GEORGE BURROUGH.
1670. George Burrough, or as the name is usually spelt, Burroughs, was, perhaps, a son of Jeremiah Burroughs, an inhabitant of Scituate, Ms., as early as 1647; but we have no certain information of his parentage or the time of his birth. He was admitted a member of the church in Roxbury, April 12, 1674, and his son George was baptized in the church there, Nov. 28, 1675. He became a preacher within a few years after he left College, and, as early as 1675 or 1676, he was the minister at Casco, in Maine, and was there when that town suffered the loss of so many lives by an attack of the Indians. The war which soon followed, drove Mr. Burroughs from Maine, and he returned to Massachusetts. In November, 1680, he was employed to preach at Salem Village, now Salem. He continued there probably until 1683, when, in May, Mr. Lawson was invited to preach to the people. Mr. Burroughs returned to his ministry in Casco the same year. A work entitled "European Settlements in America," in speaking of Mr. Burroughs as a victim of the Salem Witchcraft, says, "that he was a gentleman who had formerly been minister of Salem; but upon some of the religious disputes which divided the country he differed from his flock, and left them." Mather, in his "Wonders of the Invisible World," countenances this idea, saying "he had removed from Salem Village in ill terms some years before." Mr. Willis, in his History of Portland, says, "The first notice of his return to Casco is in June, 1683, when, at the request of the town, he relinquished 150 acres of land, which had been granted to him previous to the war. In their application to him for this purpose, they offered to give him 100 acres 'further off,' for the quantity relinquished, but Burroughs replied, 'as for the land already taken away, we were welcome to it, and, if 20 acres of the 50 above expressed would pleasure us, he freely gave it to us, not desiring any land anywhere else, nor any thing else in consideration thereof.'"
His disinterestedness places the character of Mr. Burroughs in an amiable light, which nothing can be found, during the whole course of his ministry at Casco, to impair. The large quantity of land which he relinquished was situated upon the Neck, which was then daily becoming more valuable, by the location of the town upon it. All this, excepting thirty acres, he freely returned, without accepting the consideration offered by the town.
The unhappy catastrophe which terminated the life and usefulness of Mr. Burroughs, has cast a shade upon many facts relating to him which would be interesting to us to know. We have no means of ascertaining whether he was regularly settled and had gathered a church at Casco or not. There is, however, sufficient authority for asserting, that he preached to the people there a longer period than any Congregational minister prior to Rev. Thomas Smith.
"There has nothing," says Mr. Willis, "survived Mr. Burroughs, either in his living or dying, that casts any reproach upon his character; and, although he died a victim of a fanaticism, as wicked and stupid as any which has been countenanced in civilized society, and which for a time prejudiced his memory, yet his character stands redeemed in a more enlightened age from any blemish."
Mr. Burroughs was driven from Casco by the Indians in 1690, and went to Wells, where he resided when he was accused of the crime of witchcraft. The indictment against him is given in the second volume of Hutchinson. He was examined on May 8, 1692, and committed to prison in Boston until his trial, which took place in August following. He was condemned on testimony, which nothing but the most highly wrought infatuation could for a moment have endured. His great strength and activity, for which he had been remarkable from his youth, were enlisted against him, as having been derived from the Prince of evil. It was in evidence, that he had lifted a barrel of molasses by putting his finger in the bunghole, and carried it round him; that he held a gun more than seven feet long at arm's length with one hand, and performed other surprising feats above the power of humanity. Some evidence was also exhibited against his moral character, in relation to his treatment of his wives and children, but we can attach but very little credit to it considering the great perversion of truth at that time.
He was executed August 19, 1692, on Gallows hill, in Salem. At his execution, he made a most solemn, pertinent, and affecting prayer, which drew the remark from Cotton Mather, who was present, as I was informed by the late Dr. Bentley, "that no man could have made such a prayer unless the devil helped him." He concluded his dying petition with the Lord's prayer, probably to convince some of the spectators of his innocence; for it was the received opinion, that a true witch or wizard could not say the Lord's prayer without blundering.
The age of Mr. Burroughs is represented by Dr. Bentley, in his Hist. of Salem, published in 1 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. vi., to have been about fourscore years; but that writer undoubtedly transferred the age of Giles Cory, who wanted only three years of being fourscore, to Mr. Burroughs. It can by no means be admitted, that Mr. B. was nearly 60 years old when he graduated, which must have been the case if he was 80 years old at the time he was executed.
Mr. Burroughs had been three times married. The names of his first and second wives are not known. His last was daughter of Thomas Ruck, and she survived him. His children were George, baptized 1675, who lived in Ipswich; Jeremiah, who was insane; Rebecca, who married a Tolman of Boston; Hannah, who married a Fox, and lived near Barton's Point in Boston; Elizabeth, who married Peter Thomas of Boston, the ancestor of the late Isaiah Thomas, LL. D., of Worcester. George and Thomas Burroughs of Newburyport, the former a tanner, conveyed to N. Winslow, in 1774, the right of George Burroughs in proprietary land in Falmouth. These were probably descendants of the minister.—Hutchinson, Hist. Mass. ii. 57-59. Felt, Annals of Salem. Neal's Hist. N. E. ii. 130-134, 144. Willis, Hist. Portland in Coll. Maine Hist. Soc. i. 144, 174-176. Upham, Lectures on Witchcraft. Allen, Biog. Dict. art. Burroughs.