FOOTNOTES:
[1] See a good passage in Claudian’s “Rape of Proserpine,” on this subject; and Virgil, Georg. i. 136.
[2] Noah’s Ark, B.C. 2348.
[3] Gen. vi. 15.
[4] Gen. vii. 16, 17. Cory, “Ancient Fragm.,” for traditions of the Ark in various lands.
[5] The Scriptural narrative of a great flood, and of a great vessel to float upon it, has just met with a remarkable confirmation. At a meeting of the Society of Biblical Archæology, Sir Henry Rawlinson in the chair, on December 3, 1872, Mr. George Smith, of the British Museum, read a paper, giving an account of his discovery, on cuneiform tablets (part of the so-called library of Ashur-ban-i-pal, king of Nineveh), of an unquestionable account of the Deluge. The name of the king under whom this event occurred cannot as yet be deciphered, nor can anything like a certain date be assigned to it; but Sir Henry Rawlinson accepted fully the truth of Mr. Smith’s decipherings. Of the inscription describing the Flood, there are fragments of three copies, containing duplicate texts.
[6] Layard, First Series. Pls. 10, 12, 13, 15, 25, 27, 28.
[7] Hügel, “Travels in Cashmir,” p. 27, with a picture, p. 247.
[8] Pliny, vii. 57. Cf. also Lucan, Phars. iv. 131. Such vessels were called “boats sewn together,” Plin. xxiv. 65; and Virgil (Æn. vi. 448) gives the same title to Charon’s boat.
[9] Layard, “Nineveh and Babylon,” pp. 522-524.
[10] “Relaçion historica del Viage a la America Meridional,” 1748; Charnock, “Hist. Mar. Arch.” i. p. 12.
[11] Herod. i. 1.
[12] Gen. xlix. 13.
[13] Homer (Od. v. 243), &c., gives some curious details of the building of the vessel of Ulysses; whence it appears that he made use of an axe, had means of cutting planks, together with a boring instrument to make holes for nails and hooks: he had also ropes, and at least one sail. His bulwark was raised higher by wickerwork, to prevent the sea dashing over.
[14] Hom. Od. xii. 403, as compared xiv. 302.
[15] Thucyd. ii. 13, 14.
[16] Pliny, xvi. 158.
[17] Ovid, Metam. xi. 516, and Epist. ad Œnonen, v. 42.
[18] John Locke, “Hist. of Navigation,” prefixed to Harris’s “Coll. of Voyages.”
[19] Cæsar, Bell. Gall. iii. 29.
[20] Livy, iv. 21. Cæsar, Bell. Gall. i. 12. Tibull. ii. 5, 34.
[21] Millin’s “Dict. de Beaux-Arts.”
[22] Acts xxviii. 11.
[23] Ovid, Trist. i. 9, 2.
[24] Pliny, xix. 5.
[25] Hom. Il. ii. 637. Od. ix. 125; xi. 124.
[26] Herod. iii. 58.
[27] Plaut. Pœn. i. 2, 6.
[28] Aristoph. Equit. 1313.
[29] Virg. Æn. iii. 119.
[30] Hom. Odyss. iii. 4. Anthol. vi. c. xxi. Ep. 1.
[31] Horat. Od. i. 5, 15.
[32] Petron. c. lxiii.
[33] Polyb. lib. x.
[34] Stat. Theb. v. 343. Silius, vi. 361.
[35] Xenoph. Hist. i. Polyb. lib. x. Arrian, Peripl. Mar. Eux.
[36] Ovid. Metam. iii.
[37] Propert. lib. ii. v. 990.
[38] Xen. Œcon. v. Athen. xv.
[39] Arrian, Exp. Alex. vi.
[40] James Smith, “Voyage of St. Paul,” pp. 147-150.
[41] See Smith, pp. 143-147. The same practice may be noticed on some of the English municipal seals: see below, [p. 399, &c.]
[42] Lucan, v. 428; Stat. vii. 32.
[43] Polyb. xxviii. 3. Appian, v. 91. Cf. Boeckh, Seewesen, &c., p. 134.
[44] Hom. Il. i. 436. Od. ix. 137.
[45] Pliny, vii. 209.
[46] Acts xxvii. 29.
[47] Paus. viii. 12. Pliny, xvi. 34.
[48] Arrian, Exped. Alex. ii. 21.
[49] Antichità di Ercolano, ii. 1. 14.
[50] Herod, ii. 109.
[51] Arrian, Peripl. Mar. Eux.
[52] Strabo, ii. 8.
[53] Hist. of India; Notes and Observations, p. 333—and below, [p. 233].
[54] Chardin’s Travels, p. 441 et seq.
[55] Nat. Hist. xix. 3, 4.
[56] Peripl. Mar. Eux. c. 7.
[57] Acts xxviii. 13.
MERCHANT SHIPPING.