BORAGE FAMILY. BORAGINACEAE.
Fig 149. [Hound's Tongue. Cynoglossum officinale] L.
![[Hound's Tongue. Cynoglossum officinale]](#1525880611323293367_fig-149.jpg.id-3750085985747629381.wrap-0.html.html){kind=link}
Hound's Tongue. Cynoglossum officinale L. Flowers reddish purple; ovary brown deeply 4-lobed separating into four achenes, 5–7 mm. long, flattened, broadly ovate or circular, excepting a slight extension at one end, lower side having an ovate scar, nearly half as long as the achenes, all the rest of the surface clothed with straight, stiff, cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides. Introduced from Europe. Very objectionable in pastures.
Fig 150. [Stick-Seed. Burr Seed. Lappula echinata] Gilibert. Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst.
![[Stick-Seed. Burr Seed. Lappula echinata]](#1525880611323293367_fig-150.jpg.id-6809227322401959812.wrap-0.html.html){kind=link}
Stick-Seed. Burr Seed. Lappula echinata Gilibert. Lappula Lappula (L.) Karst. Flowers blue, ovary deeply 4-lobed separating into four warty achenes, each one brown, about 2.5 mm. long, slightly flattened, ovate with wedge-shaped apex; the upper side bearing a few stiff straight, diverging cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides; lower side destitute of hairs, bearing a straight ridge from the point to the middle of the large end. Introduced from Europe. Very objectionable in pastures.
Fig 151. [Wild Comfrey. Lappula Virginiana] (L.) Greene.
![[Wild Comfrey. Lappula Virginiana]](#1525880611323293367_fig-151.jpg.id-8341168367137676552.wrap-0.html.html){kind=link}
Wild Comfrey. Lappula Virginiana (L.) Greene. Flowers blue; ovary deeply 4-lobed separating into four brown achenes, about 3 mm. long, flattened on upper side, broadly ovate, the apex wedge-shaped, the upper side clothed with stiff straight cap-shaped hairs, bearded on all sides; lower side a low 4-sided cone, nearly smooth with a concave triangular scar. Native to rich woodlands.
Fig 152. [Red Root. Wheat Thief. Corn Gromwell. Lithospermum arvense] L.
![[Red Root. Wheat Thief. Corn Gromwell. Lithospermum arvense]](#1525880611323293367_fig-152.jpg.id-2827846241699311209.wrap-0.html.html){kind=link}
Red Root. Wheat Thief. Corn Gromwell. Lithospermum arvense L. Flowers white; ovary 4-divided separating into four hard, conical-ovoid achenes, each dull gray, erect, wrinkled, 2.5–3 mm. long, convex on the back, keeled on the inner side, base obliquely truncate, containing two minute white tubercles. A prominent weed of high rank in fields of winter wheat.