Funeral Contributions
In the old days, when a large number of buffaloes were slaughtered at the funerals, and especially at the marvainolkedr, it was the rule that every manmokh, or sister’s son, should [[396]]supply a buffalo, while in the case of a child it seemed that buffaloes were sometimes given by the mun or mother’s brother.
Buffaloes were also given by the husbands of the daughters of a man, whether they were the manmokh of the man or not. They might be given by other relatives, but it seemed that the gift was especially a duty of the manmokh and paiol. The mokhthodvaiol of a woman should also contribute a buffalo for her second funeral.
At the present time the limitation of the number of buffaloes which may be slaughtered has removed the necessity for these gifts, but it still remains the custom for one of the buffaloes to be supplied by the manmokh or some corresponding relative, or, at any rate, it seems to be usual for one buffalo to be supplied by relatives of a man on the male side, and the other by relatives on the female side; thus, at the funeral of Sinerani (52) one buffalo was given by Kuriolv, the father of the dead child, and the other by Perner (68), the father of the child’s mother, and also the grandfather of her husband.
Contributions in money may be made by any relative, and all those who have married into the family of the deceased, even if only boys, should contribute eight annas or a rupee towards the general expenses, this custom being called tinkanik panm ûtpimi. The mokhthodvaiol of a woman should contribute at least five rupees to the expenses of the second funeral.
The ceremony of kachütthti (see p. [358]) also involves a payment from his sons-in-law to a man of the same clan as the dead man. The money is not paid, however, till the woman who places the cloths on the body has attended twenty funerals and is, therefore, probably not paid at all in many cases, but it may be regarded as tribute from those who have married into a family at each death in the family.
The contributions of buffaloes and money from a man to the relatives of his wife are called pòdri.
Contributions of food are received from various relatives, who also contribute certain of the objects used for the [[397]]adornment of the body. Each relative gives a waist-string called pennar, made of black and white thread, which is put round the body of the corpse. That given by a manmokh is exceptionally honoured in that it is tied round the body inside the mantle together with that given by the son of the deceased, those given by other relatives being put outside the mantle.
Many of the necessaries for the funerals are provided by the Kotas. The part they take as the musicians has been already mentioned. In addition they provide for the first funeral the cloak (putkuli) in which the body is wrapped, and grain (patm or samai) to the amount of five to ten kwa. They give one or two rupees towards the expenses, and if they should have no grain their contribution of money is increased.
At the marvainolkedr their contributions are more extensive. They provide the putkuli, together with a sum of eight annas for the decoration of the cloak by the Toda women. They give two to five rupees towards the general expenses and provide the bow and arrow, basket (tek), knife (kafkati), and the sieve called kudshmurn. The Kotas receive at each funeral the bodies of the slaughtered buffaloes, and are also usually given food. The method by which these contributions from the Kotas to the Todas are regulated will be considered in [Chapter XXVII].