British birds

by W. H. Hudson; Frank E. Beddard

INDEX.

• Aberdevine, [127]
• Acanthyllis caudacuta, [179]
• Accentor collaris, [86]
• —— modularis, [84]
• Accipiter nisus, [206]
• Acredula caudata, [92]
• —— rosea, [90]
• Acrocephalus aquaticus, [82]
• —— palustris, [82]
• —— phragmitis, [80]
• —— streperus, [79]
• —— turdoïdes, [82]
• Aëdon galectodes, [79]
• Ægialitis cantiana, [287]
• —— curonica, [288]
• —— hiaticula, [287]
• —— vocifera, [288]
• Alauda arborea, [176]
• —— arvensis, [174]
• —— cristata, [178]
• Alca torda, [345]
• Alcedo ispida, [188]
• Alpine accentor, [86]
• American bittern, [226]
• —— goshawk, [216]
• —— hawk-owl, [199]
• —— stint, [317]
• —— wigeon, [238]
• Ampelis garrulus, [114]
• Anas boscas, [239]
• Anser albifrons, [230]
• —— brachyrhynchus, [229]
• —— cinereus, [227]
• —— segetum, [228]
• Anthus campestris, [113]
• —— obscurus, [112]
• —— pratensis, [108]
• —— richardii, [115]
• —— spipoletta, [113]
• —— trivialis, [110]
• Aquatic warbler, [82]
• Aquila chrysaëtus, [204]
• —— clanga, [216]
• Archibuteo lagopus, [216]
• Arctic tern, [317]
• Ardea alba, [226]
• —— bubulcus, [226]
• —— cinerea, [223]
• —— gazetta, [226]
• —— purpurea, [226]
• —— ralloïdes, [226]
• Ardetta minuta, [226]
• Asio brachyotus, [197]
• —— otus, [196]
• Astur palumbarius, [216]
• Athene noctua, [199]
• Avocet, [316]
• Auk, little, [351]

• Baillon’s crake, [278]
• Barnacle goose, [232]
• Barn-owl, [193]
• Barred warbler, [70]
• —— woodpecker, [183]
• Barrow’s goldeneye, [246]
• Bar-tailed godwit, [316]
• Bartram’s sandpiper, [317]
• Bean-goose, [228]
• Bearded titmouse, [89]
• Bee-eater, [190]
• Belted kingfisher, [189]
• Bernicla brenta, [230]
• —— leucopsis, [232]
• Bernicla ruficollis, [227]
• Bewick’s swan, [234]
• Big plover, [282]
• Bittern, American, [226]
• —— common, [224]
• —— little, [226]
• Black-bellied dipper, [88]
• Black-billed cuckoo, [193]
• Blackbird, [47]
• Blackcap, [67]
• Black crow, [167]
• —— eagle, [204]
• —— grouse, [273]
• —— guillemot, [350]
• Black-headed bunting, [154]
• —— gull, [328]
• Black kite, [216]
• —— redstart, [59]
• —— scoter, [253]
• —— stork, [226]
• —— swift, [179]
• Black-tailed godwit, [316]
• Black tern, [323]
• Black-throated diver, [341]
• —— thrush, [51]
• —— wheatear, [54]
• Black-winged stilt, [316]
• Blue rock, [262]
• Bluethroat, [59]
• Blue titmouse, [97]
• Blue-winged teal, [244]
• Bonaparte’s sandpiper, [317]
• Bonxie, [331]
• Botaurus lentiginosus, [226]
• —— stellaris, [224]
• Brambling, [137]
• Brent goose, [230]
• Broad-billed sandpiper, [317]
• Brown owl, [198]
• Brünnich’s guillemot, [351]
• Bubo ignavus, [199]
• Buff-backed heron, [226]
• Buff-breasted sandpiper, [317]
• Buffel-headed duck, [246]
• Buffon’s skua, [333]
• Bullfinch, [142]
• Bulweria columbina, [339]
• Bulwer’s petrel, [339]
• Bunting, black-headed, [154]
• —— cirl, [150]
• —— corn, [146]
• —— Lapland, [154]
• —— little, [154]
• —— ortolan, [154]
• —— reed, [151]
• —— snow, [152]
• —— yellow, [148]
• Bustard, great, [281]
• —— little, [281]
• —— Macqueen’s, [281]
• Butcher-bird, [114]
• Buteo vulgaris, [202]
• Buzzard, [202]
• —— honey, [217]
• —— moor, [216]

• Caccabis rufa, [265]
• Calcarius lapponica, [154]
• Calendrella brachydactyla, [178]
• Calidris arenaria, [308]
• Capercaillie, [275]
• Capped petrel, [339]
• Caprimulgus ægyptius, [181]
• —— europæus, [179]
• —— ruficollis, [181]
• Carduelis elegans, [126]
• Carpodacus erythrinus, [144]
• Carrion crow, [166]
• Caspian tern, [323]
• Certhia familiaris, [124]
• Ceryle alcyon, [189]
• Chack-bird, [54]
• Chaffinch, [134]
• Charadrius fulvus, [286]
• —— pluvialis, [284]
• Chat, river, [80]
• Chaulelasmus streperus, [241]
• Chelidon urbica, [121]
• Chen albatus, [227]
• Chiffchaff, [74]
• Chit-perle, [322]
• Chough, [157]
• Chrysometris spinus, [127]
• Churn-owl, [181]
• Ciconia alba, [226]
• —— nigra, [226]
• Cinclus aquaticus, [86]
• —— melanogaster, [88]
• Circus æruginosus, [216]
• —— cineraceus, [201]
• —— cyaneus, [199]
• Cirl bunting, [150]
• Clangula albeola, [246]
• —— glaucion, [249]
• —— islandica, [246]
• Clod-hopper, [54]
• Coal-mouse, [95]
• Coal-titmouse, [94]
• Coccothraustes vulgaris, [130]
• Coccystes glandarius, [193]
• Coccyzus americanus, [193]
• —— erythrophthalmus, [193]
• Collared pratincole, [284]
• Columba œnas, [261]
• —— livia, [261]
• —— palumbus, [259]
• Colymbus arcticus, [341]
• —— glacialis, [340]
• —— septentrionalis, [342]
• Common bittern, [224]
• —— curlew, [314]
• —— guillemot, [347]
• —— gull, [326]
• —— sandpiper, [309]
• —— scoter, [253]
• —— sheldrake, [235]
• —— skua, [330]
• —— snipe, [299]
• —— tern, [319]
• Coot, [280]
• Coracius garrula, [190]
• Cormorant, [218]
• —— green, [220]
• Corn-bunting, [146]
• Corncrake, [278]
• Cornish chough, [157]
• Corvus corax, [172]
• —— cornix, [167]
• —— corone, [166]
• —— frugilegus, [168]
• —— monedula, [163]
• Cosmonetta histrionica, [246]
• Cotile riparia, [122]
• Coturnix communis, [269]
• Crake, Baillon’s, [278]
• —— corn, [278]
• —— spotted, [277]
• Crane, [281]
• Cream-coloured courser, [284]
• Creeper, [124]
• Crested lark, [178]
• —— titmouse, [98]
• Crex pratensis, [278]
• Cricket teal, [243]
• Crossbill, [144]
• Crow, black, [167]
• —— carrion, [166]
• —— grey, [167]
• —— hooded, [167]
• —— Royston, [167]
• Cuckoo, [190]
• —— black billed, [193]
• —— great spotted, [193]
• —— yellow-billed, [193]
• Cuculus canorus, [190]
• Curlew, common, [314]
• —— Esquimaux, [317]
• —— stone, [282]
• Curlew-sandpiper, [303]
• Cursorius gallicus, [284]
• Cushat, [258]
• Cyanecula suecica, [59]
• —— wolfi, [59]
• Cygnus bewickii, [234]
• —— immutabilis, [233]
• —— musicus, [234]
• —— olor, [233]
• Cypselus apus, [178]
• —— melba, [179]

• Dabchick, [344]
• Dafila acuta, [238]
• Dartford warbler, [70]
• Daulias luscinia, [62]
• Dendrocopus major, [181]
• —— minor, [183]
• Desert wheatear, [54]
• Develing, [179]
• Dipper, [86]
• —— black-bellied, [88]
• Diver, black-throated, [341]
• —— great northern, [340]
• —— red-throated, [342]
• Dotterel, [289]
• Dove, ring, [258]
• —— rock, [261]
• —— stock, [261]
• —— turtle, [262]
• Double snipe, [298]
• Duck, buffel-headed, [216]
• —— eider, [251]
• —— harlequin, [246]
• —— long-tailed, [250]
• —— tufted, [246]
• —— white-eyed, [346]
• —— wild, [239]
• Dunlin, [300]
• Dunnock, [85]
• Dusky shearwater, [337]

• Eagle, black, [204]
• —— golden, [204]
• —— spotted, [216]
• —— white-tailed, [205]
• Eagle-owl, [199]
• Eared grebe, [345]
• Eastern plover, [286]
• Ectopistes migratorius, [264]
• Egyptian nightjar, [181]
• —— vulture, [216]
• Eider duck, [251]
• Elanoides furcatus, [217]
• Emberiza cirlus, [150]
• —— citrinella, [148]
• —— hortulana, [154]
• —— melanocephala, [154]
• —— miliaria, [146]
• —— pusilla, [154]
• —— rustica, [154]
• —— schœniclus, [151]
• Endromias morinellus, [289]
• Esquimaux curlew, [317]
• Erithacus rubecula, [59]
• Erne, [205]
• European hawk-owl, [199]

• Falco æsalon, [211]
• —— peregrinus, [208]
• —— subbuteo, [210]
• Falcon, Greenland, [217]
• —— Iceland, [217]
• —— peregrine, [208]
• —— red-crested, [217]
• —— red-footed, [217]
• Fallowchat, [54]
• Fieldfare, [46]
• Finch, mountain, [137]
• Firecrest, [74]
• Firetail, [58]
• Flycatcher, pied, [118]
• —— spotted, [116]
• Fork-tailed petrel, [335]
• Fratercula arctica, [351]
• French partridge, [265]
• Fringilla cœlebs, [134]
• —— montifringilla, [137]
• Fulica atra, [280]
• Fuligula cristata, [246]
• —— ferina, [248]
• —— marila, [247]
• —— rufina, [246]
• Fulmar, [337]
• Fulmarus glacialis, [337]
• Furze-wren, [70]

• Gadwell, [241]
• Gallinago cælestis, [299]
• —— major, [298]
• Gallinula chloropus, [279]
• Gannet, [221]
• Garden warbler, [69]
• Garganey, [243]
• Garrulus glandarius, [158]
• Gecinus viridis, [184]
• Glareola pratincola, [284]
• Glaucous gull, [329]
• Glead, [207]
• Glossy ibis, [226]
• Goatsucker, [179]
• Goldcrest, [72]
• Golden-crested wren, [72]
• Golden eagle, [204]
• Goldeneye, [249]
• Golden oriole, [114]
• Golden plover, [284]
• Goldfinch, [126]
• Goosander, [255]
• Goose, barnacle, [232]
• —— bean, [228]
• —— brent, [230]
• —— grey lag, [227]
• —— pink-footed, [229]
• —— solan, [221]
• —— white-fronted, [230]
• Goshawk, [216]
• Grasshopper warbler, [82]
• Great black-backed gull, [327]
• —— black-headed gull, [330]
• —— bustard, [281]
• —— crested grebe, [342]
• —— grey shrike, [116]
• —— northern diver, [340]
• —— reed-warbler, [82]
• —— skua, [330]
• —— snipe, [298]
• —— spotted cuckoo, [193]
• —— spotted woodpecker, [181]
• —— titmouse, [92]
• —— white heron, [226]
• Greater shearwater, [337]
• —— whitethroat, [65]
• Grebe, eared, [345]
• —— great crested, [342]
• —— little, [344]
• —— red-necked, [345]
• Green cormorant, [220]
• Greenfinch, [128]
• Greenland falcon, [217]
• —— redpole, [140]
• Green plover, [290]
• —— sandpiper, [310]
• Greenshank, [312]
• Green-winged teal, [244]
• Green woodpecker, [184]
• Grey-backed crow, [167]
• Grey crow, [167]
• —— lag-goose, [227]
• —— phalarope, [295]
• —— plover, [286]
• —— wagtail, [105]
• Griffon vulture, [215]
• Grouse, black, [273]
• —— red, [272]
• Grus communis, [281]
• Guillemot, black, [350]
• —— Brünnick’s, [351]
• —— common, [347]
• Gull-billed tern, [323]
• Gull, black-headed, [330]
• —— common, [326]
• —— glaucous, [329]
• —— great black-backed, [327]
• —— great black-headed, [330]
• —— herring, [324]
• —— Iceland, [217]
• —— ivory, [329]
• —— laughing, [329]
• —— lesser black-backed, [325]
• —— Sabine’s, [330]
• Gyps fulvus, [216]
• Gyrfalcon, [217]

• Hæmatopus ostralegus, [293]
• Half-curlew, [313]
• Haliaëtus albicilla, [205]
• Harelda glacialis, [250]
• Harlequin duck, [246]
• Harrier, Montagu’s, [201]
• Hawfinch, [130]
• Hawk-owl, American, [199]
• —— European, [199]
• Hawk, sparrow, [206]
• Heather-bleater, [299]
• Hedge-sparrow, [84]
• Helodromus ochropus, [310]
• Hen-harrier, [199]
• Heniconetta Stelleri, [246]
• Heron, [223]
• —— buff-backed, [226]
• —— great white, [226]
• —— night, [223]
• —— purple, [226]
• —— Squacco, [226]
• Herring-gull, [324]
• Hierofalco candicans, [217]
• —— gyrfalco, [217]
• —— islandicus, [217]
• Hirundo rustica, [118]
• Hobby, [210]
• Honey buzzard, [217]
• Hooded crow, [167]
• —— merganser, [246]
• Hoodie, [167]
• Hoopoe, [190]
• House-martin, [121]
• House-sparrow, [132]
• Hydrochelidon nigra, [323]
• Hypolaïs icterina, [79]

• Ibis, glossy, [226]
• Iceland falcon, [217]
• —— gull, [329]
• Icterine warbler, [79]
• Ivory gull, [329]
• Iÿnx torquilla, [186]

• Jack-curlew, [313]
• Jackdaw, [163]
• Jack-snipe, [300]
• Jay, [158]

• Kentish plover, [287]
• Kestrel, [212]
• —— lesser, [217]
• Killdeer plover, [288]
• King eider, [246]
• Kingfisher, [188]
• —— belted, [189]
• Kite, [207]
• —— black, [216]
• Kittiwake, [323]
• Knot, [304]

• Lag-goose, grey, [227]
• Lagopus mutus, [270]
• —— scoticus, [272]
• Landrail, [278]
• Lanius collurio, [114]
• —— excubitor, [116]
• —— major, [116]
• —— minor, [116]
• —— pomeranus, [116]
• Lapland bunting, [154]
• Lapwing, [290]
• Lark, crested, [178]
• —— sky, [174]
• —— white-winged, [178]
• —— wood, [176]
• Larus argentatus, [324]
• —— canus, [326]
• —— fuscus, [325]
• —— glaucus, [329]
• —— ichthyaëtus, [330]
• —— leucopterus, [329]
• —— marinus, [327]
• —— minutus, [330]
• —— ridibundus, [328]
• Laughing gull, [329]
• Leach’s petrel, [335]
• Lesser black-backed gull, [325]
• —— golden plover, [286]
• —— grey shrike, [116]
• —— kestrel, [217]
• —— redpoll, [139]
• —— ringed plover, [288]
• —— spotted woodpecker, [183]
• Lesser tern, [320]
• —— whitethroat, [66]
• Ligurinus chloris, [128]
• Limnocryptes galliluna, [300]
• Limosa melanura, [316]
• Linnet, [138]
• —— mountain, [141]
• Linota cannabina, [138]
• —— flavirostris, [141]
• —— hornemanni, [140]
• —— linaria, [140]
• —— rufescens, [139]
• Little auk, [351]
• —— bittern, [226]
• —— bunting, [154]
• —— bustard, [281]
• —— crake, [278]
• —— egret, [226]
• —— grebe, [344]
• —— gull, [330]
• —— owl, [199]
• —— stint, [302]
• —— tern, [320]
• Locustella luscinioïdes, [84]
• —— nævia, [82]
• Lomvia bruennichi, [351]
• —— troile, [347]
• Long-eared owl, [196]
• Long-tailed duck, [250]
• —— titmouse, [90]
• Loon, [340]
• Loxia bifasciata, [145]
• —— curvirostra, [144]
• —— leucoptera, [145]
• —— pittyopsittacus, [145]

• Machetes pugnax, [306]
• Macqueen’s bustard, [281]
• Magpie, [160]
• Mallard, [239]
• Manx shearwater, [336]
• Mareca americana, [238]
• —— penelope, [237]
• Margulus alle, [351]
• Marsh-harrier, [216]
• Marsh-hen, [280]
• Marsh-titmouse, [96]
• Marsh warbler, [82]
• Martin, [121]
• —— house, [121]
• —— sand, [122]
• May bird, [313]
• Meadow-pipit, [108]
• Mealy redpoll, [140]
• Melanocorypha sibirica, [178]
• Melizophilus undatus, [70]
• Merganser, hooded, [246]
• —— red-breasted, [256]
• Mergus albellus, [258]
• —— cucullatus, [246]
• —— merganser, [255]
• —— serrator, [256]
• Merlin, [211]
• Merops apiaster, [190]
• Milvus ictinus, [207]
• —— nigrans, [216]
• Missel-thrush, [39]
• Montagu’s harrier, [201]
• Monticola saxatilis, [52]
• Moor buzzard, [216]
• Moorhen, [279]
• Moor-lamb, [299]
• Motacilla alba, [108]
• —— flava, [108]
• —— lugubris, [104]
• —— melanope, [105]
• —— rayii, [107]
• Mother Carey’s chicken, [334]
• Mountain-blackbird, [50]
• Mountain-finch, [137]
• Mountain-linnet, [141]
• Muscicapa atricapilla, [118]
• —— grisola, [116]
• —— parva, [118]
• Mute swan, [233]

• Needle-tailed swift, [179]
• Neophron percnopterus, [216]
• Night-churn, [181]
• Night heron, [226]
• Nightingale, [62]
• Nightjar, [179]
• —— Egyptian, [181]
• Noddy, [323]
• Norfolk plover, [282]
• North American killdeer-plover, [288]
• Nucifraga caryocatactes, [174]
• Numenius arquata, [314]
• —— phæopus, [313]
• Nun, [258]
• Nutcracker, [174]
• Nuthatch, [99]
• Nyctala tengmalmi, [199]
• Nyctea scandiaca, [199]
• Nycticorax griseus, [226]
• Nyroca ferruginea, [246]

• Oceanites oceanicus, [336]
• Œdemia fusca, [254]
• —— nigra, [253]
• —— perspicillata, [246]
• Œdicnemus scolopax, [282]
• Œstrelata hæsitata, [339]
• Oriole, golden, [114]
• Oriolus galbulus, [114]
• Orphean warbler, [70]
• Ortolan bunting, [154]
• Osprey, [215]
• Otis macqueeni, [281]
• —— tarda, [281]
• —— tetrax, [281]
• Otocorys alpestris, [178]
• Ouzel, water, [86]
• Owl, American hawk, [199]
• —— barn, [193]
• —— brown, [198]
• —— churn, [181]
• —— eagle, [199]
• —— European hawk, [199]
• —— little, [199]
• —— long-eared, [196]
• —— scops, [199]
• —— short-eared, [197]
• —— snowy, [199]
• —— tawny, [198]
• —— Tengmalm’s, [199]
• —— wood, [198]
• Oxeye, [92]
• Oyster-catcher, [293]

• Pagophila eburnea, [329]
• Pallas’s great grey shrike, [116]
• —— sand-grouse, [264]
• Pandion haliaëtus, [213]
• Panurus biamicus, [89]
• Parrot crossbill, [145]
• Partridge, [267]
• —— French, [265]
• —— red-legged, [265]
• Parus ater, [94]
• —— britannicus, [94]
• —— cæruleus, [97]
• —— cristatus, [98]
• —— major, [92]
• —— palustris, [96]
• Passenger pigeon, [264]
• Passer domesticus, [132]
• —— montanus, [133]
• Pastor roseus, [156]
• Pectoral sandpiper, [317]
• Perdix cinerea, [267]
• Peregrine falcon, [208]
• Pernis apivorus, [217]
• Petrel, Bulwer’s, [339]
• —— capped, [339]
• —— fork-tailed, [335]
• —— Leach’s, [335]
• —— stormy, [333]
• —— Wilson’s, [336]
• Pewit, [290]
• Phalacrocorax carbo, [218]
• —— graculus, [220]
• Phalarope, grey, [295]
• —— red-necked, [294]
• Phalaropus fulicarius, [295]
• —— hyperboreus, [294]
• Phasianus colchicus, [264]
• Pheasant, [264]
• —— ring-necked, [265]
• —— sea, [238]
• Phylloscopus rufus, [74]
• —— sibilatrix, [78]
• —— superciliosus, [79]
• —— trochilus, [76]
• Pica rustica, [160]
• Pied flycatcher, [118]
• —— wagtail, [104]
• Pigeon, passenger, [264]
• Pigmy curlew, [303]
• Pine grossbeak, [144]
• Pinicola enucleator, [144]
• Pink-footed goose, [229]
• Pintail, [238]
• Pipit, meadow, [108]
• —— Richard’s, [113]
• —— rock, [112]
• —— tawny, [113]
• —— tree, [110]
• —— water, [113]
• Platalea leucorodia, [226]
• Plectrophanes nivalis, [152]
• Plegadis falcinellus, [226]
• Plover, big, [282]
• —— golden, [284]
• —— green, [290]
• —— grey, [286]
• —— Kentish, [287]
• —— killdeer, [289]
• —— lesser golden, [286]
• —— lesser ringed, [288]
• —— Norfolk, [282]
• —— ringed, [287]
• Pochard, [248]
• —— red-crested, [246]
• Podiceps auritus, [345]
• —— cristatus, [342]
• —— griseigena, [345]
• —— nigrocollis, [345]
• Polish swan, [233]
• Pomatorhine skua, [333]
• Porzana bailloni, [278]
• —— maruetta, [277]
• —— parva, [278]
• Pratincola rubetra, [54]
• Pratincola rubicola, [56]
• Prettichaps, [69]
• Procellaria leucorrhoa, [335]
• —— pelagica, [333]
• Ptarmigan, [270]
• Puffin, [351]
• Puffinus anglorum, [336]
• —— griseus, [337]
• —— major, [337]
• —— obscurus, [337]
• Purple heron, [226]
• —— sandpiper, [304]
• Pyrrhocorax graculus, [157]
• Pyrrhula europæa, [142]

• Quail, [269]
• Querquedula carolinensis, [244]
• —— circia, [243]
• —— crecca, [244]
• —— discors, [244]
• Quest, [258]

• Rallus aquaticus, [277]
• Raven, [172]
• Razorbill, [345]
• Recurvirostra avocetta, [316]
• Red-backed shrike, [114]
• Redbreast, [59]
• Red-breasted flycatcher, [118]
• —— goose, [227]
• —— merganser, [256]
• —— snipe, [317]
• Red-craking night-wren, [84]
• Red-crested pochard, [246]
• Red-footed falcon, [217]
• Red grouse, [272]
• Red-legged partridge, [265]
• Red-necked grebe, [345]
• —— nightjar, [181]
• —— phalarope, [294]
• Red night-reeler, [84]
• Redpoll, Greenland, [140]
• —— lesser, [139]
• —— mealy, [140]
• Redshank, [310]
• Red-spotted bluethroat, [59]
• Redstart, [57]
• —— black, [59]
• Red-throated diver, [342]
• Redwing, [45]
• Reed-bunting, [151]
• Reed-sparrow, [152]
• Reed-warbler, [79]
• —— great, [82]
• Reelbird, [84]
• Reeve, [306]
• Regulus cristatus, [72]
• —— ignicapillus, [74]
• Richard’s pipit, [113]
• Richardson’s skua, [333]
• Ringdove, [258]
• Ringed plover, [287]
• Ring-necked pheasant, [265]
• Ring-ouzel, [50]
• Rissa tridactyla, [323]
• River-chat, [80]
• Robin, [59]
• Rock, blue, [262]
• Rock-dove, [261]
• Rock-pipit, [112]
• Rock-thrush, [52]
• Roller, [190]
• Rook, [168]
• Roseate tern, [320]
• Rose-coloured pastor, [156]
• Rosy bullfinch, [144]
• Rough-legged buzzard, [216]
• Royston crow, [167]
• Ruddy sheldrake, [236]
• Ruff, [306]
• Rufous warbler, [79]
• Rustic bunting, [154]
• Ruticilla phœnicurus, [57]
• —— titys, [59]

• Sabine’s gull, [330]
• Sanderling, [308]
• Sand-martin, [122]
• Sandpiper, Bartram’s, [317]
• —— Bonaparte’s, [317]
• —— broad-billed, [317]
• —— buff-breasted, [317]
• —— common, [309]
• —— curlew, [303]
• —— green, [310]
• —— pectoral, [317]
• —— purple, [304]
• —— wood, [316]
• Sandwich tern, [322]
• Savi’s warbler, [84]
• Saw-sharpener, [93]
• Saxicola deserti, [54]
• —— œnanthe, [52]
• —— strapazina, [54]
• Scaup, [247]
• Sclavonian grebe, [345]
• Scolopax rusticula, [296]
• Scopoli’s sooty tern, [323]
• Scops giu, [199]
• Scops owl, [199]
• Scoter, black, [253]
• Scoter, common, [253]
• —— surf, [246]
• —— velvet, [254]
• Screecher, [179]
• Sea-eagle, [205]
• Sea-magpie, [293]
• Sea-pheasant, [238]
• Sedge-bird, [80]
• Sedge-warbler, [80]
• Serin, [128]
• Serinus hortulanus, [128]
• Shag, [220]
• Shearwater, dusky, [337]
• —— greater, [337]
• —— Manx, [336]
• —— sooty, [337]
• Sheld-duck, [235]
• Sheldrake, common, [235]
• —— ruddy, [236]
• Shore-lark, [178]
• Short-eared owl, [197]
• Short-toed lark, [178]
• Shoveler, [245]
• Shrike, great grey, [116]
• —— lesser grey, [116]
• —— red-backed, [114]
• Siskin, [127]
• Sitta cæsia, [99]
• Skua, Buffon’s, [333]
• —— common or great, [330]
• —— Richardson’s, [333]
• Skylark, [174]
• Smew, [258]
• Snipe, common, [299]
• —— double, [298]
• —— great, [298]
• —— jack, [300]
• —— solitary, [298]
• —— summer, [309]
• Snow-bunting, [153]
• Snowflake, [152]
• Snow goose, [227]
• Snowy owl, [199]
• Solan goose, [221]
• Solitary snipe, [298]
• Somateria mollissima, [251]
• —— spectabilis, [246]
• Song-thrush, [41]
• Sooty shearwater, [337]
• —— tern, [323]
• Sparrow-hawk, [206]
• Sparrow, hedge, [84]
• —— house, [132]
• —— tree, [133]
• Spatula clypeata, [245]
• Spinner, [181]
• Spoonbill, [226]
• Spotted crake, [277]
• —— eagle, [216]
• —— flycatcher, [116]
• —— redshank, [316]
• —— woodpecker, [181]
• Squacco heron, [226]
• Squatarola helvetica, [286]
• Starling, [154]
• Steller’s duck, [246]
• Stercorarius catarrhactes, [330]
• —— crepidatus, [333]
• —— parasiticus, [333]
• —— pomatorhinus, [333]
• Sterna cantiaca, [322]
• —— dougalli, [320]
• —— fluviatilis, [319]
• —— macrura, [317]
• —— minuta, [320]
• Stilt, black-winged, [316]
• Stint, American, [317]
• —— little, [302]
• —— Temminck’s, [303]
• Stock-dove, [261]
• Stonechat, [56]
• Stone-cracker, [54]
• Stone-curlew, [282]
• Stork, black, [226]
• —— white, [226]
• Stormcock, [39]
• Storm petrel, [334]
• Stormy petrel, [333]
• Strepsilus interpres, [292]
• Strix flammea, [193]
• Sturnus vulgaris, [154]
• Sula bassana, [221]
• Summer snipe, [309]
• —— teal, [243]
• Surf-scoter, [246]
• Surnia funeria, [199]
• —— ulula, [199]
• Swallow, [118]
• Swallow-tailed kite, [217]
• Swan, Bewick’s, [234]
• —— mute, [233]
• —— Polish, [233]
• —— whooper, [234]
• —— wild, [234]
• Swift, [178]
• —— black, [179]
• —— needle-tailed, [179]
• —— white-bellied, [179]
• Sylvia atricapilla, [67]
• —— cinerea, [64]
• —— curruca, [66]
• —— hortensis, [69]
• —— nisoria, [70]
• —— orphea, [70]
• Syrnium aluco, [198]
• Syrrhaptes paradoxus, [264]

• Tachybaptes fluviatilis, [344]
• Tadorna casarca, [236]
• —— cornuta, [235]
• Tangle-picker, [293]
• Tawny owl, [198]
• —— pipit, [113]
• Teal, [244]
• —— blue-winged, [244]
• —— cricket, [243]
• —— green-winged, [244]
• —— summer, [243]
• Temminck’s stint, [303]
• Tengmalm’s owl, [199]
• Tern, arctic, [317]
• —— black, [323]
• —— Caspian, [323]
• —— common, [319]
• —— gull-billed, [323]
• —— little, [320]
• —— roseate, [320]
• —— Sandwich, [322]
• —— sooty, [323]
• —— whiskered, [323]
• —— white-winged black, [323]
• Tetrao tetrix, [273]
• —— urogallus, [275]
• Thick-knee, [282]
• Throstle, [41]
• Thrush, black-throated, [51]
• —— missel, [39]
• —— rock, [52]
• —— song, [41]
• —— White’s, [52]
• Tinnunculus alaudarius, [212]
• —— cenchris, [217]
• —— vespertinus, [247]
• Titmouse, bearded, [89]
• —— blue, [97]
• —— coal, [94]
• —— crested, [98]
• —— great, [92]
• —— long-tailed, [90]
• —— marsh, [96]
• Totanus calidris, [310]
• —— canescens, [312]
• —— glareola, [316]
• Tree-creeper, [124]
• Tree-pipit, [110]
• Tree-sparrow, [133]
• Tringa alpina, [300]
• —— canutus, [304]
• —— minuta, [302]
• —— striata, [304]
• —— subarquata, [303]
• —— Temmincki, [303]
• Tringoïdes hypoleucus, [309]
• Troglodytes parvulus, [101]
• Tufted duck, [246]
• Turdus atrigularis, [52]
• —— iliacus, [45]
• —— merula, [47]
• —— musicus, [41]
• —— pilaris, [46]
• —— torquatus, [50]
• —— varius, [52]
• —— viscivorus, [39]
• Turnstone, [292]
• Turtle-dove, [262]
• Turtur communis, [262]
• Twite, [141]
• Two-barred crossbill, [145]

• Upupa epops, [190]
• Uria grylle, [350]

• Vanellus vulgaris, [290]
• Velvet scoter, [246], [254]
• Vulture, Egyptian, [216]
• —— griffon, [216]

• Wagtail, blue-headed yellow, [108]
• —— grey, [105]
• —— pied, [104]
• —— white, [108]
• —— yellow, [107]
• Warbler, aquatic, [82]
• —— barred, [70]
• —— Dartford, [70]
• —— garden, [69]
• —— grasshopper, [82]
• —— icterine, [79]
• —— marsh, [82]
• —— orphean, [70]
• —— reed, [79]
• —— Savi’s, [84]
• —— sedge, [79]
• —— willow, [76]
• —— yellow-browed, [79]
• Water-hen, [280]
• Water-ouzel, [86]
• Water-pipit, [113]
• Water-rail, [277]
• Waxwing, [114]
• Whaup, [315]
• Wheatear, [52]
• —— black-throated, [54]
• —— desert, [54]
• Wheelbird, [181]
• Whimbrel, [313]
• Whinchat, [54]
• Whiskered tern, [323]
• White-bellied swift, [179]
• White-eyed duck, [246]
• White-fronted goose, [230]
• White-spotted bluethroat, [59]
• White’s thrush, [52]
• White stork, [226]
• Whitetail, [54]
• White-tailed eagle, [205]
• Whitethroat, [64]
• —— greater, [65]
• —— lesser, [66]
• White wagtail, [108]
• White-winged black tern, [323]
• —— crossbill, [145]
• —— lark, [178]
• Whooper swan, [234]
• Wigeon, [237]
• —— American, [238]
• Wild duck, [239]
• —— swan, [234]
• Willow-warbler, [76]
• Willow-wren, [76]
• Wilson’s petrel, [336]
• Windhover, [212]
• Woodchat, [116]
• Woodcock, [296]
• Woodlark, [176]
• Wood-owl, [198]
• Woodpecker, barred, [183]
• —— green, [184]
• —— lesser spotted, [183]
• —— spotted, [181]
• Wood-pigeon, [258]
• Wood-sandpiper, [316]
• Wood-wren, [78]
• Wren, [101]
• —— furze, [70]
• —— golden-crested, [72]
• —— red-craking night, [84]
• —— willow, [76]
• —— wood, [78]
• Wryneck, [186]

• Xema sabinii, [330]

• Yaffle, [185]
• Yellow-billed cuckoo, [193]
• Yellow-browed warbler, [79]
• Yellow bunting, [148]
• Yellowhammer, [148]
• Yellow wagtail, [107]
• —— yoldring, [149]

Printed at The Ballantyne Press
Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. Ltd.
Colchester, London & Eton, England