The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States of America / 1638-1870

by W. E. B. Du Bois

Footnotes

[1] The Reports of the Secretary of the Navy are found among the documents accompanying the annual messages of the President.

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346

Index

• Abolition of slave-trade by Europe, [145] n.
• Abolition Societies, organization of, [42], [74];
• • petitions of, [79], [80–85].
• Adams, C.F., [151].
• Adams, J.Q., on Right of Search, [139];
  • proposes Treaty of 1824, [140];
  • message, [271–72].
• Adams, Governor of S.C., message on slave-trade, [169], [170], [289–90].
• Advertisements for smuggled slaves, [182] n.
• Africa, English trade to, [10], [12–13;]
  • Dutch trade to, [24–25;]
  • Colonial trade to, [26], [35], [36], [41–42], [47], [75], [76];
  • "Association" and trade to, [47], [52];
  • American trade to, [88], [112], [113], [116], [148], [179], [180], [181–82], [185–87;]
  • reopening of trade to, [168–92].
• African Agency, establishment, [124], [126];
• attempts to abolish, [156];
• history, [158].
• "African Labor Supply Association," [176].
• African Society of London, [113].
• African squadron, establishment of, [123], [124];
  • activity of, [128], [129], [146], [148], [157], [159], [184], [185], [186], [191].
• Aix-la-Chapelle, Peace, [11];
  • Congress, [137] n.
• Alabama, in Commercial Convention, [170];
  • State statutes, [112], [254], [263–64], [287–88.]
• Alston, speeches on Act of 1807, [99] n., [101] n., [102] n.
• Amelia Island, illicit traffic at, [116], [117], [121], [254];
  • capture of, [118], [257].
• Amendments to slave-trade clause in Constitution proposed, [72], [94], [111] n., [183], [248–51], [253], [258], [266], [298], [299].
• American Missionary Society, petition, [182].
• "L'Amistad," case of, [143], [311].
• Anderson, minister to Colombia, [142] n.
• "Antelope" ("Ramirez"), case of, [129] n., [132], [284].
• "Apprentices," African, importation of, [172], [177];
  • Louisiana bill on, [177];
  • Congressional bill on, [183].
• Appropriations to suppress the slave-trade, chronological list of, [125] n.;
  • from 1820 to 1850, [157–58;]
  • from 1850 to 1860, [183];
  • from 1860 to 1870, [190];
  • statutes, [255], [265], [272–76], [277–78], [285], [286–89], [291], [294], [297], [300], [301], [304].
• Argentine Confederation, [144] n.
• Arkansas, [170].
• Arkwright, Richard, [152].
• Ashmun, Jehudi, [158].
• Assiento treaty, [4], [206], [207];
  • influence of, [7], [22], [45].
• "Association," the, reasons leading to, [47], [48];
  • establishment of, [50], [51];
  • results of, [52–53].
• Atherton, J., speech of, [72].
• "Augusta," case of the slaver, [315].
• Aury, Capt., buccaneer, [116].
• Austria, at Congress of Vienna, [155–56;]
  • at Congress of Verona, [139–40;]
  • signs Quintuple Treaty, [147], [281].
• Ayres, Eli, U.S. African agent, [158];
  • report of, [128], [129].
• Babbit, William, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Bacon, Samuel, African agent, [126], [158].
• Badger, Joseph, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Baldwin, Abraham, in Federal Convention, [59], [60], [63], [65];
• • in Congress, [81], [108].
• Baltimore, slave-trade at, [131–32], [165], [166].
• Banks, N.P., [192], [305].
• Barancas, Fort, [120].
• Barbadoes, [12].
• Bard (of Pa.), Congressman, [90].
• Barksdale, Wm. (of Miss.), [175].
• Barnwell, Robert (of S.C.), [70].
• Barry, Robert, slave-trader, [165].
• Bay Island slave-depot, [166].
• Bayard, J.A. (of Del.), Congressman, [87].
• Bedinger, G.M. (of Ky.), [89] n.
• Belgium, [150].
• Belknap, J. (of Mass.), [77].
• Benezet, Anthony, [29].
• Benton, Thomas H., [140], [156], [285].
• Betton (of N.H.), Congressman, [109] n.
• Biblical Codes of Law, [26], [37], [44] n.
• Bidwell (of Mass.), Congressman, [99] n., [100] n., [102] n., [104] n., [108–10], [111], [252].
• Blanco and Caballo, slave-traders, [165].
• Bland, T. (of Va.), Congressman, [81].
• Bolivia, [144] n.
  • legislation of, [76];
  • see also under individual States.
• Border States, interstate slave-trade from, [155];
• Boston, slave-trade at, [37], [85], [166], [184].
• Bozal Negroes, [166].
• Braddock's Expedition, [21].
• Bradley, S.R., Senator, [98], [107], [108].
  • slaves in, [133];
  • proposed conference with, [150];
  • squadron on coasts of, [160].
• Brazil, slave-trade to, [25], [114], [144], [163], [164], [171], [179], [275];
• Brazos Santiago, [180].
• Brown (of Miss.), Congressman, [175].
• Brown, John (of Va.), slave-trader, [52].
• Brown, John (of R.I.), [85–87].
  • issues "Ostend Manifesto," [177;]
  • as president, enforces slave-trade laws, [186];
  • messages, [291], [294–95], [298].
• Buchanan, James A., refuses to co-operate with England, [151];
• Buchanan, Governor of Sierra Leone, [164].
• Bullock, Collector of Revenue, [116].
  • declares vs. slave-trade, [21];
  • in "Association," [48].
• Burgesses, Virginia House of, petitions vs. slave-trade, [21];
• Burke, Aedanus (of S.C.), [78–80].
• Butler, Pierce (of S.C.), Senator, [65].
• Calhoun, J.C., [155] n.
• California, vessels bound to, [162].
• Campbell, John, Congressman, [108].
• Campbell, Commander, U.S.N., [118] n.
• Canning, Stratford, British Minister, [138], [140].
• Canot, Capt., slave-trader, [184].
• Cape de Verde Islands, [185].
• Cartwright, Edmund, [152].
• Cass, Lewis, [147–51], [281].
• Castlereagh, British Cabinet Minister, [135], [136].
• Cato, insurrection of the slave, [18].
• "Centinel," newspaper correspondent, [67].
• Central America, [177].
• Chandalier Islands, [119].
• Chandler, John (of N.H.), [104] n.
• Charles II., of England, [10].
• Charleston, S.C., attitude toward "Association," [49];
  • slave-trade at, [89], [92], [93], [96], [113], [165].
• Chew, Beverly, Collector of Revenue, [116], [118].
• Chili, [150].
• Chittenden, Martin (of Vt.), [109] n.
• Claiborne, Wm., Governor of La., [92].
• Clarkson, William, [53], [134].
• Clay, J.B. (of Ky.), Congressman, [175].
• Clay, Congressman, [102] n.
• Clearance of slavers, [157], [162], [164], [184], [280], [287], [288].
• Clymer, George (of Pa.), [63], [77].
• Coastwise slave-trade, [98], [106–09], [156], [161], [183], [191], [302].
• Cobb, Howell, Sec. of the Treasury, [177].
• Coles (of Va.), Congressman, [81].
• Colombia, U.S. of, [142], [270].
• Colonies, legislation of, see under individual Colonies, and [Appendix A];
  • slave-trade in, [11], [13], [22], [25], [34–36], [46–47], [53–56;]
  • status of slavery in, [13–14], [23], [24], [33–34], [44], [199], [200].
• Colonization Society, [126], [156] n., [158], [196].
• "Comet," case of the slaver, [143], [309].
• Commercial conventions, Southern, [169–73].
• Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, [11].
• Compromises in Constitution, [62–66], [196–98.]
• Compton, Samuel, [152].
• Confederate States of America, [187–90], [299], [300].
• Confederation, the, [56–57], [228].
• Congress of the United States, [77–111], [112], [121–26], [128], [131], [156–58], [174], [190–92], [239], [247–66], [268], [271–75], [278–81], [284–94], [295–97], [298–99], [301–02], [304–05].
• Congress of Verona, [139].
• Congress of Vienna, [135], [137].
  • elections in, [178];
  • Colonial and State legislation, [199], [200], [223], [225], [236], [240].
• Connecticut, restrictions in, [43–44], [57];
• "Constitution," slaver, [120], [121], [307].
  • See also Amendments and Compromises.
• Constitution of the United States, [58–73], [78], [79–83], [94], [102–03], [107], [111] n., [139], [183], [196], [248–51], [253], [258], [266], [298], [299].
• Continental Congress, [49–52].
• Cook, Congressman, [100] n., [103] n., [108].
• Cosby, Governor of N.Y., [27].
  • price of, [153–54;]
  • crop of, [154].
• Cotton, manufacture of, [152], [153];
• Cotton-gin, [153].
• Coxe, Tench, [68].
• Cranston, Governor of R.I., [41].
• Crawford, W.H., Secretary, [119], [175].
• "Creole," case of the slaver, [143], [283–84], [312].
• Crimean war, [154].
• Cruising Conventions, [138], [139], [146], [148–49], [285], [289], [292], [297–98].
  • movement to acquire, [155], [177], [186];
  • illicit traffic to and from, [161], [162], [164], [166], [171].
• Cuba, cruising off, [151], [297];
• Cumberland, Lieut., R.N., [149].
• "Cyane," U.S.S., [129].
• Dana (of Conn.), Congressman, [86].
• Danish slave-trade, [47].
• Darien, Ga., [51], [117].
• Davis, Jefferson, [175].
• De Bow, J.D.B., [172], [176].
• Declaration of Independence, [53–54].
• Delaware, restrictions in, [31], [56], [76];
  • attitude toward slave-trade, [64], [72] n., [74];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [225], [226], [232], [238–39], [244].
• Denmark, abolition of slave-trade, [133], [247].
• Dent (of Md.), Congressman, [87].
• Dickinson, John, in the Federal Convention, [59], [60], [63].
• Dickson (of N.C.), Congressman, [87].
• Disallowance of Colonial acts, [11], [12], [18–19], [21], [27], [29], [32], [42].
• Dobbs, Governor of N.C., [12].
• Dolben, Sir William, M.P., [134].
• Douglas, Stephen A., [181].
• Dowdell (of Ala.), Congressman, [175].
• Drake, Capt., slave-smuggler, [114], [166].
• Driscoll, Capt., slave-trader, [184].
• Duke of York's Laws, [26], [200].
• Dunmore, Lord, [226].
• Dutch. See Holland.
• Dutch West India Company, [25].
• Duty, on African goods, [10];
  • on slaves imported, [10], [11], [12], [16–22], [26–32], [38], [40–42], [59], [62–66], [67], [68], [77–84], [89], [90], [95], [96], [196], [199–206], [208–27], [229], [232], [239], [247], [250].
• Dwight, Theodore, of Conn., [105] n.
• Early, Peter (of Ga.), [99] n., [100], [102], [104–08], [111].
• East Indies, [50].
• Economic revolution, [152–54].
• Edwards (of N.C.), Congressman, [122] n.
• Ellsworth, Oliver (of Conn.), in Federal Convention, [58], [59], [61].
• Elmer, Congressman, [106] n.
• Ely, Congressman, [103] n., [105] n.
• Emancipation of slaves, [31], [39], [42], [44], [68], [70], [76], [79–84], [192], [196], [226–29].
• "Encomium," case of, [143], [309].
• England, slave-trade policy, [9–14], [25], [30], [42], [46–50], [53], [54], [97], [134–51], [153], [191], [206], [207], [208], [252], [254], [256], [259], [265–69], [275], [276], [281], [285], [297], [301], [302], [303], [305].
• • See Disallowance.
• English Colonies. See Colonies.
• "Enterprise," case of, [143], [309].
• Escambia River, [114].
• Fairfax County, Virginia, [49].
• Faneuil Hall, meeting in, [48].
• Federalist, the, on slave-trade, [69].
• Fernandina, port of, [116].
• Filibustering expeditions, [177].
• Findley, Congressman, [103] n.
• Fisk, Congressman, [100] n.
• Florida, [52], [102], [114], [116], [120], [166], [170], [180], [181].
  • See St. Mary's River and Amelia Island.
• Foote, H.S. (of Miss.), [172].
• Forsyth, John, Secretary of State, [144], [146], [156] n., [176].
• Foster (of N.H.), Congressman, [81].
• Fowler, W.C., [112–13].
• Fox, C.J., English Cabinet Minister, [135] n.
• France, Revolution in, [133];
  • Colonial slave-trade of, [46], [92], [133], [254];
  • Convention of, [86], [133];
  • at Congress of Vienna, [135];
  • at Congress of Verona, [139];
  • treaties with England, [143], [150], [275], [276];
  • flag of, in slave-trade, [144];
  • refuses to sign Quintuple Treaty, [147];
  • invited to conference, [150].
• Franklin, Benjamin, [80].
• Friends, protest of, vs. slave-trade, [28–29;]
  • attitude towards slave-trade, [30–31], [33], [43], [68–69], [77], [204];
  • petitions of, vs. slave-trade, [56], [57], [77], [84];
  • reports of, on slave-trade, [167].
• Gaillard, Congressman, [108].
• Gallatin, Albert, [91–92].
• Gallinas, port of, Africa, [128].
• Galveston, Tex., [115].
• Garnett (of Va.), Congressman, [109] n.
• "General Ramirez." See "Antelope."
• Georgia, slavery in, [13], [14];
• • restrictions in, [15], [16], [75], [176–77;]
  • opposition to "Association," [51], [52];
  • demands slave-trade, [16], [55], [60–67;]
  • attitude toward restrictions, [80], [81], [84], [132];
  • smuggling to, [89], [95], [102], [114], [116], [117], [180], [181];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [112], [215], [241], [244], [245], [257], [259], [276–77].
• Germanic Federation, [150].
• Gerry, Elbridge, in the Federal Convention, [59], [60];
  • in Congress, [80], [81].
• Ghent, Treaty of, [136], [254].
• Giddings, J.R., [183] n., [284], [287].
• Giles, W.B. (of Va.), Congressman, [108].
• Gordon, Capt., slave-trader, [190] n.
• Good Hope, Cape of, [151], [160], [191].
• Gorham, N. (of Mass.), in Federal Convention, [58], [65].
• Goulden, W.B., [169].
• Graham, Secretary of the Navy, [185].
• Great Britain. See England.
• Gregory XVI., Pope, [145].
• Grenville-Fox ministry, [134].
• Guadaloupe, [88].
• Guinea. See Africa.
• Guizot, F., French Foreign Minister, [147].
• Habersham, R.W., [130] n.
• Hamilton, Alexander, [58].
• Hanse Towns, [142].
• Harmony and Co., slave-traders, [165].
• Harper (of S.C.), Congressman, [92].
• Hartley, David, [80], [81].
• Hastings, Congressman, [105] n.
• Havana, Cuba, [119], [120], [145], [162], [165].
• Hawkins, Sir John, [9].
• Hayti, [144] n.;
• • influence of the revolution, [74–77], [84–88], [96–97].
  • See San Domingo.
• Heath, General, of Mass., [71].
• Henderick, Garrett, [28].
• Hill (of N.C.), Congressman, [85].
• Holland, participation of, in slave-trade, [24], [25], [47];
  • slaves in Colonies, [133];
  • abolishes slave-trade, [136];
  • treaty with England, [137], [259];
  • West India Company, [25].
• Holland, Congressman, [99] n., [103], [106] n.
• Hopkins, John, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Hopkins, Samuel, [41].
• Horn, Cape, [160], [162].
• Huger (of S.C.), Congressman, [87], [91] n.
• Hunter, Andrew, [169] n.
• Hunter, Governor of N.J., [32].
• Hutchinson, Wm., Governor of Mass., [38].
• Import duties on slaves. See Duty.
• Indians, [29].
• Instructions to Governors, [12], [18–19], [27], [30], [33], [36];
• • to naval officers, [119], [161], [185].
  • See Disallowance.
• Insurrections. See Slaves.
• Iredell, James (of N.C.), [67], [71].
• Ireland, [48].
• Jackson, Andrew, pardons slave-traders, [131] n.
• Jackson, J. (of Ga.), [78], [80], [81].
• Jacksonville, Fla., [181].
• Jamaica, [12].
• Jay, William, [134–35].
• Jefferson, Thomas, drafts Declaration of Independence, [53], [54];
  • as President, messages on slave-trade, [92], [97–98], [251];
  • signs Act of 1807, [110];
  • pardons slave-traders, [131] n.
• Jefferson, Capt, slave-trader, [184].
• Johnson (of Conn.), [50], [63].
• Johnson (of La.), [141].
• Joint-cruising. See Cruising Conventions.
• Kane, Commissioner, [162].
• Keitt, L.M. (of S.C.), Congressman, [175].
• Kelly, Congressman, [108].
• Kenan, Congressman, [108].
• Kendall, Amos, [126] n.
• Kennedy, Secretary of the Navy, [185].
• Kentucky, [108] n., [170] n., [172] n.
• Key West, [185].
• Kilgore, resolutions in Congress, [175], [293].
• King, Rufus, in Federal Convention, [59], [63], [65].
• Knoxville, Tenn., [170].
• La Coste, Capt., slave-trader, [131].
• Lafitte, E., and Co., [177].
• Langdon, John, [59], [60], [63], [65].
• Lawrence (of N.Y.), [80], [81].
• Laws. See Statutes.
• Lee, Arthur, [48] n.
• Lee, R.H., [48] n., [49].
• Legislation. See Statutes.
• Le Roy, L., slave-trader, [131] n.
• Liberia, [124], [158].
• • See African Agency.
• Lincoln, Abraham, [111], [126], [151], [190], [300–01].
• Liverpool, Eng., [53], [145].
• Livingstone (of N.Y.), in Federal Convention, [63].
• Lloyd, Congressman, [102] n., [106] n.
• London, Eng., [135], [137], [137] n., [147], [150], [154] n.
• "Louisa," slaver, [120], [121].
• Louisiana, sale of, [74], [97];
  • slave-trade to, [75], [91–94;]
  • influence on S.C. repeal of 1803, [89];
  • status of slave-trade to, [91–94], [171];
  • State statutes, [177], [291].
• Low, I. (of N.Y.), [50].
• Lowndes, R. (of S.C.), [72], [89] n., [90].
• McCarthy, Governor of Sierra Leone, [115].
• McGregor Raid, the, [116].
• McIntosh, Collector of Revenue, [117] n.
• McKeever, Lieut., U.S.N., [120], [121].
• Macon, N., [100], [102] n., [109].
• Madeira, [185].
• Madison, James, in the Federal Convention, [59], [63], [64];
• • in Congress, [78–81;]
  • as President, [113], [115], [137] n., [254], [255–56].
• Madrid, Treaty of, [257].
• Maine, [166].
• Manchester, Eng., [47].
• Mansfield, Capt., slave-trader, [184].
• "Marino," slaver, [120], [121].
• Martin, Luther (of Md.), in the Federal Convention, [59], [61], [63], [65].
• Maryland, slavery in, [14];
  • restrictions in, [22], [23], [57], [76];
  • attitude toward slave-trade, [65], [74], [83], [94];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [201], [202], [209], [210], [219–20], [221], [223], [226], [229], [243], [251].
• Mason, George, [59], [61], [65–67], [71].
• Mason, J.M., [177].
• Massachusetts, in slave-trade, [34–36;]
  • restrictions in, [37–39], [77];
  • attitude toward slave-trade, [71], [77], [83], [94];
  • Colonial and State legislation, [199], [201], [203], [214], [223], [224], [228], [234], [248], [249], [261].
• Masters, Congressman, [99] n.
• Mathew, Capt., slave-trader, [184].
• Mathew, Governor of the Bahama Islands, [167].
• Matthews (of S.C.), [56].
• Meigs, Congressman, [132] n., [262].
• Memphis, Tenn., [181].
• Mercer, John (of Va.), [139] n., [142], [156] n.
• Messages, Presidential, [97–98], [113], [115], [141], [148], [157], [163], [251], [254], [255–60], [262], [264], [269], [271], [279], [280–81], [285], [291], [292], [294–95], [298], [300–01].
• Mesurado, Cape, [126], [158].
  • conquest of, [155], [161], [177].
• Mexico, treaty with England, [144] n.;
• Mexico, Gulf of, [118], [159], [160], [166] n.
• Mickle, Calvin, [121].
• Middle Colonies, [24], [33], [57], [66].
• Middleton (of S.C.), Congressman, [126].
• Middletown, Conn., [43].
• Mifflin, W. (of Penn.), in Continental Congress, [50].
• Miles (of S.C.), Congressman, [175].
  • illicit trade to, [102];
  • legislation, [112], [254], [263], [283], [284].
• Mississippi, slavery in, [91];
• Missouri, [123].
• Missouri Compromise, [124].
• Mitchell, Gen. D.B., [118].
• Mitchell, S.L. (of N.Y.), Congressman, [89] n.
• Mixed courts for slave-traders, [137], [139], [151], [191].
• Mobile, Ala., illicit trade to, [118], [119], [161], [181].
  • establishment of African Agency, [126], [158];
  • pardons, [131] n.
• Monroe, James, as President, messages on slave-trade, [117], [141], [257], [258], [259–60], [262–63], [265], [269];
• Morbon, Wm., slave-trader, [131] n.
• Morris, Gouverneur, in Federal Convention, [59], [63], [64], [65].
• Morris, Governor of N.J., [33].
• Moseley, Congressman, [106].
• Nansemond County, Va., [49].
• Naples (Two Sicilies), [142].
• Napoleon I., [74], [134], [136], [254].
• Navigation Ordinance, [25].
• Navy, United States, [111], [115], [118–20], [123], [124], [128], [159–61], [163], [184–86], [191], [259], [286], [295], [301];
  • reports of Secretary of, [185], [186], [318–31].
• Neal, Rev. Mr., in Mass. Convention, [71].
• Negroes, character of, [13–14].
  • See Slaves.
• Negro plots, [18], [30], [204].
• Nelson, Hugh (of Va.), [122] n., [123] n.
• Nelson, Attorney-General, [162].
• Netherlands. See Holland.
• New England, slavery in, [14], [34], [44];
  • slave-trade by, [34–36], [43], [57];
  • Colonial statutes, see under individual Colonies.
• New Hampshire, restrictions in, [36], [37];
  • attitude toward slave-trade, [34], [72], [94];
  • State legislation, [250].
• New Jersey, slavery in, [14];
  • restrictions in, [32], [33], [76];
  • attitude toward slavery, [64], [74], [178];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [200], [205], [221], [222], [225], [230], [244].
• New Mexico, [176].
• New Netherland, [24], [199], [200].
• New Orleans, illicit traffic to, [92], [115], [131] n., [161], [166], [171], [179].
• Newport, R.I., [35], [41].
• New York, slavery in, [14];
  • restrictions in, [25–27;]
  • Abolition societies in, [74], [83];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [203–04], [210], [213], [214], [218], [229–30], [234], [239], [245–46].
• New York City, illicit traffic at, [162], [166], [178–81], [190], [191].
• Nichols (of Va.), Congressman, [87].
• Norfolk, Va., [162].
• North Carolina, restrictions in, [19], [57], [76];
  • "Association" in, [48], [55];
  • reception of Constitution, [65], [71];
  • cession of back-lands, [91];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [112], [232], [241], [242], [255].
• Northwest Territory, [91].
• Nourse, Joseph, Registrar of the Treasury, [120] n.
• Nova Scotia, [52].
• Nunez River, Africa, [129].
• Oglethorpe, General James, [15].
• Olin (of Vt.), Congressman, [105] n.
• Ordinance of 1787, [91].
• "Ostend Manifesto," [177].
• Page, John (of Va.), [81].
• Palmerston, Lord, [146].
• Panama Congress, [142] n.
• Pardons granted to slave-traders, [131] n.
• Paris, France, Treaty of, [134], [135], [137] n.
• Parker, R.E. (of Va.), [77–78], [81].
• Parliament, slave-trade in, [10], [134].
• Pastorius, F.D., [28].
• Paterson's propositions, [58].
• Peace negotiations of 1783, [134].
• Pemberton, Thomas, [34].
• Pennsylvania, slavery in, [14];
• • restrictions in, [28–31], [76];
  • attitude towards slave-trade, [56], [67], [70], [80], [83];
  • in Constitutional Convention, [64];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [201–05], [209], [211], [213–14], [220], [221], [222], [223], [227], [235–36].
• Pennsylvania Society for the Abolition of Slavery, [74], [80].
• Perdido River, [119].
• Perry, Commander, U.S.N., [162].
• Perry, Jesse, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Perry, Robert, slave-trader, [131] n.
• "Perry," U.S.S., [162], [165].
• Petitions, of Abolition societies, [56], [79–81], [83], [84];
  • of free Negroes, [85], [86].
• Pettigrew (of S.C.), [176].
• Philadelphia, [162], [166].
• Pinckney, Charles (of S.C.), in Federal Convention, [58–60], [65].
• Pinckney, C.C. (of S.C.), in Federal Convention, [59–63], [64].
• Pindall, Congressman, [122] n., [123] n.
• Piracy, slave-trade made, [124–25], [140], [141], [146], [149], [155] n.
• Pitkin, T. (of Conn.), [99] n., [104] n.
• Pitt, William, [134].
• Plumer, Wm. (of N.H.), [127].
• Pollard, Edward, [176].
• Pongas River, Africa, [129].
• Portugal, treaties with England, [135], [137], [145] n., [150], [256];
  • slaves in colonies, [46], [133];
  • abolition of slave-trade by, [136], [144] n.;
  • use of flag of, [144].
• Presidents. See under individual names.
• Price of slaves, [163].
• Prince George County, Va., [49].
• Privy Council, report to, [134].
• Proffit, U.S. Minister to Brazil, [164].
• Prohibition of slave-trade by Ga., [15], [75];
  • S.C., [17], [89];
  • N.C., [19];
  • Va., [20];
  • Md., [22];
  • N.Y., [26];
  • Vermont, [28];
  • Penn., [28], [29];
  • Del., [31];
  • N.J., [32];
  • N.H., [36];
  • Mass., [37];
  • R.I., [40];
  • Conn., [43];
  • United States, [110];
  • England, [135];
  • Confederate States, [188].
  • See also Appendices.
• Providence, R.I., [42].
• Prussia at European Congresses, [135–36], [139], [147], [281].
• Pryor, R.A. (of Va.), [171].
• Quakers. See Friends.
• Quarantine of slaves, [16].
• Quebec, [52].
• Quincy, Josiah, Congressman, [100] n., [102] n.
• Quintuple Treaty, [145], [147], [281].
• Rabun, Wm., Governor of Ga., [127].
• Ramsey, David (of S.C.), [69].
• Randolph, Edmund, in the Federal Convention, [58], [59], [63].
• Randolph, John, Congressman, [106–07].
• Randolph, Thomas M., Congressman, [108].
• Registration of slaves, [16], [132] n., [258], [260].
• Revenue from slave-trade, [87], [90], [95], [111], [112].
• • See Duty Acts.
• Rhode Island, slave-trade in, [34], [35], [85];
  • restrictions in, [40–43;]
  • "Association" in, [48];
  • reception of Constitution by, [72];
  • abolition societies in, [42], [74], [83];
  • Colonial and State legislation, [200], [203], [213], [214], [222], [223], [224–25], [227–30], [233].
• Rice Crop, [17], [20].
• Right of Search, [137–42], [145] n., [148–51], [156], [183], [185], [191], [256], [295].
• Rio Grande river, [176].
• Rio Janeiro, Brazil, [145], [160], [162].
• Rolfe, John, [25].
• Royal Adventurers, Company of, [10].
• Royal African Company, [10–11].
• Rum, traffic in, [35], [36], [50].
• Rush, Richard, Minister to England, [138].
• Russell, Lord John, [150], [297], [303].
• Russia in European Congresses, [135], [139], [147];
  • signs Quintuple Treaty, [147], [281].
• Rutledge, Edward, in Federal Convention, [58–61], [65].
• Rutledge, John, Congressman, [84–87].
• St. Augustine, [114].
• St. Johns, Island of, [52].
• St. Johns Parish, Ga., [52].
• St. Mary's River, Fla., [113–14], [116], [117].
• "Sanderson," slaver, [35] n.
• Sandiford, [29].
• San Domingo, trade with, stopped, [50], [96];
  • insurrection in, [74], [84], [86], [96];
  • deputies from, [133].
• Sardinia, [142].
• Savannah, Ga., [16], [51], [169].
• Search. See Right of Search.
• Sewall, Wm., slave-trader, [131] n.
• Seward, Wm. H., Secretary, [151], [289], [293].
• Seward (of Ga.), Congressman, [175].
• Sharpe, Granville, [134].
• Sherbro Islands, Africa, [158].
• Sherman, Roger, in the Federal Convention, [59], [60], [62], [65];
  • in Congress, [78].
• Shields, Thomas, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Sierra Leone, [129], [151], [191].
• Sinnickson (of N.J.), Congressman, [81].
• Slave Power, the, [153], [198].
• Slavers:
  • "Alexander," [129] n.;
  • "Amedie," [138] n.;
  • "L'Amistad," [143];
  • "Antelope" ("Ramirez"), [132];
  • "Comet," [143] n.;
  • "Constitution," [120], [121];
  • "Creole," [143];
  • "Daphne," [129] n.;
  • "Dorset," [115];
  • "Eliza," [129] n.;
  • "Emily," [185];
  • "Encomium," [143] n.;
  • "Endymion," [129] n.;
  • "Esperanza," [129] n.;
  • "Eugene," [115], [129] n.;
  • "Fame," [162];
  • "Fortuna," [138] n.;
  • "Illinois," [149];
  • "Le Louis," [138] n.;
  • "Louisa," [120];
  • "Marino," [120];
  • "Martha," [165];
  • "Mary," [131] n.;
  • "Mathilde," [129] n.;
  • "Paz," [115];
  • "La Pensée," [129] n.;
  • "Plattsburg," [128] n., [129] n.;
  • "Prova," [165];
  • "Ramirez" ("Antelope"), [129] n., [130];
  • "Rebecca," [115];
  • "Rosa," [115];
  • "Sanderson," [35] n.;
  • "San Juan Nepomuceno," [138] n.;
  • "Saucy Jack," [115];
  • "Science," [129] n.;
  • "Wanderer," [180], [184], [186];
  • "Wildfire," [190] n.;
  • see also Appendix C.
• Slavery. See Table of Contents.
• Slaves, number imported, [11], [13], [23] n., [27] n., [31] n., [33] n., [36] n., [39] n., [40] n., [43] n., [44] n., [89], [94], [181];
  • insurrections of, [13], [18], [30], [204];
  • punishments of, [13];
  • captured on high seas, [39], [56], [186];
  • illegal traffic in, [88], [95], [112–21], [126–32], [165], [166], [179];
  • abducted, [144].
• Slave-trade, see Table of Contents;
  • internal, [9], [155];
  • coastwise, [98], [106–09], [156], [161], [183], [191], [302].
• Slave-traders, [10], [11], [25], [34], [35], [37], [41], [93], [113], [119], [126–29], [146], [161], [176], [178], [180], [184];
  • prosecution and conviction of, [119], [120], [121], [126], [127], [130], [161], [162], [183], [190], [191];
  • Pardon of, [131];
  • punishment of, [37], [104], [122], [127], [132], [190], [191], [199], [261], [264], [268], [274], [296].
  • For ships, see under Slavers, and Appendix C.
• Slidell, John, [182].
• Sloan (of N.J.), Congressman, [99] n., [100], [105] n., [111], [251], [252].
• Smilie, John (of Pa.), Congressman, [99] n., [105] n., [104] n.
• Smith, Caleb B., [190].
• Smith, J.F., slave-trader, [131] n.
• Smith (of S.C.), Senator, [78–81], [93].
• Smith, Capt., slave-trader, [37].
• Smuggling of slaves, [76], [108], [109], [114], [116], [117], [127], [128], [129], [130], [166], [179–82].
• Sneed (of Tenn.), Congressman, [170].
• Soulé, Pierre, [177].
• South Carolina, slavery in, [13], [14], [17], [18], [93];
  • restrictions in, [16–19], [75];
  • attitude toward slave-trade, [49], [52], [55], [57], [81], [84];
  • in the Federal Convention, [59–67], [70], [72];
  • illicit traffic to, [89];
  • repeal of prohibition, [89], [90], [92], [95];
  • movement to reopen slave-trade, [169], [171], [172] n., [173];
  • Colonial and State statutes, [201], [208–13], [215], [218], [220], [222], [229], [232], [237–38], [241–43], [245–47], [289–91].
• Southeby, Wm., [29].
• Southern Colonies, [15], [23].
  • See under individual Colonies.
• Spaight, in Federal Convention, [65].
• Spain, signs Assiento, [11];
  • colonial slave-trade of, [10];
  • colonial slavery, [133];
  • war with Dutch, [25];
  • abolishes slave-trade, [136], [137], [145] n.;
  • L'Amistad case with, [143];
  • flag of, in slave-trade, [113], [114], [115], [144], [150], [159];
  • treaties, [206], [208], [257].
• Spottswood, Governor of Virginia, [20].
• Spratt, L.W. (of S.C.), [171], [172], [190] n.
• Stanton (of R.I.), Congressman, [89] n., [106].
• States. See under individual States.
• Statutes, Colonial, see under names of individual Colonies;
  • State, [56–57], [75–77];
  • see under names of individual States, and Appendices A and B;
  • United States, Act of 1794, [83], [242];
  • Act of 1800, [85], [245];
  • Act of 1803, [87], [246];
  • Act of 1807, [97], [253];
  • Act of 1818, [121], [258];
  • Act of 1819, [123], [259];
  • Act of 1820, [124], [261];
  • Act of 1860, [187], [297];
  • Act of 1862, [191], [302];
  • see also Appendix B, [247], [248], [254], [264], [272], [273], [276], [277], [285], [286], [289], [291], [294], [300], [303], [304].
• Stephens, Alexander, [175].
• Stevenson, A., Minister to England, [146–47].
• Stone (of Md.), Congressman, [79], [81], [108].
• Stono, S.C., insurrection at, [18].
• Sumner, Charles, [192] n., [305].
• Sweden, [135], [142], [269];
  • Delaware Colony, [31];
  • slaves in Colonies, [133].
• Sylvester (of N.Y.), Congressman, [81].
• Taylor, Zachary, [286].
• Texas, [116], [144] n., [150], [155], [156], [165], [176], [180], [273], [277–78].
• Treaties, [11], [135–37], [141], [142], [145], [147–50], [151], [159], [206], [207], [228], [252], [254], [256], [259], [265], [269], [275], [276], [281], [285], [288], [292], [301–05].
• Trist, N., [160] n., [164], [165] n.
• Tyler, John, [148], [285], [286].
• Underwood, John C., [181].
• United States, [55], [74], [77], [84], [87], [88], [89], [90], [92], [97], [98], [102], [103], [110], [114], [117], [119], [120], [122], [126], [127], [128], [129], [133], [138], [136–51], [153], [156], [157], [158], [162–67], [168], [178], [179], [185], [188], [190], [242], [245–48], [264], [272–76], [277], [285], [286], [289], [291], [294], [297], [300–04].
• • See also Table of Contents.
• Up de Graeff, Derick, [28].
• Up den Graef, Abraham, [28].
• Uruguay, [144] n.
• Utrecht, Treaty of, [207].
• Van Buren, Martin, [79–80].
• Van Rensselaer, Congressman, [108].
• Varnum, J., Congressman, [105] n.
• Venezuela, [144] n.
• Vermont, [28], [57], [94], [226], [228], [232], [249].
• Verona, Congress of, [139].
• Vicksburg, Miss., [172], [181].
• Vienna, Congress of, [135].
• Virginia, first slaves imported, [28], [306];
• • slavery in, [14];
  • restrictions in, [19–22], [76];
  • frame of government of, [21];
  • "Association" in, [48], [52], [57];
  • in the Federal Convention, [61], [62], [64], [71];
  • abolition sentiment in, [74], [78], [83];
  • attitude on reopening the slave-trade, [171], [173] n.;
  • Colonial and State statutes, [201–04], [213–15], [219–20], [222], [226], [227], [240], [249].
• Wallace, L.R., slave-trader, [131] n.
• Waln (of Penn.), Congressman, [85].
• "Wanderer," case of the slaver, [180], [184].
• Washington, Treaty of (1842), [148–50], [170], [172], [182], [185], [285], [286], [288], [292].
• Watt, James, [152] n.
• Webster, Daniel, [147], [281].
• Webster, Noah, [68].
• Wentworth, Governor of N.H., [36].
• West Indies, slave-trade to and from, [10], [13], [17], [25], [35], [37], [41], [42], [46], [48], [50], [55], [114], [117], [141], [151], [275];
• • slavery in, [13], [168], [193];
  • restrictions on importation of slaves from, [26], [75], [76], [87];
  • revolution in, [74–77], [84–88], [96–97;]
  • mixed court in, [151] n., [191].
• Western territory, [81], [261].
• Whitney, Eli, [153].
• Whydah, Africa, [149].
• Wilberforce, Wm., [134].
• Wilde, R.H., [132].
• "Wildfire," slaver, [190] n., [315].
• "William," case of the slaver, [315].
• Williams, D.R. (of N.C.), Congressman, [102] n., [109] n., [111].
• Williamsburg district, S.C., [169].
• Williamson (of S.C.), in Federal Convention, [59], [63], [65].
• Wilmington, N.C., [88].
• Wilson, James, in Federal Convention, [56], [58], [62], [70].
• Wilson (of Mass.), Congressman, [295], [296], [298].
• Winn, African agent, [158].
• Winston, Zenas, slave-trader, [131] n.
• Wirt, William, [118], [126] n., [130].
• Woolman, John, [29].
• Wright (of Va.), [126].
• Yancey, W.L., [171].