VI. HEDGE MAZES, FLORAL LABYRINTHS, ETC.
(i) Classical References
(Roman Topiary Work and Ornamental Gardening)
Pliny. "Hist. Nat.," XV. 30; XVI. 33; XXXVI. 13.
Pliny the Younger. Epist. V. 6.
(ii) Great Britain (General)
Hyll, T. (Didymus Mountayne.) "The Profitable Art of Gardening," 3rd edition, 1579, pp. 9, 15.
Islip, A. "The Orchard and the Garden," 1602, p. 48.
(Gathered from Dutch and French sources.)
Lawson, W. "A New Orchard and Garden," 1631.
(Afterwards embodied in K. Markham's "A New Way to Get Wealth," 1648, etc.)
Parkinson, J. "Paradisus in soli," 1629, Ch. II.
Meager, L. "The Compleat English Gardener," circ. 1685.
Harley Manuscripts. Brit. Mus. Harl. 5308 (71, a, 12).
(A seventeenth-century gardener's manuscript book, with two mazes.)
London, G., and Wise, H. "The Compleat Florist," 1706 afterwards published by J. Carpenter as "The Retir'd Gardener." (Primarily a translation of French works by L. Liger and F. Gentil.)
Langley, Batty. "New Principles of Gardening," 1728.
(Numerous maze designs.)
Switzer, S. "Ichnographia Rustica," 1742, Vol. II, p. 218.
Fullmer, S. "Gardener's Companion," 1781, p. 105.
Home, H. (Lord Kames.) "Elements of Criticism," 1796, Vol. II, p. 348.
(Criticism of mazes in gardens.)
Walpole, H. "Essay on Modern Gardening," 1785.
Robinson, W. "The English Flower Garden," 1921.
Macartney, Mervyn. "English Houses and Gardens of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," 1908.
(Article on hedges and mazes.)
Brown, A. J., in American Homes and Gardens, VII, November 1910, pp. 423–5.
(Gathered from Dutch and French sources.)
(Afterwards embodied in K. Markham's "A New Way to Get Wealth," 1648, etc.)
(A seventeenth-century gardener's manuscript book, with two mazes.)
(Numerous maze designs.)
(Criticism of mazes in gardens.)
(Article on hedges and mazes.)
(iii) Great Britain (Particular Localities)
Law, E. "History of Hampton Court Palace," 1900, Vol. III, pp. 74–7.
Rocque, J. "Engraving of Hampton Court," 1736.
(Shows the "Troy-town," as well as the Maze and a spiral garden.)
Defoe, D. "Tour through Great Britain," 1738.
(Hampton Court "Wilderness.")
Daily Chronicle, February 22, 1921.
(Revenue from Hampton Court Maze.)
Parliamentary Surveys. Survey No. 72, 1649. Transcribed by John Caley, F.R.S., in Archaeologia, Vol. X, 1792.
(Maze at Wimbledon.)
Kip, J. "Britannia Illustrata," 1720.
(Mazes at Wrest House and Badminton.)
Williams, W. "Oxonia depicta," 1732.
(Trinity College labyrinth.)
Vallance, Aymer. "The Old Colleges of Oxford," 1913, p. 77.
(Trinity College labyrinth.)
Aubrey, J. "Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme," 1686–7.
(Mazes in Southwark and Tothill Fields, Westminster. The 1881 edition has an editor's note re maze on Putney Heath.)
Churchwardens' Accounts, St. Margaret, Westminster, 1672.
(Tothill Maze.)
Collectanea Topographica, Vol. VIII, 1843, pp. 253–62.
(Maze in Southwark.)
Strickland, A. "Lives of the Queens of England," 1851, Vol. I, p. 264.
(Southwark.)
Wroth, W., and A. E. "The London Pleasure Gardens of the Eighteenth Century," 1896.
Crisp, Sir F. "Guide for the use of visitors to Friar Park," 1914.
(Maze and Dial Garden at Henley-on-Thames.)
Nesfield, W. H. "Estimate and Plan for R.H.S. Gardens," 1860 (S. Kensington). Also plan in R.H.S. "Official Guide," 1864.
Hutchison, A. F. "The Lake of Menteith," 1899.
(Queen Mary's Bower.)
Triggs, H. Inigo. "Formal Gardens in England and Scotland," 1902.
(Mazes at Arley Hall and Belton House figured.)
Elgood, G. S., and Jekyll, G. "Some English Gardens," 1904, p. 127.
(Maze at Arley Hall.)
(Shows the "Troy-town," as well as the Maze and a spiral garden.)
(Hampton Court "Wilderness.")
(Revenue from Hampton Court Maze.)
(Maze at Wimbledon.)
(Mazes at Wrest House and Badminton.)
(Trinity College labyrinth.)
(Trinity College labyrinth.)
(Mazes in Southwark and Tothill Fields, Westminster. The 1881 edition has an editor's note re maze on Putney Heath.)
(Tothill Maze.)
(Maze in Southwark.)
(Southwark.)
(Maze and Dial Garden at Henley-on-Thames.)
(Queen Mary's Bower.)
(Mazes at Arley Hall and Belton House figured.)
(Maze at Arley Hall.)
(iv) France
Androuet du Cerceau, J. "Les Plus Excellents Bastiments de France," 1576, and other architectural works.
(Mazes at Charleval, Gaillon, etc.)
Estienne, C. "La Maison Rustique," 1573, Vol. II, ch. vi, p. 68.
(Translated by R. Surflet as "The Country Farme," 1600.)
Betin, P. "Le Fidelle Jardinier," 1636, p. 24.
Perrault, C. "Labyrinte de Versailles," 1677.
(With plan and many illustrations by S. Le Clerc.)
Panseron, S. "Receuil des Jardins Français," 1723.
(With many plates.)
Blondel, J. F. "Cours d'Architecture," 1771–7, Vol. I, p. 17; Vol. IV, p. 72; Vol. VIII, Plates 18, 19.
(Mazes at Choisy and Chantilly.)
Havard, H. "Dictionnaire de l'Ameublement," etc., 1887–90. Art. "Labyrinthe."
(Mazes at Baugé and Les Rochers.)
Stein, H. "Les Jardins de France," 1913, Plates 88, 89.
Triggs, H. Inigo. "Garden Craft in Europe," 1913, pp. 21, 81, 141.
(Mazes at the Tuileries, Hôtel St. Paul, and Sceaux.)
(Mazes at Charleval, Gaillon, etc.)
(Translated by R. Surflet as "The Country Farme," 1600.)
(With plan and many illustrations by S. Le Clerc.)
(With many plates.)
(Mazes at Choisy and Chantilly.)
(Mazes at Baugé and Les Rochers.)
(Mazes at the Tuileries, Hôtel St. Paul, and Sceaux.)
(v) Italy
Serlio, S. "Libri Cinque d'Architettura," 1537; English edition, 1611.
Dupérac, S. "Vues et Perspectives des Jardins de Tivoli," 1573.
(Labyrinths at Villa d'Este.)
Evelyn, J. "Memoirs," s.a. 1646.
(Labyrinth at Vicenza.)
Triggs, H. Inigo. "The Art of Garden Design in Italy," 1906, p. 51.
(Mazes at Castellezo dei Arconati, Milan.)
Skippon, Sir Philip. "A Journey through part of the Low Countries, Germany, Italy, and France," 1663.
(Labyrinth at Vicenza.)
(Labyrinths at Villa d'Este.)
(Labyrinth at Vicenza.)
(Mazes at Castellezo dei Arconati, Milan.)
(Labyrinth at Vicenza.)
(vi) Holland and Belgium
De Vries, J. V. "Hortorum Viridariorumque Formae," 1583, Plates 14–16, 22–7.
Commelyn, C. "Nederlantze Hesperides," 1676.
(Several designs for mazes.)
Harris, W. "A Description of the King's Royal Palace and Gardens at Loo," 1699.
Visscher, N. "De Zegepraalende Vecht," 1719.
(Maze at Gunterstein.)
Triggs, H. Inigo. "Garden Craft in Europe," 1913, pp. 173, 192.
(Mazes at Sorgvliet and Enghien.)
Fouquier, M. "L'Art des Jardins," 1911, p. 120.
(Maze at Enghien.)
(Several designs for mazes.)
(Maze at Gunterstein.)
(Mazes at Sorgvliet and Enghien.)
(Maze at Enghien.)
(vii) Other Countries
Boeckler, G. A. "Architectura Curiosa," 1664, Pt. IV.
(Numerous plates contain labyrinth designs.)
Lauremberg, P. "Horticultura," 1632, Plates 15–22.
Daily Mail, September 23, 1899.
(Art. on "Puzzle Gardens" gives account of curious allegorical labyrinth at Anhalt; also describes mazes at Barcelona.)
Mollet, A. "Le Jardin de Plaisir," 1651.
(Sweden.)
Triggs, H. Inigo. "Garden Craft in Europe," 1913, p. 280.
(Maze at the Alcazar, Seville.)
Skippon, Sir P. "A Journey through part of the Low Countries," etc., 1663.
(Munich.)
Moulton, R. H., in Architectural Record (New York), October 1917, p. 400.
(American replica of the Maze at Hampton Court.)
Warren, C., in Country Life (Garden City), VIII, September 1905, pp. 527–8.
(Cedar Hill Maze, U.S.A.)
The following kindly furnished the writer with recent information regarding the mazes at the localities indicated:
H. Collar, Esq., Curator, Museum, Saffron Walden (Saffron Walden); H. Wallis Chapman, Esq., Jordans, Bucks (Sudeley Castle); W. Emerton, Esq., Grantham (Belton House); E. M. Jackson, Esq., M.A., Manningtree (Mistley Place); G. Kerry Rix, Esq., Somerleyton (Somerleyton Hall); R. Pogmore, Esq., Mansfield (Debdale Hall).
(Numerous plates contain labyrinth designs.)
(Art. on "Puzzle Gardens" gives account of curious allegorical labyrinth at Anhalt; also describes mazes at Barcelona.)
(Sweden.)
(Maze at the Alcazar, Seville.)
(Munich.)
(American replica of the Maze at Hampton Court.)
(Cedar Hill Maze, U.S.A.)
The following kindly furnished the writer with recent information regarding the mazes at the localities indicated:
H. Collar, Esq., Curator, Museum, Saffron Walden (Saffron Walden); H. Wallis Chapman, Esq., Jordans, Bucks (Sudeley Castle); W. Emerton, Esq., Grantham (Belton House); E. M. Jackson, Esq., M.A., Manningtree (Mistley Place); G. Kerry Rix, Esq., Somerleyton (Somerleyton Hall); R. Pogmore, Esq., Mansfield (Debdale Hall).
H. Collar, Esq., Curator, Museum, Saffron Walden (Saffron Walden); H. Wallis Chapman, Esq., Jordans, Bucks (Sudeley Castle); W. Emerton, Esq., Grantham (Belton House); E. M. Jackson, Esq., M.A., Manningtree (Mistley Place); G. Kerry Rix, Esq., Somerleyton (Somerleyton Hall); R. Pogmore, Esq., Mansfield (Debdale Hall).