APPENDICES.
[APPENDIX No. 1.]
Note by Rev. J. O. W. Haweis on the rowing of ancient Galleys.
On a fine summer evening, when the author was seated beneath the tall elm-trees which overshadow his residence at Shepperton, on the banks of the Thames, he had the pleasure of a visit, accompanied by the Rector of the parish, from the Rev. J. O. W. Haweis, of Colwood, Crawley, in the county of Sussex. The author at the moment was in the midst of various calculations, endeavouring to solve the vexed problem of how the galleys of the ancients were rowed. As Mr. Haweis took an interest in scientific pursuits, he handed to him for consideration the notes he had made on the subject of rowing galleys, calling his attention to the fact that all ancient authors had spoken of the operation as being accompanied by the sound of music. Curious to know how a gentleman of his turn of mind would deal with the question, the author requested to be favoured with Mr. Haweis’s views on the subject under consideration. The following notes and illustrations are the result. Though he does not think they solve the problem, or would be applicable to the various descriptions of ancient galleys of which accounts have been preserved, they are sufficiently novel and ingenious as to be worthy of preservation.
“I merely propose,” remarks Mr. Haweis, “a possible quinquereme, which I imagine might be practically navigated. I am well aware that there is no reason to suppose it the actual plan of any ancient galley. The two sketches will explain themselves.
“I assume the interior breadth as from 27 to 30 feet at the largest part.
“The highest rowlock as 9 feet, the lowest 3 feet from water-line.
“The interior fittings waterproof to the height of 6 feet.
“The lower and second rowlocks, closeable at will by the rower drawing a plug from without, as the rising sea makes them useless.
“The disposition of rowlocks would thus be, for a set:—
I cannot find any other way in which to avoid collisions.
“The oars are 9 feet, 13 feet, 18 feet, 24 feet 6 inches, and 35 feet. The long oars have handles thus:—
and feather in reverse, by the pusher dropping his hands, and so helping to recover the puller.
“Any two of these oars might be pulled in time with that next above or below it without much inconvenience, but the loss of power in thus working 1 and 5 would be enormous.
“Let 5 and 4 pull together to beat of drum; four strokes and returns to eight beats—
“Let 3 pull two strokes and returns—
“Let 2 keep time with 3, the men advancing and retreating two steps.
“Let 1 take four steps forward in the two bars, and return in the same time.
“Thus all commence the stroke together; 2 and 3 renew the impulse at the bar; 4 and 5 do the same at half-bar.
“The beat of drum would be accented thus:—
“Thus all would work together, and each man have the beginning of his stroke marked.
“There might be also a deck or gangway on each side for the protection of the men from sun and rain.
“Very large sweeps were exhibited as in actual use in the Exhibition of 1851, if I remember right.
“From some rude experiments with fir poles, I think 35-feet oars could be efficiently handled.
“The lower tiers would ship first, and the hands assist the upper.
“These are mere notions; but if they should be new to you, I shall be glad I entertained them.”
[APPENDIX No. 2.]
Ordinances made by King Richard to be observed among seafaring men, A.D. 1190, in the second year of his reign.
Sleigers of men.
“Firste, that if any man chanced to slea another on the Shipbord he should be bound to the deed body and soe throwen into the sea.
“Secondly, if he killed him on land he should yett be bound to him as before, and soe buryed quicke, together.
Brauling.
“Thirdly, if any man should be convicted by lawfull witnesse that he drewe any weapon to strike any other, or chanced, by striking of any man, to drawe blood of him that was smitten, he should loose his hand.
The punishment for blood drawing.
“Fourthly, if he give but a blowe with his fist, without bloodsheddinge, he should be plunged three severall tymes over head and eares in water.
Revilers.
“Fiftly, if any man reviled another he should for every tyme soe missusinge himselfe forfeit an ounce of silver.
Thefte and Pickerry.
“Sixtely, if any man were taken with thefte or pickerye, and thereof konuicted, he should have his head poolled and hot pitche powred upon his pate and upon that the feathers of some pillowe or cushione shaken aloft, that he might thereby be knowne for a theefe, and at the next arrivall of the shipps to any land, be put forth of the Company to seeke his adventure without all hope to retourne to his fellowes.”[768]
[APPENDIX No. 3]
A Mandate for the King of Norway, in favour of his ship the Cogge.
“Anno Domini 1229, 13th year of Henry III.
“Wee will and command all bailliffes of Portes att the which the Cogge of Norway (wherein certain of the King of Norway, his souldiers, and certayne Marchants of Saxonie, are cominge for England) shall touche, that when the forsaid Cogge shall chance to arrive att any of there hauens, they doe permitt the said Cogge safely to remayne in ther said hauens, soe long as need shall require, and without impedimente alsoe freely to deperte thence whensoever the governair of the said Shipp shall thinke it expediente.
“Witnesse the Kinge.”[769]
[APPENDIX No. 4.]
New Charter of the Liberties of the Cinque Ports, confirmed in the time of King Edward, son of King Henry (Edward I., A.D. 1272-1307).
“Edward, by the grace of God, King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine, to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, Earls, Barons, Justiciaries, Sheriffs, Provosts, Officers, and all Bailiffs and his lieges health, Know ye that we, for the faithful service which our Barons of the Cinque Ports have rendered heretofore to our predecessors Kings of England and to us lately in our army of Wales, and for the service to us and our heirs Kings of England faithfully to be continued for the future, have granted and by this our Charter have confirmed for us and our heirs to the same our Barons and their heirs all their liberties and quittances, so that they may be quit of all duty [thelonium] and from all custom, viz.: from all lastage, tallage, passage, cayage, rivage, sponsage, and from all wrekke, and from all their selling, buying, and redeeming [rechato] through all our land and dominion with soc and sac and thol and theam; and that they may have infangenethef; and that they may be Wrekfri and Wytefri and lastagefri and lovetopfri; and that they may have Den and stronde at Gernemuthe, according as it is contained in an ordinance by us made to that end, and to be observed perpetually; and moreover that they may be quit from shires and hundreds, so that if any shall wish to plead against them, they may not answer nor plead otherwise than they were wont to plead in the time of the Lord Henry the King, our great-grandsire; and that they may have their findings in sea and on land; and that they may be quit of all their property and of all their markets like as our free men; and that they may have their honours in our court and their liberties through all our land whithersoever they shall have come; and that for all their lands which they possessed in the time of the Lord Henry the King, our father, namely, in the year of his reign the forty-fourth, they may be quit for ever of common summonses before our Justiciaries for whatever pleas itinerant in whatever counties of this land they may be; so that the same may not be bound to come before the Justiciaries aforesaid unless any of the same Barons should implead any one or be impleaded by any one; and that they may not plead elsewhere except where they ought and where they were wont, namely, at Shypwey; and that they may have the liberties and quittances aforesaid for the future as they themselves and their predecessors have ever held them better more fully and more honourably in the times of the Kings of England—Edward, William the First, and Second, King Henry, our great-grandsire, and in the times of King Richard and King John, our grandsire, and of the Lord Henry the King, our father, by Charters of the same, like as those Charters, which the same our Barons have to that effect, and which we have inspected, reasonably testify. And we prohibit that any should unjustly disturb them or their market on pain of forfeiture of ten pounds; so however that when the same Barons shall have failed in doing and receiving justice, our Warden, and the Warden of our heirs of the Cinque ports for the time being, may enter their ports and liberties in their default for the purpose of doing full justice therein; so also that the said Barons and their heirs do to us and our heirs, Kings of England, by the year their full service of fifty and seven ships at their own cost for fifteen days at the summons of us and our heirs. We have granted moreover to the same of our special grace that they may have outfangenethef in their lands within the ports aforesaid in the same manner as the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls, and Barons have in their manors in the county of Kent; and that they be not put in assizes of juries or in any recognitions by reason of their forinsec tenure against their will; and that concerning their own wines, in which they traffic, they may be quit of our right prise [recta prisa], viz., one cask of wine before the mast and another behind the mast. We have granted moreover to the same our Barons for ourselves and our heirs that they may have for ever this liberty, namely, that neither we nor our heirs shall have wardship or marriages of their heirs by reason of their lands which they hold within the liberties and ports aforesaid, for which they do their service aforesaid, and of which neither we nor our predecessors have had wardship or marriages in times past. The aforesaid our confirmation however of liberties and quittances aforesaid, and other our grants following, we have caused to be made to them anew of our special grace, saving always in all things our Royal dignity, and saving to us and our heirs the pleas of our crown of life and limbs. Wherefore we will and firmly command for ourselves and our heirs that the aforesaid Barons and their heirs have for ever all the liberties and quittances aforesaid, as the Charters aforesaid reasonably testify; and that of our special grace they have utfangenethef in their lands within the ports aforesaid in the same manner as the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Earls, and Barons have in their manors in the county of Kent; and that they be not put in assizes of juries or in any recognitions by reason of their forinsec tenure against their will; and that concerning their own wines, in which they traffic, they may be quit of our right prise, viz., one cask of wine before the mast and another behind the mast; and that in like manner they have for ever the liberty aforesaid, viz., that neither we nor our heirs have wardship or marriage of their heirs by reason of their lands which they hold within the liberties and ports aforesaid, for which they do their service aforesaid, and of which neither we nor our predecessors have had wardship or marriages in times past. The aforesaid our confirmation however of the liberties and quittances aforesaid and other our grants following we have caused to be made to them anew of our special grace saving always in all things our Royal dignity, and saving to us and our heirs the pleas of the crown of life and limbs, as is aforesaid. These being Witnesses, the Venerable Father Robert [Kilwarby], Bishop of Porto, Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church, William de Valentia [Valence], our uncle, brother William de Southampton, Prior provincial of Friars Preachers in England, Roger de Mortuomari [Mortimer], Roger de Clifford, Master Walter Scamel, Dean of Sarum, Master Robert de Scardeburg, Archdeacon of the East Riding, Bartholomew de Suthleye, Thomas de Weylond, Walter de Hopton, Thomas de Normanville, Stephen de Penecestre, Francis de Bouene, John de Louetot, John de Metyngham, and others. Given by our hand at Westminster the seventeenth day of June in the sixth year of our reign [1278].”[770]
[APPENDIX No. 5.]
Account of the Freights and of the Wages of the Sailors of the ships of Edward I. in divers fleets at divers ports, assembled as well for the passage of the King to Flanders as also for the Duchess of Brabant, &c.
| £ | s. | d. | |
| Ships carrying wheat to Gascony. To Ralph de Aldeburgh, Master of the ship called “The Rose,” of Lenna (Lynn ?), loading in the same ship of his own for Gascony for the assistance of the king’s army there, viz., as far as Burgh-on-the-sea, 428½ quarters of wheat from the port of Herewich, and for the freight of the same ship by way of expenses for it and the crew of the same ship, going and returning, paid into his own hands at Herewich, 30th December | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| To William Helmyn, Master of “La Mariola,” of Lenna, freighted in the same manner, from Herewich to Burgh-on-the-sea with 428½ quarters, &c. | 15 | 0 | 0 |
| Ipswich. To William Brum, Master of the “Virly,” of Ipswich, one constable, 48 crew, for wages from Jan. 12 to Feb. 2, 22 days inclusive | 14 | 6 | 0 |
| The galley of Lenna. To Walter de Fordham, Master of the Galley of Lenna, two constables, and 87 crew for wages from Dec. 30, when they set sail from Lenna for Herewich [Harwich], to Feb. 2, 25 days inclusive; the Master and each constable 6d., each sailor 3d. per diem | 40 | 13 | 9 |
| To the same Walter for the payment of a Lodman [pilot], hired to conduct the same galley to Brabant | 13 | 4 |
The principal places of embarcation are Gernemuth (Yarmouth), Bautreseie, Gippewicus (Ipswich), Haveford (Haverfordwest), Herewicus (Harwich), Schottele, Everwarton, Colneseie, Brithlingesei, Meresei (Mersey), Lim (Lyme?), Loo in Cornwall, Portesmuth, Sandwich, La Stroude, Saltcote, London, Hardeburgh.
| f. 89 b. A lantern bought. To Robert Le Horner for one large Lantern bought of the same, to hang in the ship assigned to the Duchess of Brabant for her passage to Brabant by precept of the king, that the other ships may be able to follow her in the sea at night | 10s. | 0d. |
| Pilot for the King’s body. To John Jolif of Sandwich, Pilot (Lodman), leading the ship called “The Coga of St. Edward,” in which the body of the king passed over from Winchelsey to La Swyne, in his fleet for Flanders, paid into his own hands at Bruges on the 3rd of September | 26s. | 8d. |
Then follows a long list of the ships carrying victuals to Gascony and Flanders, with their names, quantities carried, masters and crews’ names, &c.; as for example:
| To John de Barewe, Master of the “Alice,” carrying 12 barrels flour, 209½ quarters of oats, 23 carcases of beef, wages for himself and six men for 14 days | 28s. |
The names of the ships are interesting as:—La Messagere, La Plente, La Mariole, La Godyer, La Seefare, La Stoule, La Blithe, Le Lionu, La Grace Dieu, La Fankonu of Carmarthen, La Sauueye, La Johanette, Coga St. Thomas, La Mariote, La Furmente, La Viryly, the Hulks of the Blessed Mary, La Constance; many names of Sts., Andrew, Peter, Catherine, Mary, the Trinity, St. Cross, &c., &c.
f. 96. A long account of the passage of the ships at Plymouth for Gascony, arranged under the following ports:—Warham, Weymuth, Exemuth, Tegnemuth, Dertemuth, Loo, Fowy, Briggewater, Bristoll’, Houue, Seford, Shorham, Portesmuth, Southhampton and Hamele, Lemyngton, Yaremuth, Pole, Warham, Weymuth, Lym (Lyme Regis), Sidemuth, Exemuth, Tenemuth, Dertemuth, Plymuth, Loo, Fowy, Kermerdyn, (Carmarthen), Briggewater, Chepstowe, Hertelpol, Ireland, Scardeburgh, Lenne, Blakeneye, Scotesmuth, Holan, Thornham, Jernemuth, Donewycus (Dunwich), Oreford, Goseford, Gippewycus (Ipswich), Herewycus (Harwich), Orewell, Colecestre, Sandwycus, Dovorria, Faversham, Folkstan, Heth’, Romenale, Rye, Winchelsey, Hastinges, Pevenese, Seford, Baiona (Bayonne), Weymuth, Tegnemuth, Dertemuth.
f. 103. Wages of the sailors at Sandwich in the same year for the fleet of ships for the passage of Robert Fitz-Payn, and his countess to Flanders, arranged under ports with similar names to the above. These additional ones also occur: Gravelinges, Karnarvan (Carnarvon).
Sum total of the wages of the Sailors, £5586 19s. 3d.
[APPENDIX No. 6]
Ships of Edward III. at Calais.
| MS. Harl. 246, f. 12b. | MS. Harl. 3968, f. 130. | ||||
| The number of Shippes and marynersthat served Kinge Edw. 3 in thesewarres. | The rolle of the huge ffleete of E. 3before Callice to be seene in theKinges great Gardrobe in London,whereby appeareth the wonderfullstrengthe of England by sea in thosedayes. | ||||
| The Sowthe Fleete. | The Southe Fleet. | ||||
| Shippes. | Maryners. | Shippes. | Marryners. | ||
| The Kinge | 25 | 419 | The King’s | 25 | 419 |
| London | 25 | 662 | London | 25 | 662 |
| Ayleforde | 2 | 24 | Ailford | 2 | 24 |
| Hoo | 2 | 24 | Hoo alias Morne | 2 | 24 |
| Maydestone | 2 | 51 | Maidston | 2 | 51 |
| Hope | 2 | 59 | Sandwich | 22 | 504 |
| Margate | 15 | 160 | Dover | 16 | 336 |
| Nonehethe | 5 | 49 | Wighte | 13 | 220 |
| Montormont | 2 | 23 | Winchelsey | 21 | 596 |
| Feversham | 2 | 53 | Waymouth | 15 | 263 |
| Sandwiche | 22 | 504 | Lyme | 4 | 62 |
| Dover | 16 | 334 | Seton | 2 | 25 |
| Wighte | 13 | 220 | Sidmouth | 3 | 62 |
| Wynchelsey | 21 | 396 | Hope | 2 | 59 |
| Waymouthe | 15 | 263 | Newhith | 5 | 49 |
| Lyme | 4 | 62 | Margat | 15 | 160 |
| Seton | 2 | 25 | Morne vel Morne | 2 | 22 |
| Sydmowthe | 3 | 62 | Feversham | 2 | 25 |
| Exmowthe | 10 | 193 | Exmouth | 10 | 293 |
| Tegmouthe | 7 | 120 | Tegmouth | 7 | 120 |
| Dertmowthe | 32 | 756 | Dartmouth | 31 | 757 |
| Portesmowthe | 5 | 96 | Plymouth | 26 | 603 |
| Plymowthe | 26 | 603 | Loo | 20 | 315 |
| Loo | 20 | 315 | Yalme | 2 | 47 |
| Yalme | 2 | 47 | Fowey | 47 | 770 |
| Fowey | 47 | 770 | Bristoll | 22 | 608 |
| Brystoll | 22 | 608 | Tenmouth | 2 | 25 |
| Tenmowthe | 2 | 25 | Hastinge | 5 | 96 |
| Haltinge | 5 | 96 | Romney | 4 | 65 |
| Romner | 4 | 65 | |||
| MS. Harl. 246, f. 13. | MS. Harl. 3968, f. 130b. | ||||
| Rye | 9 | 156 | Rye | 9 | 156 |
| Hythe | 6 | 122 | Hithe | 6 | 122 |
| Shoram | 20 | 329 | Shoreham | 20 | 39 |
| Soforde | 5 | 80 | Soforde alias Seforde | 5 | 80 |
| Newmowthe | 2 | 18 | Newmouthe | 2 | 18 |
| Hannilhoke | 7 | 117 | Hamowlhook | 7 | 117 |
| Hoke | 11 | 208 | Hoke | 11 | 208 |
| Sowthampton | 21 | 576 | Southampton | 21 | 576 |
| Leymingeton | 9 | 159 | Lemyngton | 9 | 159 |
| Poole | 4 | 94 | Poole | 4 | 94 |
| Warham | 3 | 59 | Warham | 3 | 59 |
| Swansey | 1 | 29 | Swanzey | 1 | 29 |
| Ilfrecombe | 6 | 79 | Ilfrecoombe | 6 | 79 |
| Poterikstowe | 2 | 27 | Padstowe alias Patrickstowe | 2 | 27 |
| Polerwan | 1 | 60 | Polerwan | 1 | 60 |
| Wadworthe | 1 | 14 | Wadworth | 1 | 14 |
| Kerdiffe | 1 | 51 | Kardiffe | 1 | 51 |
| Bridgewater | 1 | 15 | Bridgwater | 1 | 15 |
| Carmarthen | 1 | 16 | Caermarthen | 1 | 16 |
| Colechesworth | 1 | 12 | Cailchworth | 1 | 12 |
| Mulbroke | 1 | 12 | Mulbrook | 1 | 12 |
| Some of the Sowthe Fleete: | Shippes: | ||||
| Shippes | 473 | The totall of the Shippes of the South Fleet are | 467 | ||
| Maryners | 9307 | Maryners: | |||
| The totall of the Maryners of the same South Fleet are | 9205 | ||||
| MS. Harl. 246, f. 13b. | MS. Harl. 3968, f. 131. | ||||
| The Northe Fleet. | The North Fleet. | ||||
| Bamburghe | 1 | 9 | Bamburgh | 1 | 9 |
| Newcaster | 27 | 314 | Walerich | 1 | 12 |
| Wolriche | 1 | 12 | Hartilpoole | 5 | 145 |
| Hertilpoole | 5 | 145 | Hull | 16 | 466 |
| Hulle | 16 | 466 | Ravenser | 1 | 27 |
| Yorke | 1 | 9 | Yorke | 1 | 9 |
| Ravenser | 1 | 27 | Woodhouse | 1 | 22 |
| Wodhowse | 1 | 12 | Stockhith | 1 | 10 |
| Storkehithe | 1 | 10 | Barton | 3 | 30 |
| Barton | 3 | 30 | Swyneflete | 1 | 11 |
| Swynfleete | 1 | 11 | Saltfleete | 2 | 49 |
| Saltfleete | 2 | 49 | Grymesby | 11 | 171 |
| Grymsbye | 11 | 171 | Waynfleet | 2 | 49 |
| Portsmouth | 5 | 96 | Waynefleete | 2 | 49 |
| Lemyce | 19 | 382 | Wrangle | 1 | 8 |
| Blackney | 2 | 38 | Newcastle | 17 | 314 |
| Scarborowghe | 1 | 19 | Yermouth | 43 | 1075 or 1950 |
| Yarmowthe | 43 | 1950 | Donwiche | 6 | 102 |
| Dornewiche | 6 | 102 | Orford | 3 | 62 |
| Orforde | 13 | 303 | Goford | 13 | 303 |
| Ipswiche | 3 | 62 | Herwich | 14 | 383 |
| Merrye | 13 | 303 | Ipswich | 12 | 239 |
| Brightelensey | 14 | 283 | Mersey | 1 | 6 |
| Colchester | 12 | 239 | Brightlingsey | 5 | 61 |
| Whibanes | 1 | 6 | Colchester | 5 | 90 |
| Derwen | 5 | 90 | Whitbanes | 1 | 17 |
| Boston | 17 | 361 | Malden | 2 | 32 |
| Swynhomber | 2 | 32 | Derwen | 1 | 15 |
| Malden | 2 | 32 | Wrangle | 1 | 8 |
| Barton | 5 | 61 | Lynne | 16 | 382 |
| Blackney | 2 | 38 | |||
| Scarborough | 1 | 19 | |||
| Boston | 17 | 361 | |||
| Swynhumber | 1 | 32 | |||
| Barton | 5 | 91 | |||
| Somma totalis of the Northe Fleete: | The whole totall of the Shippes of the North Fleete | 215 | 4383 or 5258 | ||
| Shippes | 234 | ||||
| Maryners | 5624 | ||||
| Somma totalis of all the Englishe Fleete: | The somme totall of all the Englishe Ffleete: | ||||
| Shippes | 707 | Shippes | 682 | ||
| Maryners | 14931 | Maryners | 13588 or14463 | ||
| MS. Harl. 3968, f. 131b. | |||||
| Shippes and Maryners of Forrayne Countreyes: | The Shippes and Maryners of Strangers in this Ayde: | ||||
| Bayon | 15 | 439 | Bayon | 15 | 439 |
| Spayne | 7 | 184 | Spayne | 7 | 184 |
| Irelande | 1 | 184 | Irland | 1 | 25 |
| Flaunders | 14 | 133 | Flanders | 14 | 133 |
| Gelderlande | 1 | 24 | Gelderland | 1 | 24 |
| Somma totalis of all the Strangers | The full nomber of the said Strangers Shippes and Maryners:[771] | ||||
| Shippes | 38 | Shipps | 38 | ||
| Maryners | 964 | Maryners | 805 | ||
[APPENDIX No. 7]
Abstract of some of the more remarkable items in the repairs of the galleys and spinaces of King Edward III. at Bayonne.
| £ | s. | d. | f. | ||
| Tuesday, 25 Feb.—To Dominic of St. Domyngo for xxj. lbs. of Thomenk’ [? tow] at ij. d. halfpenny a pound | iiij. | iiij. | ob. | ||
| To John de Speruent for one pound of oil, bought for the use of the calefetores [? caulkers] | |||||
| To the same for j. quintal xxxvj. lbs. of gemma [? tar], bought for the work of caulking the great galley, at per quintal | xv. | vij. | |||
| To Peter Arñ for carriage of the said gemma from the house of the said John to the bridge | ob. iij. | ||||
| To Peter Arñ Daufereyn for j. skin of a sheep for caulking the said galley | vj. | ||||
| To Riudo Berñ for vj. faggots of brushwood bought for the caulking, and for their carriage to the bridge | iiij. ob. qr. | ||||
| To Peter de Mouhay and his three fellows drawing water from the great galley, for one day | iiij. | vj. | |||
| To Dominic of St. Domyngo, caulker, and his fellow; to the said Dominic xvj. d. per diem, to the other xij. d. | ij. | iiij. | |||
| Total of the day xxviij. s. vj. d. qr. ma. | |||||
| Wednesday, 26 Feb.—To John de Ville for v. boards bought for the repair of the galleys, price of each board, ij. s. | |||||
| To Joan de Tyrons for l. nails bought for the work of the galleys, price | |||||
| To William Faber for j. gymbelette bought for the work of the galleys | |||||
| To Forcius de Lesgo and his fellow, carpenters, to the said Forcius xv. d. wages per diem, to the other xx. d. | ij. | xi. | |||
| To Dominic of St. Domyngo, caulker, and a certain servant; to the said Dominic xvj. d. wages per diem, to the other ix. d. | ij. | j. | |||
| To the same Dominic for xvj. lbs. of Thomenk’, price per lb. ij. d. ob. | iij. | iiij. | |||
| To Pelegrinus de Lesgo for j. jar, iij. saucers, in which the oil was placed, and for scrapers | |||||
| To Gerard Darbent for ij. corbatons at vj. d. each. | |||||
| Total of the day xx. s. j. d. ob. ma. | |||||
| 27 Feb.—To John de Tyrons for c. nails of rym | iiij. | ||||
| 28 Feb.—To John de Tyrons for xij. nails of cauym | v. | ||||
| To Peter Johannis for xij. faggots of wood for heating the gemma, and for the carriage of the same | ix. | ob. | |||
| 3 Mar.—To John de Speruent for one lb. of oil for mixing with the gemma | |||||
| 4 Mar.—To Peter Johannis for one ell of tela [? woven stuff] for the work of the caulkers | xij. | ||||
| 7 Mar.—To Joan de Tyrons for c. nails of Tylat | xj. | ||||
| 13 Mar.—To Dominic the caulker for his expenses from Bourdeaux to Bayonne | iiij. | vj. | |||
| 15 Mar.—To Thomas of Sandwich, for carriage of the Serpent and Bygord’ from the bridge to the house of the painter | ij. | ||||
| To William Mustard for bread and drink during three days given to the workmen | iiij. ob. | ||||
| 16 Mar.—To John de Tyrons for xij. nails of cauym | v. | ||||
| To John de Castete and his companion for scraping the old painting of the great galley, each per diem xv. | ij. | vj. | |||
| To the same John for a calypp, hired for this work | i. | ob. | |||
| To Forcius de Lesgo, and his four companions, carpenters, working upon the masts and yards, each per diem xvj. d. | vj. | viij. | |||
| 18 Mar.—To John de Castete for hire of a calypp; and for carrying sea-sand for the galleys | i. | ob. | |||
| To Adam of Northampton and his two companions, for carrying the said sand and drawing water for the small and the large galley | ij. | ij. | |||
| To the same Adam for three tribul’ for throwing the sand from the calipp to the galley | i. | ob. | |||
| 20 Mar.—To John de Seyntmartre for two anchors bought of him for the great galley | ix. | x. | |||
| To William Martini for carriage of the same from the house of the said John to the smith’s, and from the smith’s house to the bridge | xvij. | ||||
| To Arn. Johannis de Lesgo for issues and ij. plomas of the said anchors | ij. | vj. | |||
| 22 Mar.—To William Rudi de Mamysan for the repair of two anchors | xij. | ||||
| To John de Lussy for iiij. gemell’ of the masts | x. | ||||
| To William Rudi de Mamysan for liiij. great nails made for the gemell’ | ix. | ||||
| 28 Mar.—To Forcius de Lesgo and his two companions for repairing the seats of the galleys, each per diem xvj. d. | iiij. | ||||
| To Joan de Tyrons for cccc. nails of Tylat at xj. d. per hundred | iij. | viij. | |||
| To the same for ccc. nails of Solira, at vj. d. per hundred | xviij. | ||||
| To the same for xlviij. nails of Cauym at v. d. per dozen | xx. | ||||
| 29 Mar.—To John de Lussye for furtanes which were wanting in the said galleys | x. | ||||
| To William Mustard ... for bread and pomadr’ for all the workmen for iiij. days | iij. | vj. | |||
| ult. Mar.—To Joan de Tyrons for xxiiij. nails of Cauym for the repair of the hinder part of the great galley | x. | ||||
| To Forcius de Lesgo for ij. corbatons for the work on the great galley, price | xij. | ||||
| To the same Forcius for v. ells of board bought for repairing the Bygorus | xxij. | ||||
| To Arn. Gerardi for ij. ligna (timbers) for loffis and bousprete | ij. | vj. ob. | |||
| To William Rudi de Mamysau for j. anchor purchased of him for the great galley | iiij. | x. | |||
| &c. &c. &c. | |||||
| f. 5 b. Friday, 14 March.—Ryndo de la Fyte for xxij. lbs. “folii albi de extinctu” for the work of painting the galleys, at xviij. d. per lb. | xxxiij. | ||||
| To the same for vj. lbs. of Orpiment at xvj. d. | viij. | ||||
| ” ” ij. lbs. of Ind. at ix. s. | xviij. | ||||
| ” ” viij. lbs. of blankett at viij. d. | v. | iiij. | |||
| ” ” viij. lbs. of Certown at viij. d. | v. | iiij. | |||
| ” ” ix. lbs. of vernyz at xx d. | xv. | ||||
| ” ” iiij. lbs. of oil for mixing with the colours, at ix. d. per lb. | iij. | ||||
| ” ” iij. lbs. “picturæ deauratæ” (? gold paint) at ij. s. | vj. | ||||
| To Petronilla la Mercadere for xij. lbs. of vermylon at ij. s. | xxiiij. | ||||
| To John de London for xxxv. lbs. and a half of “Cole” at v. d. | xiij. | ix. ob. | |||
| ” ” for ij. lbs. of “Sedes de porc” at iiij. s. | viij. | ||||
| To Master John de Troia for waters for mixing with the colours | xij. | ||||
| ” ” for a quintal of “Craye” (chalk?) | iij. | ||||
| ” ” for 1 lb. of wax | ii. | vj. | |||
| ” ” for eggs for mixing with the colours | iii. | ||||
| To Master John the painter, commencing the painting of the great galley, per diem | iij. | ||||
| ” ” for Thomas the painter | xx. | ||||
| To Mark the painter and his companion, each per diem xij. d. | ij. | ||||
| 2 April.—To Master John de Troia for verdeter | xviij. | ||||
| Expenses of the galley of W. Baydn de Furno. To Benedicto de Pynak’ for 1 timber called the Braunc’ bought for the galiot | vj. | ||||
| To John de Gys for two timbers called Tymon (rudder?) | iij. | ||||
| To Saubatus de Laste for iiij. timbers called Juillate | xii. | ||||
| To Garsia Arñ de Castere for xviij. tostes | iij. | ||||
And many similar entries, mentioning ij. band’. ij. latons xxviiij. lattes (laths). Estaunzons (staunchions). xviij. boards of Byerñ for scanull nails of Tylate, Rym, and tasse. a virga (or yard). Cavill’ and Coynz. Tymon (rudder?). breo albo. x. pipes for cisera at iij. s. ix. d. each, nails of Solira, and of Tilat iiij. Corbatouns. Chastereux of the yard. repairing a broken anchor.
| £ | s. | d. | |
| To John Garsia de Baeryz (Biarritz) for his spinace hired of him for seeking and carrying the victuals for the mariners of the two galleys of our lord the King, and of one galeot, and for other necessary carriages by sea from Capebretoñ to England whenever necessary | xlv. | vj. | |
| Wages of the mariners conducting the galley “St. George” from Bayonne to England | xxxv. | xviij. | iij. |
| sterling. | |||
| Wages &c. “St. Edward” | xxij. | x. | viij. |
| sterling. | |||
| Wages &c. the galiot | xvij. | iij. | ix. |
| Sum total of all the expenses incurredccc. iii-xx. j. l. xviij. s. viij. d. moneyequivalent to c.j. l. xvj. s. viij. d.sterling ij. d. money.[772] | |||
[APPENDIX No. 8.]
The following condensed syllabus from Rymer’s “Fœdera,” to which great work repeated reference has been made in the foregoing pages, will serve to indicate the course of commerce between England and various states of the Continent between A.D. 1190 and A.D. 1460, and to exhibit, by the number of safe-conducts demanded and granted, the degrees in which it was interrupted by the disputes between the different monarchs of the period, or by acts of piracy. Ample illustration is also therein given of the custom of the day of pressing into the king’s service any vessel or vessels he might want for any purpose.
The names of all the states with which England was at war or at peace have been preserved, and a few incidental notices with reference to the course of trade, or of manners and customs. It will be observed that, during the reign of Edward the Third, the impressment of ships for the king’s war service descended as low as vessels of twenty tons; and that in one instance, at least, the defence of the sea was specially laid as a duty on the mercantile community. Special forms of safe-conduct, and for the arrest of ships and mariners, are added in illustration from MSS. in the British Museum.
Extracts relating to Maritime affairs from Sir T. Duffus Hardy’s “Syllabus of the Documents ... contained in Rymer’s ‘Fœdera.’”
| Rich. I. | 1190.—Ordinances by the king for the punishment of crimes committed on shipboard during the voyage to Jerusalem. |
| 1191, 27 March.—The king confirms to the men of Rye and Winchelsea their privileges as under Henry II., they finding two ships to complete the twenty ships of Hastings. | |
| John. | 1208, 8 April.—The king requests his mariners and merchants to aid the barons of the Cinque Ports in arresting all ships found on the seas, and conveying them to England. |
| 1213, 3 March.—The king orders the whole shipping from every port in England to be at Portsmouth by mid-Lent. | |
| 1216, 2 June.—The king requests the jurats of Bayonne to employ their galleys in annoying his enemies. | |
| Hen. III. | 1217, 10 Oct.—The king to the king of Norway; will gladly promote commercial intercourse with that realm. |
| 1236, 26 May.—Proclamation respecting the goods of persons escaping from shipwreck on the coasts of England, Poitou, Gascony, and Oleron. | |
| 1242, 8 June.—The king to the barons of the Cinque Ports and the men of Dunwich, to fit out shipping to ravage the coasts of France. | |
| 1242, 7 July.—The king directs that the galleys of Bristol and all the galleys of Ireland shall harass the coasts of France. | |
| 1243, 12 July.—Men of the Cinque Ports to make reprisals upon John, duke of Brittany. | |
| 1259, July.—The king permits Henry of Castile to engage ships at Bordeaux and Bayonne for his expedition into Africa. | |
| Edw. I. | 1275, 23 Sept.—The king instructs Stephen de Penecastre, constable of Dover, relative to the contentions between the merchants of London and Seland (Zealand). |
| 1280, 17 July.—Writ of protection for the merchants of Seiland trading with England. | |
| 1285, 15 May.—Regulations by the king and his council as to the compulsory unloading of ships in the Cinque Ports in time of danger. | |
| 1298, 14 Feb.—The king orders shipping (100 vessels) to be provided at Sluys for his return into England from Flanders. | |
| 1301, 14 Feb.—The king orders the bailiffs of Yarmouth and forty-one other ports in England and Wales and six in Ireland to supply him with shipping for the expedition against Scotland. | |
| 1301, 4 Oct.—Proclamation to be made cautioning masters of ships and other sailors to be on their guard in their voyage towards Gascony and other ports of France. | |
| 1302, 7 Nov.—The king informs the warden of the Cinque Ports that instead of fifty-seven ships (which the barons of those ports are bound to furnish) he will be satisfied with twenty-five for the Scottish war. | |
| Edw. II. | 1307, 26 Sept.—The king to Dionysius, king of Portugal, respecting the restitution of an English ship recovered by the Portuguese from some pirates. |
| 1307, 25 Nov.—The king orders the mayor and sheriffs of London to provide a ship for the conveyance of his tents [into France]. | |
| 1308, 20 March.—The king orders Robert de Kendale, warden of the Cinque Ports, to take care that the merchants of France have liberty to trade in England. | |
| 1309, 12 May.—The king complains to Robert, count of Flanders, that an English ship had been plundered off Portsmouth by Flemish pirates. | |
| 1312, 28 July.—The king orders the keepers of the passages of the port of Dover to permit the abbots of seventeen houses of the Cistercian order to cross on their way to Citeaux. | |
| 1313, 15 Feb.—The king asks Robert, count of Flanders, to prevent the export of victuals, arms, &c., from Flanders into Scotland. | |
| 1313, 22 May.—The king asks the pope to send to him certain Florentine merchants arrested at his suit in the papal court for having defrauded the English revenue. | |
| 1314, 1 April.—The king orders the barons of the Cinque Ports to send to him for the Scottish war the service of ships which they are bound to provide. | |
| 1314, 26 July.—Robert, count of Flanders, asks the king to permit his subjects to trade with Flanders, and to consent to the establishment of a staple at Bruges. | |
| 1315, 13 April.—Robert, count of Flanders, complains to the king of the pillage of a Flemish ship in the port of Orwelle. | |
| 1315, 18 Sept.—The king orders the captains of his fleet to do all possible injury to the Flemish shipping. | |
| 1316, 18 June.—The king complains to the city of Genoa that the Genoese furnish the Scotch with ships and arms. | |
| 1316, 28 July.—Haco, king of Norway, informs the king of England that he will meet any complaint brought against his subjects respecting the arrest of a ship in the port of Selay. | |
| 1316, 9 Aug.—Haco, king of Norway, narrates to the king of England the facts of the complaints of the merchants of Berwick. | |
| 1318, 28 Jan.—Philip, king of France, complains to the king of England of the illegal detention in London of the goods of some French merchants. | |
| 1318, 22 Nov.—General summons of citizens and merchants to a conference to discuss the establishment of a staple in Flanders. | |
| 1322, 6 June.—The king orders that the goods and merchandise of the subjects of John, duke of Brabant, shall not be arrested. | |
| 1323, 10 April.—Notification of the settlement of all disputes between the captains of five galleys of Venice and the town of Southampton. | |
| 1323, 16 April.—The king having pardoned the misconduct of the five Venetian galleys at Southampton, the Venetians may therefore trade with England in safety. | |
| 1324, 28 Jan.—The king orders that all ships belonging to the subjects of the count of Zealand be arrested. | |
| 1324, 10 May.—The king being about to vindicate his rights in Aquitaine, orders the mayor of Southampton and twelve other ports to provide him with shipping. | |
| 1324, 10 May.—The king orders that the said ships shall be ready upon three days’ notice. | |
| 1324, 18 Sept.—The king of England assures Sanctius, king of Majorca, that he is ready to do justice in the matter of his ships, which are said to have been plundered by English pirates. | |
| 1324, 18 Dec.—The king orders that search may be made at various ports for letters from abroad which may be prejudicial to the crown. | |
| 1325, 18 Feb.—The king of England to James, king of Aragon, respecting the seizure of the galleys of the king of Majorca. | |
| 1325, 7 May.—The king of England asks Alphonso, king of Portugal, and his mother Isabella, to permit provisions to be conveyed into Gascony. | |
| 1325, 10 May.—The town of Bruges appoints proctors to treat with the king respecting commercial intercourse between Flanders and England. | |
| Edw. III. | 1326, 18 Feb.—The king orders inquiry to be made respecting a whale cast ashore upon the manor of Walton, belonging to the church of St. Paul’s London. |
| 1326, 3 Dec.—Writ for the payment of £10 to certain sailors of Bayonne who had aided Queen Isabella in coming into England from abroad. | |
| 1327, 30 April.—The king to the burgomasters of Bruges, offering to make reparation for the capture near Boulogne of a ship of Nieuport by men of Sandwich and Winchelsea. | |
| 1331, 5 Feb.—The king orders the sheriffs of Gloucester and Somersetshire to allow William de Clyvedon and two others to export 600 quarters of corn to Ireland, where there is great scarcity. | |
| 1331, 14 Oct.—William de Clynton, constable of Dover Castle and warden of the Cinque Ports, is commanded to allow fishermen to be paid for their goods in English money, notwithstanding the act against taking money out of the realm. | |
| 1333, 6 Oct.—The king requests Alphonso, king of Aragon, to withdraw the letters of marque granted to Berenger de la Tone. | |
| 1335, 16 May.—Power to William de la Pole and others to treat with Louis, count of Flanders, and the commonalties of Bruges, Ghent, and Ypres, about the piracies, &c., committed on both sides. | |
| 1335, 26 May.—The king requests John, duke of Brittany, earl of Richmond, to make redress for four anchors taken by his subjects from the ship of John Perbroun, of Great Yarmouth, wrecked on the coast of Garound in Brittany. | |
| 1335, 26 Aug.—The mayor and sheriffs of London are commanded to send to the king the ships arrested in the port of London, and to pay 60 marks of the 500 marks granted by them in lieu of men. | |
| 1335, 20 Sept.—The king orders William de Clynton, warden of the Cinque Ports, to provide ships for the return home of certain knights in the company of the count of Juliers. | |
| 1336, 15 March.—The king orders the mayor and bailiffs of Bristol to take sureties from all masters of ships of the Cinque Ports which come to Bristol, that they will return to their proper ports to be equipped for the defence of the realm. | |
| 1336, 3 May.—The exportation of timber or boards fit for ship-building forbidden. | |
| 1336, 6 May.—The king orders John de Cobham, John de Segrave, and John de Wyndesore to pay 100 marks to Alexander Hurtyn, of Dover, deputy of William de Clynton, warden of the Cinque Ports, as part payment of £87 10s. which he has spent on the passage of the count of Juliers. | |
| 1336, 28 June.—The king, having heard that the crews of the ships arrested in North Wales refuse to serve without being prepaid their wages, orders Richard, earl of Arundel, justiciary of North Wales, to survey the ships and give the crews a reward. Similar letter to the justiciary of South Wales. | |
| 1336, 4 July.—The king releases the commonalty of Genoa from the payment of customs, to the amount of 8,000 marks, in recompense for a ship of Yoan Lucian taken by Hugh le Despenser. | |
| 1336, 5 Aug.—The king orders John de Norwich, admiral of the fleet, from the Thames northward, who is searching for hostile galleys, consisting of ships of Great Yarmouth, to hold no communication with the men of the Cinque Ports, in consequence of the dissensions between them and the men of Yarmouth. Similar letter to Geoffrey de Say, admiral of the fleet south of the Thames. | |
| 1336, 2 Oct.—The king thanks Robert, king of Jerusalem and Sicily, for having stopped the equipment of ships which, under colour of assisting the Holy Land, were intended to be used against England; and desires credence for Nicolin Flisco of Genoa. | |
| 1336, 2 Oct.—The king thanks the Genoese for having burnt certain galleys which were being prepared against him; and desires credence for Nicolin Flisco. | |
| 1336, 2 Oct.—Power to Nicolin de Flasco [sic], called “Cardinal of Genoa,” to hire galleys for the king’s service. | |
| 1337, 28 Jan.—The sheriffs of London are ordered to deliver to Thomas de Sapleford, overseer of the works in the Tower, 5000 (?) of iron, 200 Eastland boards, and 100 qrs. of sea-coal, for making anchors for the Cristoffre and the Cogge Edward, and for other works. | |
| 1337, 1 Aug.—The king orders William Fraunk and Reginald de Donyngton to deliver a ship to William de la Pole, of Kingston-on-Hull, and Reginald de Conductu, for the purpose of exporting 30,000 sacks of wool. Similar letter to the mayor and sheriffs of London. | |
| 1338, 20 May.—The king has been petitioned by Peter de Puyane, admiral of the fleet at Bayonne, to grant him the rent of £6 on every whale caught at Biarritz, and other rents and dues in Bedured, in the bailiwick of Goes; and desires the seneschal of Gascony and the constable of Bordeaux to report as to their value. | |
| 1343, 20 May.—The king orders Richard de Aldeburgh and four others, to make inquisition concerning the carrying of two whales and two sturgeons, worth £3000, from the Manor of Hoveden; the bishop of Durham having wrecks of the sea and the right to the royal fish. | |
| 1346, 20 Nov.—Thomas de Drayton and two others are commissioned to provide twenty fishing smacks and ten boats for the siege of Calais. Similar commission for thirty vessels to Thomas Spigurnel and Philip de Whitton. | |
| 1348, 1 Oct.—Writs to the sheriffs of London, and the mayors and bailiff of seventeen seaports, to unload merchant ships and send them to join the fleet. | |
| 1354, 8 July.—The king informs the captain and council of Genoa, that he has assigned the duty on 1000 sacks of wool for the redress of injuries to Genoa ships. | |
| 1355, 27 April.—Richard de Cortenhall and Robert de Baildon are appointed to arrest ships of twenty tons and upwards from the Thames to Lynn, and bring them to Southampton by June 11 for the conveyance of Edward, Prince of Wales, to Gascony. | |
| 1360, 24 March.—John Beech, master of the sloop La Cogg Johan, of Sandwich, is ordered to unload his ship and prepare it for war. Similar orders to six other masters. | |
| 1362, 22 Feb.—Commission to Hugh de Courtenaye, earl of Devon, and two others, to inquire into the plunder of a ship called Tarrit (Tarida?), and other ships wrecked at Plymouth. | |
| Hen. IV. | 1406, 6 April.—The king orders the mayor and sheriffs of London, and the mayors and bailiffs of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and nineteen other towns, to arrange for the fulfilment of the covenant made in parliament for committing the custody of the sea to merchants. |
| 1406, 20 Oct.—The king forbids the collectors of subsidies and customs in London, and fourteen other towns to pay the sums assigned to the merchants for the custody of the sea, as they have failed in their engagement. | |
| 1410, 18 Nov.—The king orders Henry prince of Wales, constable of Dover Castle, and warden of the Cinque Ports, to make restitution to John Dirdolf and others of Berflet in Flanders, whose ships have been taken by Sir John Prendergest. | |
| 1411, 26 June.—Licence to John Ferkyn to send the two small guns which he made for a ship, in the ship of Spain in which the king is sending his great guns to Spain. | |
| 1411, 9 Sept.—The king informs the council of North Berve, in Norway, of his forbidding the Hanse merchants leaving England in consequence of the injuries done to English merchants, and of the licence given to nine merchants at St. Botolph to leave England. | |
| Hen. VI. | 1436, 5 July.—Proclamations to be made by the sheriffs of London, Kent, and three others, forbidding armourers and victuallers increasing their prices in consequence of the assembly of the duke of Gloucester’s troops; and ordering merchants to send goods to Calais. |
| 1438, 29 Jan.—Licence to John, bishop of Skalholt, in Iceland, to take a ship to Iceland and send it back with merchandise for the payment of his creditors. | |
| 1438, 18 Feb.—Similar licence to John, bishop of Holar. | |
| 1440, 26 Feb.—Licence to John Secheford and John Candeler to export corn and other victuals to Iceland for the use of the bishop of Scalhelte, confessor of the king of Denmark. | |
| 1449, 22 Dec.—Licence to John Taverner, of Hull, to export goods to Italy through the straits of Marrot (Marocco), in his new ship or carrack, called the Grace Dieu. | |
| 1458, 8 June.—Licence to George Morsleyn, merchant of Cracow, to bring a ruby weighing 214 carats, for sale to England. | |
| 1460, 9 May.—Safe-conduct for a ship laden with Caen stone for the repairs of Westminster Abbey. |
[APPENDIX No. 9.]
Form of “Safe-Conduct.” (38 Hen. VI., A.D. 1459-60.)
Concerning safe-conduct.
The king by his letters patent, having force for one year, of his special favour took into his safe and sure conduct, and into his special protection, keeping, and defence, Robert le Forrester, Roger le Clerk, Leonard Banche, and John de Cormeilles, merchants of Normandy, and each of them and the factors, attorneys, and servants of them and of each of them, with liberty to travel into the realms of the king of England, and through other the domains, possessions, and territories of the king whatsoever or whithersoever else it shall seem good to them, with one ship called the Grace Dieu, of Rouen, of the burthen of seventy casks or under, of which John Gognes, Nandin le Bastier, Martin Handry, John le Blanc, John Masse, or William Emery is master, with goods and merchandise of any kind whatsoever, and with twenty mariners and one mate (pagesto) as steersman of the same ship, together with the accoutrements, furniture, and other fittings of any kind whatsoever, that may be necessary for their own persons and for the defence of the said ship and of themselves, to be taken and borne with them conjointly or separately, as well by land as by sea, either on horseback or on foot, in journeying to the same place, tarrying, sojourning, abiding, and transacting business as merchants; and in unloading the aforesaid ship and reloading her with other goods and articles of merchandise, of whatsoever kind they may be, not belonging to the staple of Calais, in passing out of and returning into the same kingdom, domains, possessions, and territories of the aforesaid king, with the aforesaid ship reloaded, and with the master, mariners, and mate, with their accoutrements, furniture, and fittings aforesaid, safely and securely to foreign parts, so often as it shall seem good to them during the continuance of the present safe-conduct of the king, freely, without any let, disturbance, or hindrance whatsoever, notwithstanding any marque, counter-marque, or reprisal granted or to be granted, or any other cause or matter whatsoever. And therefore, etc., provided always that good security be given to the king for the customs, aids, and other moneys due to the king on account of the aforesaid goods and merchandise, as is equitable. Provided also, that the aforesaid Robert, Roger, Leonard, and John de Cormeilles, their factors, attorneys, servants, master, mariners, and mate, and those who accompany them, bear and conduct themselves properly and honestly towards the king and his subjects, and do not attempt, or anyone of them attempt, or dare to attempt, or any one of them dare to attempt anything which may turn out to the contempt or injury, the loss or inconvenience of the said king or of the subjects of the said king in any way whatsoever. And that they, nor any one of them shall by any means enter into any camp, fortress, or fortified town belonging to the king unless they shall first show, or some one of them shall show, to the commandants, mayors, or governors, there present, royal letters of safe-conduct. And if it shall chance that any one of the aforesaid Robert, Roger, Leonard, John de Cormeilles, their factors, attorneys, servants, master, mariners, and mate, or any of those who accompany them, does not wish to invalidate the present safe-conduct of the king, and yet to others who do not invalidate it, any damage or inconvenience should accrue, but he desires in the case of any individual or individuals who thus invalidate it, that their persons and property should be safe, then let them bring with them this vidimus, or a transcript or translation of these presents, executed in conformity with the king’s genuine seal of obedience, to which implicit belief is to be yielded as it would be to the original. Witness, the king at Westminster, the 9th day of April.[773]
By the king himself verbally
Conformable with original
(Signed) William Riley.
[APPENDIX No. 10.]
Form for the Arrest of Ships.
Concerning the arrest of ships.
The king to his well beloved John Accleve and John Scadlock, greeting. Know ye that having full confidence in your fidelity and prudence we have appointed you to arrest all and singular the ships and other vessels both of our kingdom of England and of foreign parts of the burthen of twenty casks and upwards lying in our port of London, and to cause them to be conveyed with all possible speed to the port of our town of Southampton, to serve on our present voyage for our moneys reasonably to be expended in this part. Wherefore we command you that you give due heed to these instructions and carry them out in the form aforesaid. Moreover, we charge all and singular the sheriffs, mayors, constables, bailiffs, ministers, and others concerned by the tenor of these presents, and strictly enjoin them that they should assist you in the execution of these presents, both by advice and by active support as it is fitting. In witness whereof, &c. Witness the king at Southampton the 27th July. By the king himself. Pat. 3 Hen. part i. M. 25 b.[774]
[APPENDIX No. 11.]
Form for the Arrest of Mariners.
Concerning the arrest of mariners.
The king to his beloved Haukin Pytman, master of a certain ship called the Weathercock of the Tower, (?) greeting. Know that we having full confidence in your fidelity and prudence have appointed you to arrest and seize so many mariners and servants as may be necessary for the management of the said ship as well within the liberties as without, and to place them and cause them to be placed in the aforesaid ship, under our security for their reasonable wages to be paid through your hands. Wherefore we enjoin you to give good heed in the matter of these premises and carry them out in the form aforesaid. Moreover, we charge all and singular the sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, constables, ministers, and others our lieges and subjects within and without the liberties by the tenor of these presents, and strictly command that they afford you aid in the execution of these presents, both by their advice and by active assistance as is fitting. In witness whereof, &c. Witness the king at Westminster the 2nd day of January. Patent 3 Henry, 5, part i. M. 12 b.[775]
[APPENDIX No. 12.]
Register of Grants.
“A book in fol. formerly belonging (as it is said) to the Lord Treasurer Burleigh, but lately bought of Mr. Strype; being a register of the grants, &c., passing the privy seal, royal signet, or sign manual during the reigns of King Edward V. and King Richard III., with some other entries made upon other occasions or in other reigns.”
Among them are the following entries:
| 1592. | —Licence to Loys de Grymaldes, Merchaunt of the parties of Jeane (Genoa), to bring into this realme Dyamount and other Gemmys or preciouse stones; to th’ entent, that if they be for the king’s pleasure, he may have the sale (i.e., the pre-emption) thereof before alle other. Yeoven at London the 9th day of Decembre, ao. primo. f. 130. |
| 1636. | —Commission to the Magistrates, &c., of the Port Towns, to man out their small Vessels and help the English Fleet in case they shall see them engaged with the Fleet of the Bretons, now lieng in Flannders. Yeven the 20th day of Dec., ano. primo. f. 136. |
| 1749. | —Letter to the Owners, Maisters, &c., of the Naveye of the Counties of Norff. & Suff. entending to departe unto the parties of Islande (Iceland): requiring them not to depart towards the said parties of Islande without the king’s licence: But to assemble themselves well harneyshed & apparelled for their owne suretie; and soo to departe alle togidere towarde Humbre, to attend there upon the King’s Shippes of Hulle, as their Waughters (i.e., Waiters, or Convoy) for the suertie of them alle. Yeven the 23rd day of February, ao. primo. f. 159. b. |
| 2065. | —Letters given to Gregory Walder, Maister of the Ship Marie-Lewe, of Lebyke (Lubeck), for his discharge touching the said ship, which being a stranger and dryven into Dertmouthe was (according to the olde uses and custumes of Englande by the Royall prerogatyve) reteyned for the King’s use and bought at his reasonable price. Yeven at London 21 Jan., ao. 2do. f. 203.[776] |
[APPENDIX No. 13.]
Ancient Form of Procedure for the restitution of Goods unlawfully seized.
Endorsed in French. On the 15th day of June in the 13th year [of King Richard II.], there being present at Westminster the Chancellor, the Treasurer, the bishop of Lo[ndon], the bishop of Sarum, the bishop of Hereford, Monsr. Richard Lescrop, Monsr. William Lescrop, this examination was read, and the advice of the above persons and of the Guardian of the Privy seal, that restitution be made of the xiiij. tuns of wine.
Original in Latin.
The following examination was made on the 29th day of Novr., in the 13th year of King Richard II. [A.D. 1389], by Master Edmund Stafford, keeper of the Privy seal, and Edward Dalingrugg, and Richard Stury, knts., for the time being of the king’s council, by the same council especially appointed for this affair, upon that, namely, that from a certain ship of a certain Commendator of Germany, with certain casks of wine and other divers merchandises of the goods of Valascus Vincentius and Gunsalous Johannes, Merchants of Portugal, laden, and taken at sea by Englishmen of Sandwich against the will of the said merchants, and taken into the port of Sandwich, Robert de Assh’ton, while he lived, Constable of Dover Castle, had, as is said, 14 casks of wine, applied to his own uses, for which satisfaction had not yet been made, as is said, although the same Robert while he lived had been frequently applied to for it.
Thomas Elys, forty years of age and upwards, sworn, and examined, and diligently required respecting the said matter, says that about 7 years ago at Sandwich 14 casks of wine were taken from the aforesaid ship on the part of Robert Assh’ton for his own uses, as he then heard of public rumour, going about those parts. And of the other casks of wine taken in the same ship restitution was made, as he says, by command of the Council of the Lord King, as he heard from many persons, and he believes truly, as he says, that satisfaction had not yet been given to the said merchants for the 14 casks of wine under consideration.
John Godard, sworn, &c.: had heard from the relation of many, that such a ship had been taken with wine upon Palm Sunday about 7 years ago, &c. &c.
John Conduyt, sworn, &c.: Peter Conduyt, sworn, &c.: knew that such a ship had been taken by his father with wine, and saw the same ship, &c.
Hugh atte Welle, sworn, &c.: heard of, and saw such a ship at Sandwich, &c.; heard by common report that about the time of the last earthquake restitution had been made, &c.
Robert Sandewych’, sworn, &c.: says that such a ship was taken and carried into Sandewych, and the wine was sold to the knowledge of this witness, who had charge of the cista (chest) which held the money received for this wine, and after that that party came from Portugal with letters of the king of Portugal, by command of the Council of the king of England restitution was made to them of that money for 100 casks of wine, exclusive of that for 14 casks which Robert Assh’ton had for his own uses. And this deponent says that for a sum of money between 100 shillings and 5 marks each of these casks were sold. This deponent also says that he with those merchants stood security for Robert Assh’ton for payment of the 14 casks; and the same Robert, to the knowledge and hearing of this deponent, acknowledged his debt and said that he was willing to pay for the same, but had made frequent delay in the matter; and this deponent never heard of payment having been made in the matter. The deponent also states that he was present at the sale of the casks of wine, as is aforesaid.
And all the aforesaid witnesses, examined singly, said that they estimate each of these casks at the value of six marks, after that the said 14 casks had been taken out and selected by Robert Assh’ton as being the best.[777]