement of his life and service. Since the publication of this study I found the original Cuffe Papers and have made use of them in this biography. Another source of great help was the Life of William Allen with Selections from his Correspondence, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1847. A full account of the services in connection with the memorial monument erected by Mr. Horatio P. Howard is contained in the New Bedford Morning Mercury and the New Bedford Standard for June 16, 1917.
[1] Cuffe Manuscripts, New Bedford, Massachusetts, Public Library, from the bill of sale.
[2] Ruth Cuffe to Joseph Congdon, February 12, 1851.
[3] Dartmouth, Massachusetts, Town Book of Records for Entries of Intention of Marriage.
[4] Cuffe Manuscripts, Memorandum of family marriages.
[5] Book of Bristol County Land Records, Vol. 50, 478, 479.
[6] His commercial activities are well told in Memoirs of Paul Cuffe, York, 1812.
[7] See W. J. Allison in Non-Slaveholder, December, 1850.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Peter Williams, Discourse on the Death of Paul Cuffe, delivered before the New York African Institution, October 21, 1817.
[12] Memoirs of Paul Cuffe, 14, 15.
[14] Paul Cuffe to John and Jenny Cuffe, September 8, 1808.
[10] Massachusetts Archives, Vol. 186, 134-136.
[11] The quoted documents relating to the question of taxation are in the Records of the Court of General Sessions, Taunton, Mass. They were examined for the writer by Professor Arthur Buffinton of Williams College.
[13] William Armistead, Memoir of Paul Cuffe (London, 1846), 23.
[17] For an extended account of these movements see H. N. Sherwood, Early Negro Deportation Projects, in Mississippi Valley Historical Review, II, 484 et seq.
[18] The Case of our Fellow Creatures, the Oppressed Africans, respectfully recommended to the serious Consideration of the Legislature of Great Britain, London, 1784.
[19] In the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[20] Life of William Allen with Selections from His Correspondence. (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1847), I, 85, 86.
[21] In Cuffe Manuscripts. Dated January 5, 1811.
[22] The Journal is in the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[23] Life of William Allen, I, 99-105.
[24] The diary is from Paul Cuffe's Journal in the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[25] Life of William Allen, I, 103.
[26] The Seventh Report of the Directors of the African Institution is in the Edinburgh Review, XXI.
[27] Life of William Allen, I, 105.
[28] In the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[29] In the Cuffe Manuscripts. Dated June 12, 1812.
[30] The Cuffe Manuscripts. Dated June 12, 1812.
[31] In Cuffe Manuscripts. Paul Cuffe to William Allen, April 4, 1811.
A summary of his observations came out in print in 1812. It was called "A Brief Account of the Settlement and Present Situation of the Colony of Sierra Leone in Africa,"[32] and was dedicated to "his friend in New York." It contains an account of the topography of the country and states that the population was 2,518.
[32] Published in New York, 1812.
[33] On the Friendly Society see Life of William Allen, I, 105-116; 139, 140. History of Prince Le Boo (Dublin, 1822), 162, 163; Cuffe Manuscripts. Paul Cuffe to Samuel J. Mills, August 6, 1816.
[34] Life of William Allen, I, 133.
[35] Annals of Congress, 13th Congress, 2nd session, I, 861-1863; National Intelligencer for January 11, 1814, printed the memorial at the request of its subscribers.
[36] Annals of Congress, 13th Congress, 2nd session, I, 1195, 1265.
[37] Cuffe Manuscripts.
[38] Second Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 122. The Western Courier (Louisville, Kentucky) for October 26. 1815, reported Captain Cuffe's trip.
[39] A memorandum in Cuffe's handwriting and containing the details concerning each passenger is in the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[40] Cuffe Manuscripts, Paul Cuffe to William Allen, April 1, 1816.
[41] Ibid.
[42] Second Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 121, 122.
[43] Second Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 121.
[44] Cuffe Manuscripts, Paul Cuffe to T. Brine, January 16, 1817.
[45] Memorandum made by Cuffe in Cuffe Manuscripts.
[46] Cuffe Manuscripts, Paul Cuffe to John Kizell, August 14, 1816.
[47] Ibid., Paul Cuffe to James Wise, September 15, 1816.
[48] Quoted in Williams, Discourse on the Death of Paul Cuffe.
[49] Cuffe Manuscripts, Paul Cuffe to Samuel C. Aiken, August 7, 1816.
[50] Cuffe Manuscripts, Paul Cuffe to James Forten, August 14, 1816.
[51] Cuffe Manuscripts, James Forten to Paul Cuffe, January 16, 1817.
[52] Ibid., Paul Cuffe to the Imposter, January 13, 1817.
[53] For an extended account of the activities mentioned in this paragraph see N. H. Sherwood, The Formation of the American Colonization Society, in The Journal of Negro History, July, 1917.
[54] Cuffe Manuscripts, Robert Finley to Paul Cuffe, December 5, 1816.
[55] Cuffe Manuscripts, Samuel J. Mills to Paul Cuffe, March 12, 1817. See also Richard, Life of Samuel J. Mills (Boston, 1906); Spring, Memoir of Mills (Boston and New York, 1829); Brown, Biography of Robert Finley (Philadelphia, 1857).
[56] Brown, Finley, 83.
[57] Cuffe Manuscripts, Samuel J. Mills to Paul Cuffe, March 12, 1817.
[58] Ibid., James Forten to Paul Cuffe, January 25, 1817.
[59] Cuffe Manuscripts, Samuel J. Mills to Paul Cuffe, July 14, 1817.
[60] Second Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 151.
[61] Ibid., 150.
[62] Second Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 152, 153.
[63] See also Brown, Finley, note L.
[64] First Annual Report of the American Colonization Society, 5.
[65] Memorandum in the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[66] Cf. Cuffe Manuscripts, John Cuffe to Freelove Cuffe, September 10, 1817; David Cuffe, Jr., to Freelove Cuffe, July 8, 1817.
[67] Clipping in the Cuffe Manuscripts.
[68] Peter Williams, Discourse on the Death of Paul Cuffe.
[69] Niles Register, XIII, 64.
[70] Cuffe Manuscripts, Clipping from Columbian Sentinel, September 17, 1817.
[71] Ibid., Clipping from The Colonization Herald.
[72] Cuffe Manuscripts, Clipping from New York Spectator, October, 1817.