Uruguay

by W. H. Koebel

FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL STATISTICS

The increase in Uruguay's trade with foreign countries since 1862—Trade with foreign countries in 1908—Imports of articles destined for commercial purposes—Imports of articles destined for industrial purposes—Ports to which Uruguayan wool was chiefly exported during 1908—Values of imports from foreign countries—Values of exports to foreign countries—Values of goods handled by the various ports since 1909—Proportion of cultivated soil compared with the area of departments—Live stock census of the Republic in 1900, showing the amounts owned by Uruguayan and foreign proprietors—The distribution of live stock in the various departments—Principal articles exported from Uruguay to the United Kingdom in 1909—Principal articles exported from the United Kingdom to Uruguay in 1909—Uruguay's Budget—Distribution of expenditure among the various departments—Services provided for by special revenues—Principal sources from which the revenues are derived—The development of the State Bank during the years 1897-1909—Balance-sheet—Cereal production in tons—Cereal harvest for the year 1908-9—Cable, telegraph, and telephone systems—Postal service.

TABLE SHOWING THE INCREASE IN URUGUAY'S TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES SINCE 1862

Year.	Imports.	Exports.	Total.
1862	$8,151,802	$8,804,442	$16,956,244
1864	8,384,167	6,334,706	14,718,873
1866	14,608,091	10,665,040	25,273,131
1867	17,657,918	12,077,795	29,735,713
1868	16,102,465	12,139,720	28,242,195
1869	16,830,078	13,930,827	30,760,705
1870	15,003,342	12,779,051	27,782,393
1871	14,864,247	13,334,224	28,198,471
1872	18,859,794	15,489,532	34,349,256
1873	21,075,446	16,301,772	37,377,218
1874	17,481,672	15,244,785	32,426,455
1875	12,431,408	12,693,610	25,125,018
1876	12,500,000	13,727,000	26,527,000
1877	15,045,846	15,899,405	30,945,251
1878	15,927,974	17,492,159	33,420,153
1879	15,949,303	16,645,961	32,595,864
1880	19,478,868	19,752,201	39,231,069
1881	17,918,884	20,229,512	38,148,396
1882	18,174,800	22,062,934	40,237,734
1883	20,322,311	25,221,664	35,543,975
1884	24,550,674	24,759,485	49,309,559
1885	25,275,476	25,253,036	50,528,512
1886	20,194,655	23,811,986	44,006,641
1887	24,615,944	18,671,996	43,287,940
1888	29,477,448	28,008,254	57,485,702
1889	36,823,863	25,954,107	62,777,970
1890	32,364,627	29,085,519	61,450,146
1891	18,978,420	26,998,270	45,976,690
1892	18,404,296	25,915,819	44,356,115
1893	19,671,640	27,681,373	47,353,013
1894	23,800,370	33,470,511	57,279,881
1895	24,596,193	32,543,643	57,279,881
1896	25,530,185	30,403,084	55,933,269
1897	19,512,216	29,219,573	48,831,789
1898	24,784,361	30,276,916	55,061,277
1899	25,552,800	36,574,164	62,226,964
1900	23,978,206	29,410,862	53,389,068
1901	23,691,932	27,731,126	51,423,058
1902	23,517,347	33,602,512	57,119,859
1903	26,103,966	37,317,909	62,421,975
1904	21,217,000	38,485,000	59,702,000
1905	30,778,000	30,805,000	61,583,000
1906	34,455,000	33,402,000	67,857,000
1907	37,470,715	34,912,072	72,382,787
1908	36,188,723	40,296,367	76,485,090
1909	37,136,764	45,789,703	82,946,467

URUGUAY'S TRADE WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN 1908. A COMPARISON WITH THAT OF SOME OTHER CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN STATES

Uruguay	$76,485,090	Guatemala	12,567,729
Peru	49,585,000	San Salvador	10,028,237
Bolivia	33,837,000	Panama	9,563,946
Columbia	28,512,636	Haiti	8,180,008
Venezuela	26,540,905	Paraguay	7,661,468
Ecuador	15,296,627	Nicaragua	7,500,000
Santo Domingo	14,613,807	Honduras	4,664,039
Costa Rica	13,386,930

URUGUAY'S IMPORTS OF ARTICLES DESTINED FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES

	Yearly
	average from	1905.	1906.	1907.
	1898 to 1902.
Various foods	$4,938,000	$5,293,397	$6,966,500	$6,530,700
Beverages	2,359,000	1,724,185	1,808,500	2,097,000
Tobacco	218,000	306,142	280,109	697,000
Cotton manufactures	3,265,000	4,900,000	4,400,000	4,555,000
Woollen "	1,203,000	1,523,600	1,814,000	1,879,800
Thread "	155,000	170,086	166,000	226,100
Silk "	276,000	303,286	364,000	521,500
Other "	344,000	1,727,492	1,587,000	955,000
Chemical and
pharmaceutical
products	507,000	751,993	718,000	1,178,000
Musical instruments	61,000	93,873	106,800	116,600
Paper and cardboard	496,000	615,617	675,100	709,300
Manufactured metal	707,000	1,072,426	1,078,100	593,600
China and earthenware	84,000	163,000	186,800	185,400
Jewels, crystals, &c.	373,000	494,815	546,000	724,000
Various articles	1,271,000	1,635,203	1,948,800	1,384,315
	———	———	———	———
Total	$17,271,000	$20,775,651	$22,645,700	$22,353,615

URUGUAY'S IMPORTS OF ARTICLES DESTINED FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES

	Yearly
	average from	1905.	1906.	1907.
	1898 to 1902.
Livestock	$1,388,000	$1,822,452	$990,000	$754,000
Machine oil	533,000	691,860	781,400	841,400
Coal	1,128,000	1,366,564	1,723,000	1,879,000
Paints and inks	139,000	224,784	223,000	320,000
Timber	1,112,000	1,605,410	1,526,000	1,620,000
Wooden manufactures	134,000	308,175	349,000	418,700
Tanned hides	211,030	310,756	379,000	258,000
Iron and steel	420,000	684,959	883,000	1,688,500
Agricultural machinery and instruments	235,000	299,146	241,300	180,300
Industrial machinery and implements	149,000	247,116	338,000	847,600
Wire fencing	506,000	976,490	721,000	793,700
Manufactured iron	403,000	619,749	737,000	470,000
Portland cement	103,000	237,437	347,000	479,600
Tiles	41,000	59,601	73,000	74,500
Railway and tramway material	490,009	275,889	2,089,000	3,194,000
General factory material	72,000	275,564	407,600	1,295,700
	———	———	———	———
Total	$7,064,000	$10,001,952	$11,808,300	$15,117,100

PORTS TO WHICH URUGUAYAN WOOL WAS CHIEFLY EXPORTED DURING 1908

	Bales.
Marseilles	94,418
Hamburg and Bremen	28,003
Dunkirk	21,901
Ambères	17,926
Havre	12,953
Liverpool	7,003

VALUES OF IMPORTS FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES

	Yearly
	average from	1907.		Difference.
	1898 to 1902.
Great Britain	$6,447,764	$11,572,152	+	$5,124,388
Germany	2,932,965	6,079,498	+	3,146,533
France	2,290,174	3,924,069	+	1,633,885
United States	2,091,209	3,439,445	+	1,348,236
Italy	2,218,844	2,898,391	+	679,547
Belgium	1,456,469	2,688,520	+	1,232,051
Argentina	3,151,345	2,563,186	-	588,158
Brazil	1,518,800	1,743,731	+	224,931
Spain	1,837,603	1,725,198	-	112,405
Holland	3,625	233,968	+	230,343
Paraguay	145,431	187,989	+	42,558
Australia	—	130,559	+	130,539
Cuba	105,932	121,040	+	15,108
Chile	106,608	108,342	+	1,734
Portugal	15,087	32,668	+	17,281
Austria	3,071	22,178	+	19,107
	———	———		———
Total	$24,324,927	$37,470,615	+	$13,145,688

URUGUAYAN EXPORTS TO VARIOUS COUNTRIES

	Yearly
	average from
	1898 to 1902.	1907.	1908.
Germany	$3,401,642	$4,647,866	$5,454,661
England	2,592,613	2,954,529	2,987,759
Argentina	5,194,663	7,295,195	8,143,029
Australia	—	12,750	4,400
Austria	—	116,880	528,568
Belgium	5,084,554	5,551,763	6,138,059
Brazil	6,908,427	2,759,863	3,467,283
Cuba	439,040	1,092,966	848,858
Chile	282,015	289,239	170,924
Scotland	—	38,625	58,846
Spain	531,793	533,674	524,066
United States	1,886,372	1,603,330	2,336,201
France	5,137,192	6,441,631	7,699,927
Italy	663,097	1,155,704	1,310,811
Holland	34,977	11,910	6,071
Paraguay	192,024	9,343	21,618
Peru	106	—	—
Porto Rico	—	—	51,070
Portugal	—	101,784	133,170
Prussia	18,911	—	100,002
Barbadoes	816	330	1,570
Canary Islands	14,234	5,971	2,475
Falkland Islands	3,739	1,483	511
Trinidad	2,051	3,794	1,541
South Africa	2,760	—	12,195
Provisions for vessels	164,400	293,502	291,150
	———	———	———
Total	$31,555,422	$34,912,072	$40,296,347

VALUES OF GOODS HANDLED BY THE VARIOUS PORTS DURING 1909

	Imports.	Exports.
	———	———
Montevideo	$34,251,069	$32,685,267
Paysandú	924,112	2,933,884
Salto	571,371	2,000,038
Fray Bentos	272,535	2,538,870
Colonia	513,684	2,770,862
Mercedes	226,789	1,547,081
Maldonado	21,404	—
Rocha	45,800	—
Cerro Largo	155,000	780,000
Various	175,000	533,700
	——	——
Total	$37,156,764	$45,789,703

PROPORTION OF CULTIVATED SOIL COMPARED WITH THE AREA OF DEPARTMENTS

	Area in	Cultivated	Cultivated
Departments.	Kilometres.	Area	Area to
		Hectares.	the whole.
Montevideo	664	1,074	1·61
Artigas	11,378	1,321	0·11
Canelones	4,751	139,721	29·40
Cerro Largo	14,928	11,129	0·74
Colonia	5,681	107,815	18·98
Durazno	14,314	5,100	0·35
Flores	4,518	3,842	0·85
Florida	12,107	33,382	2·75
Maldonado	4,111	11,530	2·80
Minas	12,484	31,079	2·49
Paysandú	13,252	5,707	0·43
Rio Negro	8,470	1,727	0·20
Rivera	9,828	3,986	0·40
Rocha	11,088	7,662	0·69
Salto	12,603	2,202	0·17
San José	6,962	102,866	14·77
Soriano	9,223	21,487	2·33
Tacuarembó	21,015	2,385	0·11
Treinta y Tres	9,539	6,329	0·66
	——	——	——
Total	186,929	500,347	2·67

LIVE STOCK CENSUS OF THE REPUBLIC IN 1900, SHOWING THE AMOUNTS OWNED BY URUGUAYAN AND FOREIGN PROPRIETORS

	Cattle.	Horses.	Sheep.	Mules.	Goats.	Pigs.	Total.
Uruguayans	3,135,152	304,381	10,782,057	8,952	15,059	54,877	14,301,378
Argentines	126,796	10,963	347,271	168	219	508	485,925
Brazilians	1,968,188	131,733	2,370,920	7,812	2,522	10,755	4,492,230
Paraguayans	609	112	4,887	—	4	54	5,656
Chilians	11,338	140	3,550	—	—	13	16,041
Mexicans	65	13	—	—	2	—	80
North
Americans	6,990	337	5,989	—	2	27	13,345
Spaniards	823,226	58,905	2,769,364	4,080	1,276	15,351	8,672,242
Portuguese	23,122	1,434	36,848	43	6	159	16,612
French	240,494	17,223	1,141,881	564	382	2,339	1,402,883
English	275,183	15,055	514,835	410	119	257	806,859
German	39,544	3,488	121,747	90	54	297	165,220
Swiss	15,033	1,146	23,181	12	12	555	39,939
Italians	158,310	16,226	479,122	836	771	8,631	663,896
Austrians	1,955	203	4,445	21	—	89	6,713
Dutch	25	13	550	—	—	—	586
Danes	15	12	—	4	—	6	37
Belgians	10	3	—	—	—	5	18
Norwegians	25	8	180	—	—	—	213
Russians	6	4	—	—	—	—	10
Arabs	2	9	—	—	—	—	11
	———	———	———	———	———	———	———
Total	6,827,428	561,408	18,618,717	22,992	20,428	93,923	26,134,896

THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE STOCK IN THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

Departments.	Cattle.	Horses.	Sheep.	Mules.	Goats.	Pigs.	Total.
Artigas	514,328	43,489	791,969	6,060	1,296	1,501	1,358,643
Salto	614,806	45,819	1,076,878	3,234	1,622	2,957	1,746,316
Paysandú	686,159	44,685	1,071,382	1,881	330	1,734	1,806,171
Rio Negro	525,086	22,346	1,060,344	769	419	934	1,609,898
Tacuarembó	560,406	38,468	922,081	1,683	874	4,406	1,527,918
Rivera	292,704	28,993	207,236	1,063	983	3,234	534,213
Treinta y Tres	382,803	29,160	892,815	384	265	4,158	1,309,585
Cerro Largo	591,007	30,999	662,184	629	67	5,247	1,290,133
Minas	369,172	34,074	1,334,916	290	3,184	6,314	1,847,950
Rocha	336,426	36,735	1,257,495	314	918	8,483	1,640,371
Maldinado	121,176	17,894	695,833	182	1,629	5,472	842,186
Durazno	429,451	31,762	1,978,391	950	140	2,217	2,442,911
Flores	154,776	16,719	1,474,664	154	104	1,346	1,647,763
San José	142,130	12,518	482,436	517	158	1,799	639,558
Florida	338,012	25,037	1,654,940	536	186	2,723	2,021,434
Soriano	407,037	35,968	2,056,795	688	229	1,170	2,501,887
Colonia	225,475	28,868	785,697	1,039	422	4,499	1,043,209
Canelones	112,651	20,808	99,152	917	1,935	29,355	264,818
	———	———	———	———	———	———	———
Total	6,827,428	561,408	18,608,717	22,992	20,428	93,923	26,134,896

PRINCIPAL ARTICLES EXPORTED FROM URUGUAY TO THE UNITED KINGDOM IN 1909

	£
Meat (chilled, frozen, extracts), &c.	732,125
Wool	173,738
Hides and skins (including sealskins, £8,440)	62,703
Bones	10,089
Tallow	76,688
Wheat	20,054
Maize	7,160
Flax seed	26,721

PRINCIPAL ARTICLES EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM TO URUGUAY IN 1909

	£
Coal	699,260
Coke	11,339
Woollens, Manchester and Bradford goods	712,067
Galvanised iron	141,184
Drugs, &c.	70,460
Machinery	337,304
Hardware	26,614
Glass and china	39,105
Jute goods	63,209
Cement	16,000
Stationery	14,000
Paints, &c.	19,140
Metals (excluding iron and steel)	23,675
Hats and millinery	11,335
Woollen articles	29,737

URUGUAY'S BUDGET. DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE AMONG THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS

	Budget of			Budget of
	1908-9.			1910-11.
	Dollars	Cents	£	Dollars	Cents	£
Legislature	541,476	61	115,208	558,864	33	118,907
Presidency of the Republic	77,938	21	16,582	76,471	40	16,270
Ministry of Foreign Affairs	473,280	50	100,698	534,898	37	113,808
Ministry of Interior	2,997,013	36	637,662	3,412,250	88	726,011
Ministry of Finance	1,371,455	84	291,799	1,523,842	57	324,222
Industry, labour, and public construction	1,572,257	46	334,523	2,308,793	75	491,232
Ministry of Public Works	283,887	20	60,401	374,321	91	79,643
Ministry of War and Marine	3,057,377	67	650,506	3,580,739	89	761,859
Administration of justice	445,286	54	94,742	323,353	80	68,800
National obligations	10,255,357	35	2,181,991	10,639,723	80	2,263,771
	———	———	———	———	———	———
Total	21,075,330	74	4,484,113	23,333,260	70	4,964,523

SERVICES PROVIDED FOR BY SPECIAL REVENUES

	$
Municipal Budget}	1,520,000
Montevideo }
Interior	930,000
National Commission of Charity	1,850,000
University, application of special revenue	140,000
Port works, application of additional duty	1,400,000
National Council of Hygiene	33,000
Miscellaneous	1,200,000
	—————
Total	7,073,000

PRINCIPAL SOURCES FROM WHICH THE REVENUES ARE DERIVED

	$	£
Customs Revenue	13,620,000	2,897,872
Property tax—
Montevideo	1,090,000	231,915
Provinces	1,720,000	365,957
Licensing taxes—
Montevideo	783,000	166,595
Provinces	571,000	121,489
Profits of the Bank of the Republic	770,000	163,829
Internal taxes on home manufactures—i.e., alcohol,
matches, beer, artificial wines, tobacco, &c.	1,408,000	299,574
Stamps and stamped paper	830,000	176,596
Post and telegraphs	570,000	121,276
Consumption tax on imported produce	380,000	80,851
Consular fees	233,000	47,449
Lighthouse dues	85,000	18,085

TABLE SHOWING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATE BANK DURING THE YEARS 1897-1909

		Notes					Reserve
Year.	Cash.	in	Deposits.	Advances.	Capital.	Fund.	Dividend.
		Circulation.
	$		$	$	$	$
1897	1,659,098	892,430	524,982	2,849,586	5,000,000	——	2·649
1898	3,095,343	2,691,652	834,339	3,418,435	5,020,303	20,303	2·762
1899	4,431,313	4,551,419	1,604,669	4,527,312	5,037,633	37,633	3·273
1900	4,739.788	5,010,388	2,427,891	5,936,920	5,058,243	58,243	4·030
1901	4,633,957	5,223,569	2,704,441	6,353,506	5,083,713	80,713	5·504
1902	6,541,015	6,008,603	3,345,939	7,012,434	5,118,692	118,692	5·410
1903	7,616,593	6,862,538	4,111,762	7,352,943	5,153,302	153,302	5·596
1904	6,120,185	5,256,811	2,472,016	5,460,727	5,223,118	223,118	7·044
1905	9,382,287	8,195,477	4,109,257	6,608,587	5,255,118	255,118	7·107
1906	10,339,651	10,396,740	4,730,672	8,971,758	5,281,626	281,626	6·736
1907	11,362,879	12,323,869	5,032,657	12,483,812	6,326,600	326,600	9·209
1908	13,080,825	13,773,633	5,455,804	15,345,513	6,399,425	399,425	12·754
1909	17,598,920	15,936,961	8,001,301	16,223,624	6,857,901	501,446	11·217

Note.—Rate of Exchange: $4.70 = £1.

The following is the balance-sheet of December 31, 1909:

Assets.

	$
Cash	20,036,564
Advances	18,921,606
Foreign correspondents	2,927,139
Capital not realised	5,045,947
Sundry stocks and discounts	940,007
National savings bank	400,000
Stocks, &c., for guarantees of judicial and administrative deposits	842,671
Properties	540,596
Branches	4,657,167
Stocks and shares deposited	22,798,736
	—————
Total	77,110,433
	£
Equivalent in sterling	16,406,475
	—————

Liabilities.

	$
Authorised capital	12,000,000
Judicial and administrative deposits	703,641
Notes in circulation	16,692,413
Deposit certificates and silver cheque "conformes"	1,633,000
Reserve Fund	597,599
Deposits	11,000,423
Supreme Government	6,047,270
Dividends (payable to State)	769,221
Branches	4,807,854
Sundries	60,276
Depositors of stocks and shares	22,798,736
	—————
Total	77,110,433
	£
Equivalent in sterling	16,406,475
	—————

CEREAL PRODUCTION IN TONS

Year.	Wheat.	Linseed.	Oats.	Barley.	Birdseed.	Maize.
	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.	Tons.
1900	187,553	1,009	33	424	518	77,093
1901	99,719	2,313	68	438	709	141,647
1902	206,936	8,757	115	1,016	1,103	128,539
1903	142,611	20,767	149	658	323	134,335
1905	205,888	14,046	525	588	1,745	121,862
1906	124,344	10,782	543	786	1,908	81,956
1907	186,884	21,930	1,752	1,576	1,638	13,613
1908	202,208	18,372	3,467	1,889	223	———
1909	233,910	13,259	6,710	3,072	119	169,464

CEREAL HARVEST FOR THE YEAR 1908-9

	Amount Sown.	Area	Total Yield.
		Cultivated.
	Kilos.	Hectares.	Kilos.
Wheat	18,915,529	276,787	233,910,034
Linseed	592,959	18,341	13,259,821
Oats	458,156	6,891	6,710,645
Barley	238,089	3,487	3,072,202
Canary seed	5,319	141	119,130
Maize	2,534,739	203,268	169,464,099

CABLE, TELEGRAPH, AND TELEPHONE SYSTEMS IN URUGUAY

Cables.

	Miles.
Western Telegraph Company	470
River Plate Telegraph Company	180
Telegraph and Telephone Company of the River Plate	205
National Government cable	10
	——
Total	865

Telegraphs.

	Miles.
National Government Telegraphs	1,740
Oriental Telegraph Company	1,030
River Plate Telegraph Company	328
Telegraph and Telephone Company of the River Plate	300
	———
Total	3,398

Telegraphs (Railway System).

	Miles.
Central Uruguay Railway Company	2,138
Midland Railway Company	198
Northern Railway Company	71
North Western Railway Company	112
Eastern Railway Company	32
Local companies	39
	———
Total	2,590

Telephones.

	Miles.
Montevideo Telephone Company (British)	10,845
The Co-operative Telephone Company (Uruguayan)	4,375
National Government lines for police service	2,188
	———
Total	17,408

SUMMARY

	Miles.
Cables (Telegraphs)	865
Public service	3,398
Railway service	2,590
Telephones	17,408
	———
Total	24,261

POSTAL SERVICE

The Revenue from the Postal Services for the year 1909 amounts to £132,307, and the expenditure as authorised by the Government £106,085.

URUGUAY
London: T. Fisher Unwin

---

[INDEX]

A
Aborigines ([138]-150);
various tribes, [138];
character of, [139];
ethics, [140];
marriage, [141];
warfare, [142];
weapons, [143];
burial, [143]-4;
superstitions, [144]-5;
question of cannibalism, [145]-6;
introduction of horses to, [147];
hostility to whites, [147]
Administration, [312]-3.
Agnes C. Donohoe, Canadian sealing-schooner, seized, [295]
Agricultural societies, [259]
Agriculture (See Estancias, Industries, Cereals);
proportion of soil in cultivation, [331]
Alfalfa, [205]
Alvear, defeats Otorgues, [70];
deposed by Thomas, [72]
Amethysts, [235], [289]
Aguirre, President, [121]
Arachanes Indians, [150]
Architecture, [193]-4, [201], [208], [216]
Argentina, provinces, occupied by Lopes, [122]
Argentine, the, relations with Uruguay, [30], [63]-4.
See Buenos Aires, Rosas
Artigas ([78]-96), central figure of the Revolution, [57];
joins patriots, [58];
defeats Spaniards at Las Piedras, [59];
besieges Montevideo, [60];
superseded in command, [61];
heads exodus to Argentine, [63];
insists on Uruguayan autonomy, [64];
separates from Argentine, [65];
elected President, [67];
raises siege of Montevideo, is outlawed by Argentina, but raises revolt in provinces, [68];
demands surrender of Montevideo, [69];
ruler of Uruguay, [71];
returns hostages to Thomas, [72];
defeated by Brazilians, [75];
declares war upon Buenos Aires, [75];
deserted by leaders, [76];
escapes to Paraguay, [77];
history of, [78]-96;
character, [79]-80;
early life, [81]-3;
ruler of Uruguay, [88];
expels Spaniards, [89];
horrors committed in camp, [91];
simplicity of manners, [91]-4
B
Banda Oriental, [27];
subject to Artigas, [90]
Barley, [285]
Bathing-places, [167]
Batlle, President, [123], [126]
Beef Trust of United States, [280]-1;
attempt to capture South American refrigerating industry, [282]
Belgrano, makes treaty with Portuguese, [64]
"Blancos," or Whites, the, a political clan, [32];
assassinate Flores, [123];
assassinate Borda, [125];
origin of term, [313], [314]-5, [321]-3
Bohanes Indians, [148]
Borda, President, assassinated, [125]
Brazil, relations with, [30]-1;
invades Uruguay in 1817, [75];
annexes Uruguay, [77];
alliance with Uruguay against Rosas, [117];
sends troops to assist Flores, [120];
alliance with Uruguay in Paraguayan War, [122]
British: capital, [276];
popularity of, [33];
enterprise, [296]-7;
invade Uruguay and evacuate it, [55].
See England.
Brown, Admiral, destroys Spanish fleet, [68];
destroys Uruguayan fleet, [114]
Budget, the, [335]
Buenos Aires, taken by British, [55];
Junta of, [56];
action of Government during revolution, [62], [64];
refuses to recognise Congress of Uruguay, [67];
evacuates Montevideo, [70], [71];
sends forces against Artigas which revolt and depose Alvear, [72];
offers to acknowledge Uruguayan independence in return for Transplatine provinces, [73]
Bull-fighting, [133]-4, [223]-4
Burnett, Mr. Henry, British Vice-Consul, [203]
Bustamente, President, [120]
C
Cabildo, official, [73]
Cabot founds San Sebastian, [38]
Campo, the, [72], [114], [175]-7, [137], [237]-45
Canaries, immigrants from, [48]-9, [53]
Canelones, [265]
Caudillo, severity of, [74]
Carlos II. of Spain, surrenders Colonia to Portugal, [42]
Carlota, Queen of Portugal, [61]
Casas, Padre de las, recommends introduction of negro slaves, [44]
Cattle, introduced by Hernandarias, [40];
superabundance of, [153], [247]-8, [250], [254]-264;
census, [332];
distribution of, [333]
Cereals, [284]-5
Changadores, or early buccaneers, [40]
Charity, Commission of, [313]
Charrúa Indians, kill de Solis, [37];
destroy S. Sebastian, [38];
attempt to sack Montevideo, [49];
practically exterminated, [110], [139]-47
Cheese, [175]
Chilled meat. See Refrigerating Industry
Cholera, [124]
Civil War, [28];
after War of Independence, [108];
Rosas intervenes, [112];
the French intervene, [113].
See Revolution, Revolutions
Climate, [272]
Clubs, [158]-9
Colón, [166]
Colonia, foundation of, [42];
in hands of Portuguese, [43];
captured by Spanish, [44];
given back to Portugal by Philip V., [44];
besieged by Salcedo, [49];
exchanged for Jesuit missions, [50];
again becomes Portuguese, is retaken, and again falls to Portuguese, [51];
captured by Ceballos, [53];
siege of, during Revolution, [60]
Colonia, department, [267]
Colonia Suiza, [211]-5
Colonies, [212]-3, [220]-244
"Colorados" or Reds, a political clan, [32];
formation of, [120];
origin of, [313], [314]-5, [321]-3
Communications, [296]-308. See Railways, Shipping
"Conciliation Ministry," the, [125]
Constitution of Uruguay, [109], [311]
Coronilla, seal islands, [294]
Corrales, goldfields, [287]
Costume, [180]
Cuestas, [125]
Culta, besieges Montevideo, [65]
Customs revenue, [336]
Customs service, [83]
D
Dairies, [214], [261]
Darwin, discovers fulgurites at Maldonado, [203]
Departments, [265];
budgets of, [335]
Diamonds, [288]
Diaz, General, revolt of, [119];
policy of, [120];
second revolt and execution, [121]
Dolores, taken by the Thirty-Three, [101]
Domestics, [180]-1
Durazno, department, [266]
E
Eden, [185]
Education, [32], [165]
Elio, appeals to Queen Carlota for help during siege of Montevideo, [61], [88]
England, intervenes during Rosas' invasion, [116];
exports to, [334];
exports from, [334].
See British.
English colony, the, [159]
Estancias, [246]-53
Exports, [277], [329];
general, [330];
to England, [334]
F
Faeneros, early trafficking in hides by, [40]
Fauna of Uruguay, [273]-5
Ferdinand VI. of Spain, cedes northern Uruguay and the Missions to Portugal in return for Colonia, [50]
Feuds, [137].
See Politics, Revolutions
Finance, a crisis, [124];
increased cost of living, [131]-2;
English capital, [276];
imports and exports, [277];
the Budget, [335];
special revenue, [336];
principal sources of revenue, [336]
Flores, Dictator, [120]-1;
assassinated, [123]
Florida, department, [205]
Football, [133]
Foreigners, position of, [32]
France, blockades Buenos Aires, [113];
forms armistice with Rosas, [114];
intervenes during invasion by Rosas, [116]
Francia, Dictator of Paraguay, [77]
Fray Bentos, [229]
Frigorifica Uruguaya, [263]
Frozen Meat trade, [263], [280]-2
Fulgurites, [203]
G
Garay, Juan de, defeats Zapicán, [39]
Garibaldi, as privateer, [114]
Garro, de, Governor of Buenos Aires, expels Portuguese from Colonia, [42];
removed from post and promoted, [43]
Gauchos, [240]-2, [251]-3
Gems, [288]-9
Giro, fourth President, [119]
Gold, [287]
Government, policy of, [35];
established by Lavalleja, [104]
Guarani Indians, [149]
Guenoa Indians, [149]
H
Hares, [207]
Herán, Padre, Jesuit, [49]
Hernandarias, defeated by Charrúa Indians, [39];
ships cattle and horses to Colonia to breed in wild state, [40]
Hervidero, headquarters of Artigas, [90]
Highways, [195]-6
History, [37]-127
Horses, introduced by Hernandarias, [40], [256], [258]
Hotels, [159]-60
I
Immigration, modern methods in use in eighteenth century, [48]
Imports, [277];
commercial, [327];
industrial, [328];
value of, [329]
Independence, War of, [28].
See History, Revolutions
Indians, Charrúas, [37];
become carnivorous and equestrians, [42];
campaign against, [43];
rising crushed, [50];
they resist treaty of 1750, [50].
See Aborigines
International troubles, [28]
Irala orders Romero to settle Uruguay, [38]
J
Jesuits, in Uruguay, [50];
expelled by Carlos III., [51]
K
Kennedy, Mr. R. J., British Minister Plenipotentiary, [34]
L
Landscape, of Uruguay, [173]-5, [184]-7, [197], [206]-7, [222];
of the Campo, [238]-45, [251]
Latorre, dictator, [124]
Lavalleja, Juan Antonio, liberator of Uruguay, [98];
head of the Thirty-Three, [99];
takes Dolores, [100]-2;
besieges Montevideo with 100 men, [102];
sets up Government, [103];
General-in-Chief of Army of Liberation, [104];
deposes Junta, [105];
character as ruler, [108];
turns upon Rivera, [109]-110;
enters Montevideo but is forced to retire;
appointed President, the appointment is refused by Assembly, [110];
takes refuge in Brazil, [111];
supports Oribe, [112];
death of, [117]
Law, [312]
Lemco, [229], [283]
Liebig. See Lemco
Livestock, census of, [255];
cattle census, [332];
distribution, [333];
Lopes, Dictator of Paraguay, declares war upon Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina, [123]
Lottery, [313]
Luxury, Uruguayan free from common South American habit, [133]
M
Magellan, [38]
Maldonado department, fulgurites in dunes of, [203], [270]-1;
mines and mineral products of, [288]
Manners and customs, [128]-137
Marriage, laws of, [312]
Meat, dried, [261]-2, [278]-9.
See Tasajo
Meat, frozen. See Refrigerating
Meat trade, the, [261]-2, [278], [279], [280]-2.
See Beef Trust
Mercedes, captured by Gauchos, [58], [205], [208]-9;
port of, [210]
Minas, department, [271]
Minuanes, Indians, [150]
Monte Caseros, battle of, [117]
Montevideo, city of, [46], [48]-9;
a Governor appointed, [50];
seat of Viceroy after the revolution of Buenos Aires, [56];
siege during revolution, [60], [62];
a fresh siege, [64]-5;
capitulation, [68];
occupied by Alvear, [70];
evacuated, [70];
entered by Otorgues, [71];
captured by Brazilians, [75];
besieged by the Thirty-Three, [103];
entered by provisional Government, [106];
in revolt, [110];
the Nine Years' Siege, [114]-5;
revolution of 1851, [120];
seized by the Colorados, [121];
population of, [151];
description of, [152]-60;
surroundings of, [161]-2;
port works, [304]
Montevideo, department, [271]
Moreau, French adventurer, [45]
Museum at Montevideo, [157]
Mutton, despised, [156]
N
National Assembly, confirms and then vetoes appointment of Lavalleja, [111]
Negroes, first introduced into Uruguay, [44], [243];
troops, [243];
treatment of, in slavery, [245]
O
Oats, [285]
Oribe, General, [108];
second President, [111];
deprives Rivera of command, [112];
resigns upon intervention of France, [113];
joins Rosas, [114], [120], [314]
Ostentation, common South American failing, not found in Uruguay, [133]
Ostrich, the, [275]-6
Otorgues, enters Montevideo, [71];
captured, [75]
P
Palomas, seal islands, [295]
Pan de Azucar, [201]
Pando, agricultural centre, [197]-8
Paraguay, [28];
appealed to during Revolution, [64];
the Paraguayan War, [122]-3
Paysandú, centre of meat industry, [32], [58], [321]-2
Paysandú, department, [268]
Pelota, [223]
Pereira, President, [120]-1
Philip V. cedes Colonia to Portuguese, [44]
Pines, [203]
Piracy in eighteenth century, [45]
Piria, Señor, [199]-200, [202]
Piriapolis, [197]
Plata, La, River Plate, delineation of boundaries, [34], [45]
Police, [136]-7
Politics, [311]-23;
conduct of revolutions, [316]-17
Portuguese, rivalry of, with Spain, [38];
founders of Colonia, [42];
attempt to obtain Uruguay, [46];
invade Rio Grande, [49];
trouble with, [50]-55;
invade Uruguay during Revolution, [61];
again invade Uruguay, [73].
See Brazil
Posts, Telegraphs, Telephones, [340]-1
Prado, the, [162]
Privateering, [45];
Uruguayan privateers in European waters, [75];
Garibaldi, [114]
Progress, [36]
R
Race-meetings, [131]
Railways, [176]-80, [206]-7, [297]-308;
companies and stock, [302], [308]
Ramirez, deserts and defeats Artigas, [76]
Ranchos, primitive, [177], [211]
Rats, in Montevideo, [155]
Real de San Carlo, [223]
Refrigerating industry, [263], [280]-2
Republican Constitution, the, [312]
Revenue, tables of, [335]-6
Revolutions: the War of Independence commences at Paysandú, [58];
Portuguese intervention, [64];
independence proclaimed, [71];
independence recognised after expulsion of the Brazilians, [103];
revolution of 1853, [119];
military revolution of 1875, [124];
lesser revolutions, [311]-23
Rhodesia, [283]
Rio Negro, department, [267]
Rivera, department, [269];
goldfields, [287]-8
Rivera, General, joins the Thirty-Three, [102];
jealousy of Lavalleja, [104];
accused of treason and imprisoned, [105];
attacked by Lavalleja, [109];
elected President, [109];
escapes from Lavalleja's attempt at capture, [110];
chases Lavalleja into Brazil, [110];
deprived of rank by Oribe, [112];
returns to power assisted by French, [113];
attacked by Oribe and defeated, [114];
further defeat, [115];
appointed as Minister to Paraguay, [116];
return to power, [116];
death, [117]
Rivera, town, [193]
Rondeau, defeats Portuguese, [55];
at siege of Montevideo, [61], [65];
made Governor, [108], [314]
Rosario, [53]
Rosas, Dictator of Argentina, [110];
supports Lavalleja, [111]-2;
invades Uruguay, [113];
armistice with French, [114];
nine years' siege of Montevideo, [114];
final defeat and flight, [117]
S
Saladeros, dried meat factories, [261]
Salto, department, [268]
Salto, town, [234]
San José, [207]
San Juan, department, [266]
San Juan, estancia, [248]-9
Santa Ana, [193]-4
Santa Lucia, [207]
Santos, [125]
Seal fisheries, [291]-5
Sheep, [258]
Shipping, [308]-9
Sierra de Mal Abrigo, [207]
Slaves, introduction of, [44], [243], [245].
See Negroes
Solis, Juan Dias de, discoverer of Uruguay, killed by Indians, [37]-8
Soriano, department, [267]
Spain, turns attention to Uruguay, [38];
during Revolution, [38]-68;
fall of Spanish power in Uruguay, [68];
fall of Spanish power in America, [72];
State Bank, [337]-8
Steamer traffic. See Shipping.
Suárez, [115]
Swine, [258]
Swiss Colony, [212]
T
Tacuarembo, department, [269]
Tacuarembo, town, [187]
Tajes, President, [125]
Tambores, [178]-9
Tasajo, dried meat, [261]-2, [278]-9
Tea-Garden Restaurant, [166]-7
Theatres, [131]
Thomas, General Alvarez, deposes Alvear and becomes Director of Buenos Aires, [72]
Topaz, [235], [289]
Trade, [277];
exports, [277], [329];
general, [330];
to England, [334];
table of increase, [326];
comparative trade in 1908, table, [327];
table of commercial imports, [327];
value of, [331]
Treinta y Tres, the "Thirty-Three," set out from Buenos Aires, [99];
capture Dolores, [101];
win over Rivera, [102];
besiege Montevideo, [102];
obtain general support, [103]
Treinta y Tres, department, [270]
Triumvirate, the abortive, [119]
Tunnel, Bañada de Rocha, [191]
U
Urquiza, General, defeats Rivera, [115];
defeats Rosas, [117]
Uruguay: general description of, [27]-36;
history of, [37]-127;
manners and customs, [128]-137;
continued warfare in the past, [29];
present conditions, [34];
War of Independence, [38], et seq.;
independence proclaimed, [71];
evils of new regime, [71];
partitioned, [73];
invaded by Portuguese, [73];
annexed to Brazil, [77];
Lavalleja sets up National Government, [104];
independence recognised, [105];
alliance with France, [113];
at mercy of Rosas, [116];
alliance with Brazil and defeat of Rosas, [117];
warlike history of, [126];
life in, [138];
landscape, [174]-5;
the Campo, [237]-246;
departments of, [265]
Uruguayans, heroism of, [29];
fighting qualities, [31];
character as troops, [94]-5;
character of people, [128];
hospitality and democratic feeling, [115], [130]-3;
physique of, [133];
honesty, [136];
sobriety, [137];
types of, [181]-90;
a Paladin of the Campo, [190]
V
Varela, Dictator, [124]
Vidal, President, [124]-5
Vigodet, [65]
Villa del Cerro, [168]
Viticulture, [289]-91
W
War of Independence, [58].
See Revolutions
Water-stone, [235]
Whale fishery, [54]
Wheat, [278]
Whitelocke, General, incapacity of, [55]
Wild, A., dealer in gems, [289]
Williman, President, [126]
Wines, [289]-291
Women, Uruguayan, [135], [180]
Y
Yaros Indians, [148]
Z
Zapicán, famous Indian chief, defeats Zarate, is defeated and killed by J. de Garay, [39]
Zarate, founds a settlement, and is defeated by Zapicán, [39]
Zavala, captures Montevideo, [47]

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The Gresham Press.

UNWIN BROTHERS, LIMITED
WOKING AND LONDON

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[THE SOUTH AMERICAN SERIES.]