Our Edible Toadstools and Mushrooms and How to Distinguish Them / A Selection of Thirty Native Food Varieties Easily Recognizable by their Marked Individualities, with Simple Rules for the Identification of Poisonous Species

by W. Hamilton Gibson

INDEX

Acknowledgments, [40].
Agaricaceæ, order of the, [77].
Agaricini, [75-178];
botanical characters of, [79].
Agarics, edible, [80-178];
Curtis's list of, [9-12].
Agaricus, [43-44];
vegetation of, [44-47], [85-92], [107];
botanical characters of, [77-79], [283].
Agaricus, species of:
—— Amanita, see Amanita;
—— arvensis, [85], [91];
epicurean opinions of, [94];
—— campestris,[9], [13], [21], [24], [80-95], [307, 308], [321];
the "Mushroom," [16-22];
variations in, [89-93];
spore-print of, [283];
—— candicans, [86];
—— euosmus, [147];
—— fusipes, [299];
—— gambosus, [95-101];
to cook, [313];
—— heterophylla, see Russula;
—— Marasmius oreades, [101-108];
—— melleus, [10], [28];
—— orcella, [300];
—— ostreatus, [10], [26], [141-148], [303], [307];
—— pratensis, [91];
—— procerus, [10], [86-87], [113-119], [312], [321];
—— ruber, [300];
—— ulmarius, [10], [26, 27], [148-154], [303], [312];
—— vaporarius, [91];
—— villaticus, [91];
—— virescens, [300].
See, also, Russula, Coprinus, Lactarius, Chantarelle, and Marasmius.
Agrippina, victim of Amanita, [59].
Amanita, genus of, readily identified, [2], [23], [74], [273].
—— Botanical characters of, [29], [33], [41-51], [79], [273].
—— The cup or volva in, [29], [33], [47-48], [57], [74], [273].
—— Vegetation and development of, [44-45], [74];
the veil or shroud of, [48].
—— Fatalities from eating, [2], [15], [29], [60];
a dangerous enemy, [15], [23], [29];
"silver test" upon, [26];
effect of salt and heat upon, [29].
——Poison of, [48], [60];
chemical nature of poison of, [48], [61];
Czar Alexis, [52];
Agrippina, [59];
intoxication from, [59-60];
dipsomaniacs, [59-60];
isolation of poison of, [61];
absorption of poison of, by contact and odor, [30], [69];
  diagnosis and treatment of poison of, [38-39];
antidote for poison of, [61-68];
report of a case of poisoning by, [63-66];
poison of, extracted by vinegar, [71].
Amanita, Poisonous species of:
—— vernus, [17], [25], [51];
—— muscarius, [51], [73];
spore-print of, [289], [291];
—— phalloides, [51], [74].
—— Edible species of, [73];
Cæsarea, rubescens, strobiliformis, [9], [12], [48].
Amanitine, [60]; antidote, [62].
Alexis, Czar, victim of Amanita, [52].
America and Europe, comparative appreciation of fungi in, [299].
American and European fungi identical, [12].
American mycophagists, [8-9], [15].
Antidotes for mushroom poisoning, [62], [67-68].
Ants attacked by fungi, [295].
Asci in fungi, [256].
Ascomycetes, [256].
Asiatic Russia, Amanita dipsomaniacs of, [59].
Bacterium bacillus, [7-8].
Badham, Dr. C. D., quoted, xii., [12-13], [40], [177], [189], [237], [246], [299], [301], [306], [310], [316]. [Bibliography], No. 11, 326.
Baked mushrooms, [311-313].
Basket for gathering mushrooms, [36].
"Beefsteak" mushroom, [11], [27], [213-217], [303];
to cook, [314];
as salad, [319].
Bees and wasps, [36].
Beetles infesting fungi, [37].
Belladonna. See Atropine.
Berkeley, Rev. M. J., variations in Campestris, [40], [91];
quoted, [107], [237], [246], [294], [301]. [Bibliography], Nos. 13 and 16, 326.
Bibliography—
American, [325];
English, [326];
French, [327].
Bitter Boletus, [208].
Blights, [7].
Blue mould, [78].
Blue-stain Boleti, [196].
Boleti, [182-213];
botanical characters of, [181-184], [285];
hawk fed upon, [302];
fritters of, [314];
soup of, [314];
to dry, [321].
Boletus, characters of, [182];
various edible, [10], [26], [182-213];
spore-print of, [285].
Boletus,
—— alveolatus, [183], [201], [208];
—— castaneus, [10];
—— chrysenteron, [195-201];
—— collinitus, [10];
—— cyanescens, [201], [207];
cone-like, [202];
—— edulis, [10], [13], [16], [18], [189-190], [300];
artificial cultivation of, [86];
crimson, [213];
—— elegans, [10];
—— felleus, [207-213];
—— flavidus, [10];
—— granulatus, [10];
—— luteus, [10];
—— satanas, [207-208];
—— scaber, [10], [191-195];
—— subtomentosus, [10], [26], [183], [195];
blue stain of, [196], [201], [207];
—— strobilomyces, [202-207];
spore-print of, [281];
—— versipellis, [10].
Botanical discrimination, [31-32].
—— discrimination of Amanita. See Amanita.
Boudier, Emile. [Bibliography], No. 28, 327.
Bovista nigrescens, [10].
—— plumbea, [10].
Broiled mushrooms, [308].
Bubbola maggiore. See Pasture Mushroom.
Bulbosine, [60].
Campestris. See Agaricus.
Cantharellus,
—— cibarius, [10], [27], [172-178], [300];
—— aurantiacus, [178];
to cook, [310];
drying of, [321].
Caterpillar fungi, [295].
Catsup, Mushroom, [320].
Champignon "Fairy-Ring," [27], [87], [95];
to cook, [309];
dried, [321].
—— Poisonous, [108], [113].
Chantarelle. See Cantharellus.
"Chef à la mode," the, [305].
Chemical analysis of fungi, [14], [302].
Chestnut-burr fungus, [294].
Chestnut tongue. See Fistulina.
Chicken flavor in mushrooms, [303], [316].
Chinese caterpillar fungus, [296].
Cicada fungus, [295].
Classification of fungi, [77-78].
Claudius, Emperor, poisoned, [59].
Clavariei, [231], [247-256].
Clavaria, Various, [10-11];
amethystina, fastigiata, flava,
rugosa, stricta, umbrina, [255];
—— botrytis, [256];
—— formosa, [247];
to cook, [317];
used as salad, [319];
to dry, [322].
Club fungi. See Clavaria.
Cogomelos. See Pasture Mushroom.
Colored plates of the book, [39].
Coniomycetes, [78].
Consommé from mushrooms, [315].
Cooke, Rev. Dr. M. C., [40], [59], [214], [237], [273], [295], [306-307], [313], [315].
[Bibliography], Nos. 12, 16, 17, 326; No. 18, 327.
Cooking fungi, [72], [306-322].
Coprinus, [87];
to dry, [321];
—— atramentarius, [11], [27-28], [161], [163];
—— comatus, [11], [87], [154-160].
Coral fungi. See Clavaria.
Cordier, F. S., [246], [248], [306], [319]. [Bibliography], No. 25, 327.
Correspondents, [2-6].
Cortinarius castaneus, cinnamomeus, violaceus, [11].
Cosmopolitan fungi, [12].
Coulemelle. See Pasture Mushroom.
Crimson Boletus, [213].
Cryptogamia, the, [7].
Crystals on drying fungi, [227].
Culinary "treatment" of fungi, [72], [214], [304].
Cultivation of mushrooms, [85-86]. [Bibliography], No. 8, 325; No. 23, 327.
"Cup," the, in Amanita, [29], [33], [47-48], [57], [74], [273].
Currie, Dr., on Amanita poison, [60].
Curtis, Rev. M. A., pioneer American mycophagist, [9], [32], [40].
Curtis's, Rev. M. A., list of edible mushrooms, [9-12]; quoted, [219], [245], [301], [318]. [Bibliography], No. 1, 325.
Cystidium, the, [77], [256].
Deadly mushrooms and toadstools, [2-3], [43-74].
Deaths by fungi, [43], [61].
Decaying fungi, [6], [25], [30], [278].
Delagrave, C. H. [Bibliography], No. 26, 327.
Desiccation of fungi, [107], [119], [246], [262], [321].
Diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning, [38], [63-68].
Doe-skin mushroom. See Hydnum repandum.
Dried fungi. See Desiccation of fungi.
Dufour, J. Constantin and Leon. [Bibliography], No. 32, 327.
Dust-like fungi, [78].
Economic fungology, [7], [13-14].
Edible Amanitæ, [9], [12], [73].
Edible mushrooms, number of species, [2], [7], [32], [60];
list of, by Curtis, [9-12];
popular tests for identification, [22-23];
become poisonous from contact with Amanita, [70].
Elm mushroom, [10], [26-27], [148-154], [303], [312].
Elvellacei, [231]. See Helvella.
Emetic mushroom. See Russula.
Epicurean perversity, [72].
European and American fungi identical, [12].
European mycologists, [14], [326-327].
Fairy-ring mushroom, [95], [101-108];
cause of "ring," [102], [107];
recipes for cooking, [107-108];
false or poisonous, [108], [113].
False Champignon, [108].
Farlow, W. G. [Bibliography], No. 9, 326.
"Fish mushroom," [154], [303], [312].
Fistulina hepatica, [11], [26-27], [213], [299], [303];
to cook, [314];
as salad, [319].
Fly, Fungus attacking, [295].
Fly-poison, Amanita, [27], [51-52], [72].
See Amanita muscarius.
Food, Fungi as, [8], [13-15], [35], [221], [245], [299-323].
"Foxfire," [227].
France, Fungus-eaters of, [14].
Fried mushrooms, [313-318].
Fries, Fungologist, [268].
Fritters of fungi, [314], [318].
Fungi. See, also, Toadstools, Mushrooms, and Moulds.
—— by mail, [4-5].
—— Chemical constituents of, [14], [302].
—— Classification of, [77-78].
—— Common tests for "Edible," and their reputation, [17-21], [24-29].
—— Coral. See Clavaria.
—— Crystals on, [227].
—— Cultivation of, [85], [88]. [Bibliography], No. 8, 325; No. 23, 327.
—— Desiccation of, [119], [246], [262], [301], [310], [321].
—— Economic, [7], [13].
—— Edible. See Agaricus Boletus, Clavarei, Fistulina, Helvella, Morel, Mushroom, and Puff-balls.
—— Fastidiousness in vegetation, [86-88], [294].
—— Gill-bearing (Agarics), [78], [178].
—— Hawk fed upon, [302].
—— Hygrometric properties of, [119].
—— Insects infesting, [25], [29], [34], [36-38], [135].
—— List of works on, [325].
—— Medical, [277].
—— Menu for fungus repast, [323].
—— Miscellaneous, [231-274].
—— Mycelium, or spawn, of, [44-45], [77], [85], [88], [92], [107].
—— Number of species of, [6], [30], [60].
—— on caterpillars and chrysalids, [295].
—— on chestnut-burr, [294].
—— on house-fly, [295].
—— opposed to cultivation, [86-88].
—— Ornamental forms of, [227].
—— Phosphorescent, [227].
—— Physiological features of, [15].
—— Poisoning by, [2], [15], [29];
diagnosis and treatment, [37];
remedies, [38-39];
intoxication from, [59];
antidotes, [62], [67-68];
report of poisoning case, [63-66];
poisoning by contact and odor, [69];
edible species inoculated by contact, [70].
—— Popular distrust of, [15], [21].
—— Rapid decay of, [6], [25], [30].
—— Raw, eaten as salad, [248], [319].
—— Recipes for cooking, [306-319].
—— simulating animal food, [15], [30], [302].
—— Spores and Spore-print of, [277-296].
—— Study of, [7].
—— traditions and superstitions, [22-23].
—— Vegetation of, [44], [47], [85-92], [107], [294].
—— Whims of habitat of, [294].
Fungologists, Amateur, safe rules for, [33].
Fungus food in Europe and America, [8], [13-15], [35], [299].
—— gnats, flies, and beetles, [37].
Gasteromycetes, [78].
Gathering mushrooms, Rules for, [35-36].
Gautier, Dr. M. L., [62]. [Bibliography], No. 29, 327.
Germany, Fungus-eaters in, [14].
Gill-bearing mushrooms, [75-178].
Gnats infesting fungi, [37].
Greville, R. R. [Bibliography], No. 19, 327.
"Grubs" in fungi, [25], [29], [34], [36-38], [135].
Harkness, Dr. H. W., [32], [245], [310]. [Bibliography], No. 5, 325.
Hawk fed upon Boleti, [302].
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, allusion to fungus phosphorescence, [228].
Hay, William D. [Bibliography], Nos. 20, 21, 327.
Heat destroys poison, [29], [72].
Hedgehog mushroom. See Hydnum.
Helvella crispa, [11], [231],

[261-262];
other species, [11];
recipes for cooking, [262], [316];
to dry, [322].
Historical fungi, [43], [59-60].
Hogg, Robert, LL.D. [Bibliography], No. 15, 326.
Horse mushroom. See Agaricus arvensis.
House-fly fungus, [295].
Hungarian soup of Boleti, [314].
Hussey, Mrs. T. J., [40], [306], [310-311], [315], [318]. [Bibliography], No. 10, 326.
Hydnei, [231-247];
to cook, [310].
Hydnum, [300], [307];
—— caput-medusæ, [11], [27], [238-243];
—— repandum, [11], [28], [232-238];
—— rufescens, [237-238];
—— coralloides, [245];
—— gelatinosum, [319].
—— Various edible species of, [11];
to cook, [246].
Hygrometric fungus, [119].
Hygrophorus eburneus and pratensis, [11].
Hymenium of fungi, [78].
Hymenomycetes, [78].
Hyphomycetes, [78].
Identification of fungi, [31].
Idiosyncrasy, [30], [61].
Indigestibility of certain species, [30].
Inky mushroom, [28]. See Coprinus.
Insects attacked by fungi, [295].
—— infesting fungi, [25], [29], [34], [36], [38], [135].
Intoxication by Amanita, [59].
Introduction, [ 1].
Italy, Fungus-eaters of, [14], [86].
Jelly-like mushroom, [319].
Johnson, Geo. W. [Bibliography], No. 15, 326.
Kamchatka, Amanita dipsomaniacs of, [59-60].
Ketchup, Mushroom. See Catsup.
Koppe, Dr., on Amanita poison, [60].
Lactarius, Poisonous, [61].
Lactarius, Various edible species of, [11];
—— deliciosus, [28], [166-171], [300], [311];
—— piperatus, [28], [171];
—— volemum, [171].
Lambs' kidneys, Flavor of, in fungi, [300], [311].
Letters to the author, [ 4].
Liver mushroom. See Fistulina.
Lucand, L. [Bibliography], No. 30, 327.
Luminous fungi, [227].
Lycoperdaceæ, [267].
Lycoperdon. See Puff-ball.
—— bovista, [11].
—— structure of, [270].
Mailing fungus specimens, [ 4].
Marasmius,
—— scorodoneus, [11];
—— oreades, [11], [101-108];
—— urens, [108-111];
—— peronatus, [109-113].
McIlvaine, Captain Charles, [32];
rule regarding edibility of fungi, [35];
diagnosis and treatment of mushroom poisoning, [39-40], [62];
fastidiousness of fungi, [86], [184], [208]. [Bibliography], No. 6, 325.
Meadow Mushroom. See Agaricus campestris.
Medical and Surgical Reporter quoted, [62].
Medusa Mushroom. See Hydnum.
Menu of mushrooms, [323].
Microbes, [ 7].
Microscopic fungi, [ 7].
Mildew, [ 7], [78].
Milky mushroom. See Lactarius.
Miscellaneous fungi, [231-274].
Mock oyster soup, [306].
Moore, Justin P. [Bibliography], No. 5. 325.
Moniteur Scientifique, quotation from, [61].
Morchella esculenta. See Morel.
—— caroliniana, [12].
Morel, [12], [231], [256];
to cook, [316];
to dry, [322].
Mortality in mushroom poisoning, [43].
Moss-mushroom, [245].
"Mother," [ 7].
Moulds, [ 7], [78].
Moyen, J. [Bibliography], No. 31, 327.
"Muscarine" poison, [60].
"Mushroom" and "Toadstool," [16-21].
Mushrooms. See Toadstools, Agaricus, Boletus, Polyporei, Fistulina, and Fungi.
—— à la crème, [308].
—— à la Provençal, [308].
—— Analysis of, [289-291].
—— Baked, [311-313].
—— Basket for, [36].
—— [Bibliography], No. 8, 325; No. 23, 327.
—— Broiled, [308].
—— by mail, [ 4].
—— catsup, [320].
—— Chemical nature of, [14], [61].
—— Chestnut-burr, [294].
—— Classification of, [77-78].
—— Cosmopolitan types of, [12].
—— Cultivation of, [85-86]. [Bibliography], No. 23, 327.
—— Drying of, for food, [119], [246], [262], [301], [310], [321].
—— Edible, [ 8], [13-15], [32].
—— Edible species:
plentiful supply of, [13], [35], [303];
Beefsteak, [11], [27];
Coral, see Clavaria;
Elm, [10];
"Fairy-ring," [95], [101];
False Fairy-ring, [108-109];
Horse, [85], [91-95];
Inky, [11], [26], [28], [88];
Meadow, see Agaricus campestris;
Milky, see Lactarius;
Moss, [245];
Oyster, see Agaricus ostreatus;
Pasture, [10], [13], [113];
Russulæ, [119-141];
Spine-bearing, see Hydnum;
St. George's, [95-101].
—— Fastidiousness of most species of, [86], [294].
—— Fried, [313], [317].
—— Fritters of, [314], [317].
—— Insects infesting, [25], [29], [34], [36-38], [135].
—— Large specimens of, [92].
—— List of works on, [325].
—— Menu, [323].
—— Melting. See Coprinus.
—— Milky. See Lactarius.
—— Moss. See Hydnum.
—— Mycelium or spawn of, and vegetation of, [44-45], [77], [85-88], [92], [107].
—— Number of edible species of, [ 2], [ 7], [ 9], [32], [60];
identification of, [ 2], [31];
Curtis's list of, [9-12];
nourishing properties of, [14];
chemical simulation of animal food by, [15], [30], [302];
popular tests for detecting, [22-23];
refutation of same, [24-29];
desiccation of, [119], [321];
recipes for cooking, [306-322].
—— Number of general species of, [ 6].
—— Pickled, [319].
—— pie, [312].
—— Poisonous species of, [ 2], [15], [17], [43-74];
deadly species of, [ 2], [15], [43-74];
poison by contact with, [30], [69];
vinegar, sweet oil, and whiskey, [39];
diagnosis and treatment of poisoning, [39], [63-66];
historical poisoning by, [43], [59-60];
fatalities from, [43], [61];
intoxication from, [59-60];
poison discriminated, [61];
antidotes, [62], [67-68];
report of a poisoning case, [63-66];
harmless mushrooms inoculated from poisonous, [70];
salt, vinegar, and heat, [29], [39], [71-72].
See, also, Amanita, Russula emetica, Boletus, and False Champignon.
—— Rapid decay of, [ 6], [25], [30].
—— Roast, [311].
—— Rules for gathering, [36], [70].
—— Rural authorities on, [16-22].
  —— salad, [319].
—— soup, [306-307], [323].
—— spawn. See Mycelium.
—— spores. See Spores and Spore-prints.
—— Stewed, [307-311], [315-317].
—— tube. See Polyporei.
—— Testing new species of, for edibility, [33].
—— Whims of habitat of, [294].
Mycetes fungi, [77].
Mycology and mycophagy, [3-4], [7-8].
—— Medical and economic, [7-8], [13-15], [35], [277].
Mycophagists of America, [8-9].
—— Amateur, safe rules for, [38].
Nero, [59]; poisonous mushrooms used by, [43].
Night, Fungi luminous by, [227].
Nourishing properties of mushrooms, [14].
Oak-tongue fungus. See Fistulina.
Odor of Amanita poisonous, [69].
Omelet, Mushroom, [277-278], [318].
Orcella, Agaric, [300].
Oyster mushroom, [10], [26-27], [141-148];
to cook, [303], [311], [315].
flavor in fungi, [237], [247], [300], [303], [307], [310], [312].
Pachyma cocos, [11].
Palmer, Julius A., quoted:
"Silver test," [25], [32], [40];
on Amanita poison, [61], [69-71], [184], [207];
on mushroom food, [303], [306], [311]. [Bibliography], Nos. 2, 3, 325.>
Pasture, or parasol, mushroom, [ 9], [13], [80], [113].
Paulet, [306], [314].
Paxillus involutus, [11].
Payer, J. [Bibliography], No. 27, 327.
Peck, Prof. Charles H., [32], [40], [182], [237], [246]. [Bibliography], No. 4, 325.
Persoon, [306], [316].
Phosphorescence in fungi, [227].
Pickled mushrooms, [319].
Pie of mushrooms, [312], [315].
Plates of the book, [39].
Pliny on mushroom "tests," [25];
on poisonous mushrooms, [43], [59];
on edible mushrooms, [298].
Poison-cup. See Amanita.
Poison of Amanita, [43], [61];
antidote, [68];
poisoning by contact and odor, [69].
Poisoning by fungi:
Diagnosis and treatment, [38], [63], [68];
vinegar as an antidote, [38], [71];
antidote, [62], [68];
Amanita, [ 2], [15], [43-74];
poisonous species identified, [ 2], [15], [61];
popular poison "tests" refuted, [17], [21-29];
poisoning by contact, [30], [69].
Poisons, fatal and minor, [ 2], [15], [17], [29-30], [61].
Polyporei, [78], [181-228];
to dry, [321].
Polyporus, various edible species of, [11];
—— sulphureus, [11], [219], [303];
to cook, [316];
botanical character of, [181-184], [285].
Popular discrimination between "toadstool" and "mushroom," [16-22];
popular distrust of fungi, [15].
Pore-bearing mushrooms. See Boletus, Polyporei, and Fistulina.
Procerus mushroom, [10];
pie of, [312].
Puff-ball fungi, [11], [13], [27], [78], [231], [267], [299];
gemmatum, [268];
saccatum, [268];
giganteum, [268], [318];
dissemination of spores of, [268], [277-280];
medical use of, [277];
as food, [277], [318];
to cook, [318].
"Punk," [37], [181].
Purée of mushrooms, [307].
Ragoût of mushrooms, [309], [316].
Ravenel, H. W. [Bibliography], No. 7, 325.
Recipes for cooking fungi, [72], [306-322].
"Ring" in mushrooms, [48], [85], [95].
Robinson, W., [306], [312-313]. [Bibliography], No. 23, 327.
Roques, Joseph, [237], [306], [310-311]. [Bibliography], No. 24, 327.
Rove-beetles infesting fungi, [37].
Rules for the venturesome, [33].
Russia, Fungus-eaters in, [14];
fly Amanita in, [29].
Russula, [12-13], [18], [26], [28];
—— lepida, [12], [127];
—— alutacea, [12], [133];
—— virescens, [12], [88], [120], [300];
—— emetica, [25], [27-28], [61], [120], [122], [136-141];
—— heterophylla, [134], [300];
—— ruber, [300].
Russulæ, [119];
opposed to cultivation of, [88];
insects infesting, [135];
to bake, [311];
as salad, [319];
to dry, [321].
Rust, [ 7].
Rustic fungology, [18-22].
Salad of mushrooms, [319].
Salt as an antidote, [39], [72].
"Salt test" of mushrooms, [23], [29].
Scaly mushrooms. See Amanita, Agaricus procerus, and Boletus strobiloides.
Schmiedeberg, Dr., on Amanita poison, [60].
"Scotch Bonnet." See Agaricus procerus.
"Sep." See Boletus edulis.
"Seven Sisters of Sleep," by Rev. Dr. M. C. Cooke, [59].
Shadle, Dr. J. E., [62].
Shaggy-mane mushrooms, [11], [13]; See Coprinus comatus.
rustic appreciation of, [19], [27-28].
"Shroud" in Amanita, [48].
Silver, Discoloration of, as a "test," [23].
Smith, Worthington T., [40], [306-307], [309], [314]. [Bibliography], No. 14, 326.
Smuts, [ 7].
Socket in Amanita. See Volva.
Soufflé of puff-balls, [318].
Sparassis,
—— crispa, [12];
—— luminosa, [12].
"Spawn," or mycelium, of fungi, [44-45], [77], [80], [85-88], [92], [107].
Specimens by mail, [ 5].
Spiders attacked by fungi, [295].
Spine-bearing mushrooms, [11], [27]. See Hydnum.
Spore-prints from mushrooms, [44], [277-296];
from Amanita muscarius, [287], [289];
from Boletus, [285], [287];
from Agaricus campestris, [283].
Spore surface, or hymenium, [78], [182].
Spores of fungi, [79], [87], [182], [268], [277-296];
number of, [279];
buoyancy of, [278-293];
various colors of, [287];
various forms of, [293].
Sporidiifera, [77], [231], [256].
Sporifera, [77-78], [231], [256].
Staphylinus beetles infesting mushrooms, [37].
Stevenson, John. [Bibliography], No. 22, 327.
Stew of fungi, [307-311], [315-317].
St. George's mushroom, [95-101].
Strobilomyces, [202].
Styptic, Puff-balls used as, [277].
Sulphur mushroom, [219], [303];
to cook, [316];
as a salad, [319].
"Sweetbreads" in fungi, [300], [303].
Sweet-oil treatment for mushroom poisoning, [39].
Taylor, Thomas M. [Bibliography], No. 8, 325.
Teeth-bearing mushrooms. See Hydnum.
Tertullian on toadstools, [17].
Testing new species for edibility, [33].
"Tests" or "proofs" for the detection of poisonous species, [17], [21-29].
Therapeutic Gazette, quotation from, [39].
Thore, Dr., quoted, [86].
Thread-like fungi, [78].
"Tinder," [37], [181].
"Toadstool" and "Mushroom,"

[16-21], [36];
popular discrimination of, [16-24];
popular tests for their discrimination and their refutation, [17-22], [24-29];
See Mushroom, Fungi, Agaricus, Amanita,Boletus, Polyporei, Morel, Clavaria, Helvella.
"Toadstools," [181].
"Touchwood," [37], [181].
Tremella mesenterica, [12].
Tremelodon gelatinosum, [319].
Trichogastres, [231]. See Puff-balls.
Tube mushrooms. See Polyporei, Boletus, and Fistulina.
Vegetarian, Menu for the, [304], [323].
Veil in mushrooms, [48], [60], [85].
Vigier, Dr., on Amanita poison, [60].
Vinegar as an antidote for mushroom poisoning, [39], [71].
Vitadini, [318].
Volva in Amanita, Importance of, in classification, [29], [33], [48], [77].
Warty mushrooms. See Amanita, Pasture Mushroom, and Strobylomyces.
Wasps and bees, [36].
Fungus attacking, [295].
Whiskey in mushroom poisoning, [39].
Wormy specimens of fungi, [25], [30], [34], [36-38], [135].