The Roman Festivals of the Period of the Republic / An Introduction to the Study of the Religion of the Romans

by W. Warde Fowler

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

• Acca Larentia, [74], [93], [275], [276], [324].
• Aedes Herculis: see [Forum Boarium].
• Aedes Vestae: see [Vesta].
• Aediles, plebeian, [75], [76], [92].
• Aesculapius, [105], [191], [278];
  • connexion with Vediovis, [122], [278];
  • temple, [278], [340].
• Agonia: December, [265], [281];
  • January, [277], [280]-2;
  • March, [54], [281];
  • May, [121], [281].
• Agonus (or Agonalis), [323].
• Agriculture: festivals, [3], [71], [79]-82, [85]-8, [88]-91, [113]-4, [124]-8, [145]-54, [204]-6, [206]-9, [212]-4, [256]-8, [268]-73, [324]-7, [335].
• Alban Mount: Feriae Latinae held at, [95], [97], [227]-8;
  • temple of Jupiter Latiaris, [95]-6, [228].
• Ambarvalia, [114], [124]-8, [154].
• Ancilia, [38]-9, [41]-3, [45]-6, [250];
  • lustration, [57]-9, [248], [250];
  • moving, [39], [41], [43]-4, [115]
• Ancillarum Feriae, [176]-8.
• Angerona, [274]-5;
  • goddess of Divalia, [274], [336].
• Anna Perenna: festival, [44], [50]-1, [53], [163];
  • legends, [51]-4, [60];
  • popularity with lower classes, [44], [50]-1;
  • representative of year, [52]-3.
• Aphrodite: connexion with Venus, [69], [86].
• Aplu, [181].
• Apollo, [89], [191], [250];
  • comparison with Mars, [39]-40;
  • connexion with Aesculapius, [278];
  • with Vediovis, [122], [181], [225], [278];
  • coupled with Latona, [181], [186], [200];
  • festivals, [173], [179]-81;
  • functions, [180], [278];
  • Medicus, [180];
  • restoration of worship by Augustus, [180] (n. 4), [181]-2;
  • Soranus, [84], [181];
  • temples, [180], [182];
  • worship, [117], [179]-82, [339].
• April: character, [6], [9], [33], [66]-7;
  • connexion with Venus, [67], [69];
  • festivals, [66]-97;
  • origin of name, [6], [33], [66];
  • prevalence of female deities, [67].
• Ara Maxima: see [Circus Maximus].
• Argei: see also [Sacella Argeorum], [150], [151];
  • explanations of custom, [114], [116]-20;
  • mourning of Flaminica Dialis, [112], [115], [119], [151];
  • origin of name, [112]-3; [118]-9;
  • puppets thrown into Tiber, [52], [57], [100], [111]-20;
  • substitution for human victims, [112], [115], [116]-7, [119].
• Armilustrium, [45], [58], [249], [250]-1.
• Army: importance of curiae, [303], [305];
  • mustering, [133].
• Artemis, [200].
• Asylum, [122], [183] (n. 3), [327];
  • connexion with Vediovis, [122].
• Attalus, King of Pergamus, [69].
• August: character, [189]-90;
  • festivals, [189]-214.
• Augustus, revival of religion, [19], [181]-2, [190], [280], [342], [343]-4, [349].
• Aventine: plebeian quarter, [75]-6, [199];
  • temples, [59], [74]-6, [101]-5, [158], [198]-200, [201], [206], [232], [267], [339].
• Beans: harvest, [130], [255];
  • use as food, [132]-3;
  • use in ritual, [83], [109]-10, [131];
  • religious character, [91], [110], [130]-1.
• Beating bounds, see [Lustrations];
  • productive of fertility, [104], [178]-9, [262], [302], [311], [315], [318]-21.
• Bellona, [134]-5.
• Birds: used in augury, [139]-40.
• Bona Dea, [95];
  • connexion with Damia, [105]-6;
  • with Maia, [99], [100], [123], [210];
  • earth goddess, [71], [103], [104], [106];
  • functions, [104]-5, [106];
  • men excluded from worship, [102]-3, [142], [256];
  • myrtle not allowed in temple, [103]-4;
  • temple, [101]-5;
  • women’s sacrifice, [255]-6;
  • worship, [102]-6, [150].
• Bouphonia, [176], [329].
• Brutus, M. Junius, [130].
• Caesar (Julius): birthday, [174];
  • calendar, [4], [5]-6, [11], [14]-5.
• Cakes: see also [Salt-cake];
  • heads of animals decked with, [148], [242], [244];
  • sacrifices, [53]-5, [155], [161], [295], [304].
• Calendar: see also [Year], [248]-50;
  • authorities on, [13]-4, [16]-9;
  • divergences, [36], [45], [241], [265]-6;
  • Julian: see Caesar;
  • marks of days, [8]-10;
  • republican, [14]-20;
  • secrecy, [8]-9, [11];
  • surviving, [5]-6, [11]-4.
• Campus Martius, [247]-8;
  • festivals, [50]-1;
  • races, [44]-5, [208], [242], [249], [330];
  • sacrifice of October-horse, [241]-3, [247]-9.
• Capitolium, [129]-30, [327];
  • connexion with Saturnus, [269]-70;
  • temples, [43], [85], [129]-30, [145], [157]-8, [214], [216]-7, [229], [291], [293], [326]-7.
• Caprotinae, Nonae: see [Nones].
• Cardea: confusion with Carna, [131]-2.
• Caristia, [308]-9.
• Carmenta, [167], [291]-3;
  • festival, [277], [290]-3;
  • temple, [291], [293].
• Carmentalia, [15], [277], [290]-3.
• Carmentes: see [Carmenta].
• Carna, [130];
  • confusion with Cardea, [131]-2;
  • festival, [130]-3.
• Castor and Pollux: see [Dioscuri].
• Cerealia, [15], [72]-3, [77]-9, [92];
  • foxes loosed in Circus Maximus, [77]-9, [94];
  • plebeian character, [70], [77], [92].
• Ceres, [73]-4, [295], [338];
  • connexion with Demeter, [73], [74], [181];
  • with plebeians, [74]-7, [92];
  • festival, [72]-3, [77]-9, [92], [294]-6;
  • goddess of crops, [67], [71], [73], [126];
  • Greek influence on, [73], [75]-6, [105];
  • sacrifices, [103], [105], [295];
  • temple, [74]-6, [92].
• Cernunnos: identification with Janus, [286].
• Character of Romans, [65];
  • influence of religion on, [344]-9.
• Charlton-on-Otmoor: lustration of fields, [128], [246].
• Circus Flaminius: games, [217], [252], [253];
  • temples, [134], [135], [180], [202], [211].
• Circus Maximus, [190];
  • altar of Consus, [178], [190], [206]-7, [209];
  • Ara Maxima, [138], [189], [190], [193]-7;
  • festivals, [77]-8, [94];
  • races, [208];
  • temples, [92], [160], [202], [204].
• Cnaeus Flavius, [11].
• Coins, [350]-2;
  • heads on, [286]-7, [351].
• Comitia Curiata: meetings, [63], [64], [123], [305].
• Comitium, [57]-8.
• Compitalia, [255], [277], [279]-80, [294], [335], [338].
• Consualia, [115], [178], [189], [206]-9, [290];
  • Vestal Virgins present, [115], [150];
  • winter, [267]-8.
• Consuls: connexion with Feriae Latinae, [95], [96];
  • entrance on office, [5], [95], [190], [278];
  • laying down of office, [216].
• Consus, [324], [338];
  • altar in Circus Maximus, [178], [190], [206]-7, [209];
  • connexion with horses, [207]-8;
  • with Ops, [212]-3;
  • festivals, [115], [178], [206]-9, [267]-8;
  • temple, [206], [267].
• Corn: supply, [76];
  • trade, [121];
  • wolf: see [Corn-spirit].
• Corn-spirit: animal representation, [78], [83], [90]-1, [94], [244]-5, [264];
  • death and renewal of life, [83], [118], [246]-7, [316]-7;
  • human representation, [177], [245];
  • races in rites, [245]-6, [330];
  • rites to aid growth of corn, [41], [83]-4;
  • rites to propitiate, [90]-1, [244]-8.
• Creek Indians: festivals of first-fruits, [152]-3.
• Cross-roads, [279]-80.
• Curiae, [16], [71], [303]-4;
  • festivals, [71]-2, [219], [302]-6, [335];
  • flamen, [304].
• Curio Maximus, [303]-4.
• Curis, [303].
• Damia: connexion with Bona Dea, [105]-6.
• Days: calendar marks in, [8]-10;
  • market, [8];
  • number in months, [2]-3.
• Dead: ancestor worship, [161], [275]-6, [300], [308]-9;
  • burial, [108], [109], [307];
  • cult chiefly in February, [3], [6], [33], [107], [299], [300];
  • festivals, [106]-10, [131], [275]-6, [306]-10;
  • offerings, [308];
  • spirits: see [Ghosts].
• Dea Dia, [71], [105];
  • centre of ritual of Fratres Arvales, [74], [105];
  • connexion with Ceres, [74].
• December, [7];
  • character, [255];
  • festivals, [33], [255]-76.
• Deities: abstractions resolved into, [190]-1, [341];
  • chthonic, [207], [210], [211]-2;
  • dualism of male and female, [61]-2, [212]-3, [221];
  • female, [67], [71], [74], [106];
  • fluctuation between male and female, [67], [73], [80], [232]-3;
  • images: see [Images];
  • impersonality, [106], [137], [139], [213], [221]-2, [295], [311], [337];
  • multiplicity, [144], [167], [241], [259]-60, [291]-3, [337];
  • prayers: see [Prayers];
  • symbols, [122], [139], [161], [169], [170], [230], [235];
  • women’s: see [Women].
• Delphi: Roman dealings with, [181].
• Demeter, [103], [110];
  • connexion with Ceres, [73], [74], [181].
• Demons: see [Evil spirits].
• Diana: connexion with Artemis, [200];
  • coupled with Hercules, [181], [186];
  • festival, [198]-200;
  • functions, [198], [200]-1;
  • Nemorensis, [183];
  • temples, [198]-200, [339].
• Dionysus: connexion with Liber, [54]-5, [74], [88];
  • introduction of cult into Italy, [88], [342];
  • sacrifice at Tenedos, [329].
• Dioscuri, [296]-7, [351];
  • temples, [202], [296].
• Dis Pater, [120], [212], [269].
• Dius Fidius, [327];
  • antiquity, [135]-6;
  • connexion with Genius Jovis, [142]-5;
  • with Hercules, [137]-9, [142]-4;
  • with Jupiter, [138]-41, [221];
  • with Semo Sancus, [136]-8, [144];
  • temple, [135], [136], [141].
• Divalia, [274]-5.
• Dogs: connexion with Lares praestites, [101], [351]-2;
  • sacrifices, [89]-91, [101], [209], [311], [312], [314].
• Earth: deities, [67], [71], [74], [103], [104], [106], [256], [294]-5;
  • spiritualized as feminine, [103], [106].
• Epulum Jovis: see [Jupiter].
• Equirria, [44]-6, [330]-1.
• Esquiline: cults, [228];
  • divisions, [266];
  • temples, [38].
• Etruscans: influence on Roman religion, [171]-2, [185]-6, [200], [219]-20, [222]-3, [229], [234]-5, [338]-40;
  • trias, [218], [220], [229], [235], [239].
• Evil spirits: expulsion, [40]-1, [43], [107];
  • human scapegoat, [40]-1, [46]-9.
• Fairs, [253].
• Fasti: see [Calendar];
  • Ovid’s, see Ovid.
• Fauna, [103].
• Faunalia, [255], [256]-8.
• Faunus, [103], [257]-8;
  • connexion with Lupercalia, [257]-8, [262], [312]-3;
  • with Pan, [258], [259], [313];
  • derivation of name, [258]-9;
  • festival, [256]-8;
  • functions, [80], [261]-3, [278];
  • multiplicity, [259]-60, [313];
  • origin, [257]-8, [259], [261], [263]-5;
  • temples, [257]-8, [278], [302];
  • woodland character, [260]-1.
• Favonius, [258], [259], [264];
  • Feb. 7th, [277], [299].
• February, [3], [4], [6], [7];
  • character, [6], [66], [299];
  • festivals, [3], [6], [33], [298]-331;
  • origin of name, [6], [298].
• Feralia, [10], [107], [306], [309]-10.
• Feretrius: see [Jupiter].
• Feriae Latinae, [95]-7, [227]-8, [335].
• Feriae Sementivae, [294]-6.
• Feronia, [199], [252]-4;
  • temple, [253].
• Fertility: customs to produce, [94]-5, [104], [178]-9, [262], [302], [311], [315], [318]-21.
• Festivals, [15], [18]-9, [44], [336];
  • agricultural, [3], [71], [79]-82, [85]-8, [88]-91, [113]-4, [124]-8, [145]-54, [204]-6, [206]-9, [212]-4, [256]-8, [268]-73, [324]-7, [335];
  • of curiae, [16], [71]-2, [219], [302]-6, [335];
  • domestic, [107], [306]-10;
  • harvest, [124]-8, [145]-54, [189]-90, [195]-6, [207]-9, [212]-4, [243]-4, [294]-6;
  • marked in calendars, [15]-6;
  • men’s, [102]-3, [142], [194];
  • of montes, [16], [265]-7, [335];
  • moveable, [15], [95], [124], [255]-6, [277], [279], [294], [303];
  • pagi, [16], [257], [294]-6, [335];
  • pastoral, [96]-7;
  • patrician, [68] (n. 2), [70];
  • plebeian, [44], [50]-1, [68], [70], [92], [163], [171], [253];
  • of sacella, [16], [111]-20, [335];
  • survival of, [127]-8, [312], [321];
  • times of, [7], [59], [70], [169]-70, [174], [189], [256], [290];
  • transition from rustic to urban: see [Religion];
  • women’s, [38], [67]-8, [102]-3, [142], [148], [154]-6, [178]-9, [255]-6, [291].
• Fetiales, [230]-1;
  • declaration of war, [134], [230];
  • lapis silex, [230]-1.
• Fidenates: legends about, [174], [175], [177], [178].
• Fides, [237];
  • festival, [237]-8.
• Fig-tree of Rumina, [310], [334].
• Fire: deities, [189], [209]-10;
  • sacred fire of Vesta: see [Vesta].
• Firstfruits: gathering, [151]-3;
  • offering, [195], [211]-2.
• Fisovius Sancius: see [Fisus].
• Fisus, [137], [139].
• Flamines, [35], [288], [335], [342]-3;
  • antiquity of deity proved by, [92], [187], [201], [237];
  • Flamen Carmentalis, [292];
  • Flamen curiae, [304];
  • Flamen Dialis, [86]-8, [204], [221], [313];
  • Flamen Floralis, [92];
  • Flamen Furinalis, [187];
  • Flamen Martialis, [237], [323];
  • Flamen Palatualis, [267];
  • Flamen Pomonalis, [201];
  • Flamen Portunalis, [202];
  • Flamen Quirinalis, [89], [209], [237], [276], [333], [334];
  • Flamen Volcanalis, [123], [210];
  • Flamen Volturnalis, [214];
  • Flaminica Dialis, [56] (n. 5), [112], [115], [146], [149], [151], [153], [221];
  • representative of sons of the family, [36], [147], [288], [334].
• Flora, [92]-3, [240], [324];
  • festivals, [91]-5
  • functions, [67], [93], [94];
  • temples, [92], [202], [324].
• Floralia, [91]-5;
  • hares and goats loosed in Circus Maximus, [94].
• Fons (or Fontus), [240]-1, [258];
  • temple, [341].
• Fontinalia, [240]-1.
• Fordicidia, [71]-2, [83], [243];
  • character, [66], [115], [150];
  • share of Vestal Virgins in, [71], [83], [115], [150].
• Fornacalia, [302]-6, [335].
• Fors Fortuna: see [Fortuna].
• Fortuna, [67];
  • connexion with Jupiter, [166], [168], [223]-5;
  • with Nortia, [171]-2;
  • with Servius Tullius, [68], [156]-7, [162], [171]-2;
  • explained as dawn-goddess, [164]-6;
  • explained as moon-goddess, [168]-9;
  • explained as sun-goddess, [168]-71;
  • festivals, [67]-9; [161]-72;
  • Fors, [124], [161]-3, [340];
  • functions, [167]-8, [170]-1;
  • huiusce diei, [164]-5, [343];
  • origin of name, [163]-4, [166]-7;
  • Primigenia, [72], [124], [165]-6, [167]-8, [223]-4, [254];
  • statues, [156]-7, [339];
  • symbols, [169], [170]-1;
  • temples, [68], [72], [124], [156]-7, [161]-2, [166], [339], [343];
  • Virilis, [68];
  • women especially worship, [167]-8;
  • worshipped at Praeneste, [72], [124], [166], [168], [223].
• Forum: meeting of curiae in, [305], [306];
  • temples, [271], [273]-4, [296], [339].
• Forum Boarium: Aedes Herculis, [193];
  • temples, [154], [156]-7, [339].
• Forum Olitorium: temple, [302].
• Foxes, [78];
  • loosed at Cerealia, [77]-9; [94].
• Fratres Arvales, [42];
  • Acta Fratrum Arvalium, [17], [125];
  • calendar, [12];
  • decline of, [184]-5, [343];
  • ritual of, [48], [74], [92]-3, [105], [125], [127], [136], [240]-1, [271], [282].
• Freedwomen: worship of Feronia, [253].
• Furiae: confusion with Furrina, [187], [188].
• Furrina (or Furina), [187]-8.
• Furrinalia, [173], [187]-8.
• Gaia Caecilia, [141].
• Games (ludi), [15], [50];
  • Apollinares, [173], [179]-80;
  • Cereales, [72]-3;
  • compitales, [279]-80;
  • Florae, [91]-5;
  • horse races, [44]-5, [58], [91], [180], [208], [242], [245]-6, [248]-9;
  • Megalesiaci, [69]-71;
  • plebeii, [180], [217], [252], [253];
  • Romani, [215], [216]-7, [252];
  • saeculares, [182].
• Gates: see [Porta].
• Geese: sacred to Juno, [129]-30.
• Genita Mana. [101].
• Ghosts: purification of house from, [100], [109]-10, [131];
  • classification of, [108]-9.
• Gods: see [Deities].
• Guilds, [62], [121];
  • tibicines, [157]-8.
• Harawara, [84].
• Hares: loosed at Floralia, [94].
• Harvest, [154], [189];
  • customs, [177]-8, [245]-6;
  • festivals, [124]-8, [153]-4, [189]-90, [195]-6, [207]-9.
• Healing deities, [104]-5, [180], [191], [278].
• Heimdal: equation with Janus, [286].
• Hephaestus, [123].
• Hercules: connexion with Dius Fidius or Semo Sancus, [137]-9, [142]-4;
  • with Genius, [143]-4, [194]-5, [196], [337];
  • with Juno, [142]-4;
  • with Mars, [194]-5, [196];
  • coupled with Diana, [181], [186];
  • Invictus, [201];
  • legends, [102], [112], [138], [193], [196]-7;
  • representative of male principle, [103], [143], [194];
  • temples, [135], [201];
  • Victor, [138];
  • worship, [193]-7;
  • worship confined to men, [102], [103], [142], [194].
• Hermes, [120]-1;
  • connexion with Mercury, [121], [186].
• Hirpi Sorani: rites at Soracte, [84], [317].
• Horatius: legend, [238]-9.
• Horses: connexion of Consus with, [207]-8;
  • of Mars with, [330];
  • decked with flowers, [207]-8;
  • heads decked with cakes, [242], [244].
• Horta Quirini, [324].
• Ides, [8];
  • sacred to Jupiter, [8], [10], [120], [157], [198], [215], [241].
• Iguvium: inscription found at, [17], [114], [127], [137], [139], [176], [221].
• Images and statues of gods, [81], [141], [156]-7, [200], [201], [218], [228], [239].
• Indigitamenta, [71], [191], [192], [274], [341].
• Indigites, [192].
• Inuus, [312]-3.
• Isis worship, [252].
• January, [5]-7;
  • character, [6], [33], [277];
  • consuls enter office in, [5], [95], [278];
  • festivals, [6], [277]-97;
  • origin of name, [6], [7], [33], [99].
• Janus, [270];
  • connexion with Cardea, [131]-2;
  • with January, [6], [33], [99];
  • with Saturnus, [270];
  • with tigillum sororium, [238]-9;
  • with Vesta, [282]-3, [287]-8, [334]-5;
  • cult-titles, [289]-90;
  • geminus, [286];
  • god of entrances, [282]-3, [286]-9, [335], [337];
  • origin of cult, [282]-9;
  • Rex sacrorum connected with worship of, [282], [288], [334]-5;
  • temples, [204], [270].
• July, [2], [3], [173];
  • festivals, [174]-88.
• June: character, [6], [33];
  • festivals, [130]-72;
  • origin of name, [6], [99]-100, [129]-30.
• Juno, [312];
  • Caprotina, [178];
  • connexion with Bona Dea, [142];
  • with Hercules, [142]-4;
  • with June, [99]-100, [129];
  • with Jupiter, [134], [218], [221], [223]-5;
  • with Mars, [37]-8, [133]-4;
  • with tigillum sororium, [238]-9;
  • cult at Praeneste, [166], [224];
  • Curitis, [223], [239];
  • festivals, [174], [178]-9;
  • Kalends sacred to, [8], [38], [129], [239], [241];
  • Lucina, [38], [105], [156];
  • Moneta, [129]-30;
  • one of Etruscan trias, [218], [220], [229], [235], [339];
  • representative of female principle, [38], [141], [143], [178], [221], [321] (n. 1), [337];
  • Sospita, [302];
  • temples, [38], [157]-8, [215], [216]-7, [302], [326]-7.
• Jupiter, [97], [220]-1, [313];
  • Capitolinus, [97], [158];
  • cella Jovis, [217];
  • connexion with Dius Fidius or Semo Sancus, [138]-41, [221];
  • with Fortuna, [166], [168], [223]-5;
  • with Juno, [134], [218], [221], [223]-5;
  • with Mercurius, [120];
  • with Terminus, [326]-7;
  • with wine, [55], [88], [240];
  • Elicius, [232], [233];
  • epulum Jovis, [215], [216], [217]-20, [233]-4, [253];
  • Fagutalis, [228];
  • Feretrius, [229]-30, [232], [334];
  • festivals, [85]-8, [157]-9, [174], [216]-20, [275], [338];
  • Fulgur, [239];
  • functions, [55], [88], [97], [141], [222], [229]-30, [232], [326];
  • Ides sacred to, [8], [10], [120], [157], [198], [215], [241];
  • Indiges, [192];
  • Invictus, [158];
  • Latiaris, [97], [198], [227]-8;
  • Liber, [55], [88];
  • Lucetius, [222];
  • one of Etruscan trias, [218], [220], [229], [235], [339];
  • Puer, cult at Praeneste, [166], [224]-7;
  • stones connected with, [230]-3, [234];
  • temples, [95]-6, [157]-8, [215], [216]-7, [228], [229], [232], [326]-7, [339];
  • Viminius, [229];
  • worship in groves, [183], [227];
  • worship in Italy, [221]-3;
  • worship on hills, [95], [222], [227], [234].
• Juturna, [293];
  • temple, [341].
• Kalends, [8];
  • sacred to Juno, [8], [38], [129], [239], [241].
• Kings, [36], [63], [282];
  • represented by Pontifex Maximus, [147], [288];
  • represented by Rex sacrorum, [8], [213], [282], [288].
• Lapis: see [Stones].
• Larentalia, [275]-6.
• Larentia: see [Acca Larentia].
• Lares, [136], [309], [337];
  • compitales or domestici, [101], [338];
  • praestites, [100]-1, [335].
• Latin Festival: see [Feriae Latinae].
• Latins, common worship of Romans and, [95]-7, [198]-9, [335].
• Latona, coupled with Apollo, [181], [186], [200].
• Laurel, [83];
  • sacred to Mars, [35]-6.
• Lectisternium, [180]-1, [186], [200], [273];
  • connexion with epulum Jovis, [218].
• Lemuria, [100], [106]-10, [131], [174], [290].
• Leucothea, [154].
• Liber, [312], [338];
  • connexion with Dionysus, [54]-5, [74], [88].
• Libera, [74].
• Liberalia, [54]-6;
  • cakes used at, [53]-4, [55].
• Litania Maior, [91], [127].
• Lucaria, [15] (n. 1), [173], [174], [182]-5, [186]-7.
• Luceres, [185].
• Ludi: see [Games].
• Lupercal, [310]-1, [318].
• Lupercalia, [298], [299], [310]-21;
  • deity of, [257]-8, [262], [312]-3;
  • sacrifices at, [101], [311], [312]-4;
  • salt-cake used, [110], [115], [311];
  • whipping to produce fertility, [104], [179], [262], [302], [311], [315], [318]-21.
• Luperci, [311], [312]-3, [319]-20;
  • derivation of name, [311], [317].
• Lupercus, [311], [312].
• Lupines, [94].
• Lustrations, [68], [83]-5, [298];
  • aedes Vestae, [148]-9, [151]-4;
  • Argei, [100], [113]-4, [115], [119];
  • arms, [58]-9, [248]-9, [250]-1;
  • bound-beating, [114], [125]-8, [304], 319;
  • crops, [100], [114], [124]-8, [154];
  • ghosts, [100];
  • Lupercalia, [315]-6, [319]-21;
  • people, [175]-6;
  • processions, [111], [113]-4, [125]-6, [335];
  • rites, [299]-302;
  • sheep, [81];
  • shields, [58]-9, [248], [250];
  • trumpets, [63]-4, [123].
• Magna Mater Idaea: festival, [67], [69]-71;
  • introduction into Rome, [67], [69]-70, [102], [342];
  • stone representing, [69]-70, [342];
  • temple, [70].
• Maia, [98]-100;
  • connexion with Bona Dea, [99], [100], [123], [129];
  • with Mercurius, [98]-9, [120];
  • with Volcanus, [123], [210].
• Mamuralia, [45]-50.
• Mamurius: expulsion of Mamurius Veturius, [40]-1, [46]-9;
  • festival, [44]-50;
  • smith, [39], [45]-6;
  • variant for Mars, [39], [41], [45].
• Manes, [108], [300], [308].
• March, [2], [3];
  • beginning of year, [5], [33], [38];
  • connexion with Mars, [33]-5, [48], [64]-5, [99];
  • festivals, [5], [35]-65;
  • New Year’s Day, [5], [35]-43, [278];
  • origin of name, [33], [99].
• Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, [11].
• Market days, [8].
• Marriages, [293];
  • customs, [142];
  • ill-omened in March and May, [60], [67], [100], [109], [293];
  • prohibited, [146], [308].
• Mars, [53], [60], [313];
  • birthday, [5], [36]-8, [60];
  • comparison with Apollo, [39]-40;
  • connexion with Hercules, [194]-5, [196];
  • with Juno, [37]-8, [133]-4;
  • with March, [33]-5, [48], [64]-5, [99];
  • with Minerva, [53], [59]-60, [62];
  • with Nerio, [60]-2, [186];
  • with Quirinus, [322]-3;
  • with Robigus, [89], [324];
  • with Romulus, [33], [37] (n. 3);
  • with Silvanus, [55], [194];
  • festivals, [44]-6, [57]-63, [123], [241]-50, [290], [313], [330]-1;
  • functions, [34]-5, [41], [43], [64]-5, [89], [248]-9, [250], [262];
  • god of powers of vegetation and reproduction, [34]-5; [41], [48]-9, [64], [126]-7, [196];
  • Greek influence, [35], [37];
  • laurel sacred to, [35]-6;
  • origin, [34]-5, [64];
  • priests: see [Salii];
  • Sacrarium Martis, [39], [44], [324], [335];
  • shields: see [Ancilia];
  • temples, [133]-4, [232];
  • war-god, [126], [207], [248], [249].
• Mater Larum, [240].
• Mater Matuta, [154]-6, [165].
• Matralia, [154]-6, [165].
• Matronalia, [38].
• May, [2], [3];
  • character, [6], [33], [100];
  • festivals, [33], [98]-128;
  • origin of name, [6], [33], [98]-100.
• Meals: see also [Epulum Jovis];
  • sacrificial, [81], [96]-7, [194], [218]-20, [308], [309].
• Meditrinalia, [236], [239]-40.
• Megalesia, [69]-71.
• Men: exclusion from cults, [102]-3, [142], [256];
  • oaths of, [138]-9, [142].
• Mens, [145].
• Mercurius: connexion with Hermes, [121], [186];
  • with Jupiter, [120];
  • with Maia, [98]-9, [120];
  • coupled with Neptunus, [181], [186];
  • god of trade, [121];
  • temples, [121], [339].
• Mildew: see [Rust].
• Minerva: connexion with Mars, [53], [59]-60, [62];
  • with Nerio, [59]-62;
  • festivals, [59], [62], [158];
  • goddess of trumpet players, [62], [158];
  • nail driven into cella of, [234]-5;
  • one of Etruscan trias, [218], [220], [229], [235], [339];
  • temples, [59], [157]-8, [215], [216]-7, [326]-7, [339].
• Mola salsa: see [Salt-cake].
• Montes, [266]-7;
  • festivals of, [16], [265]-7, [335].
• Months, [5]-7, [33]-4;
  • divisions, [7]-8;
  • lunar, [7];
  • names, [5]-7, [33]-4, [99]-100;
  • number of days, [2]-3;
  • solar, [1].
• Mundus, [211]-2;
  • open, [211]-2, [239], [252].
• Myrtle, [68];
  • excluded from temple of Bona Dea, [103]-4.
• Nails driven into temples, [172], [217], [234]-5.
• Nemesis, [170].
• Neptunalia, [173], [185]-7.
• Neptunus, [185]-7;
  • connexion with Poseidon, [185], [186], [187];
  • with Salacia, [186];
  • coupled with Mercurius, [181], [186];
  • functions, [185], [187].
• Nerio, [134]-5;
  • connexion with Mars, [60]-2, [186];
  • with Minerva, [59]-62.
• Nerthus, [117].
• New Year: see [March].
• Nones, [7], [8];
  • Nonae Caprotinae, [174], [175], [178]-9.
• Nortia, [235];
  • connexion with Fortuna, [171]-2.
• November: character, [252];
  • festivals, [252]-4.
• Numa: connexion with calendar, [4], [335]-6;
  • legends, [262]-3, [278].
• Numbers: lucky and unlucky, [3].
• Oak of Jupiter Feretrius, [229], [232], [334].
• Oaths, [138]-9, [142], [231], [297], [327];
  • Jupiter’s connexion with, [139], [229]-30, [326];
  • taken at Ara Maxima, [138]-9.
• Octaeteris cycle, [2]-3.
• October, [2], [3];
  • character, [236]-7;
  • festivals, [237]-51.
• October-horse, [45], [58], [241]-50;
  • blood kept by Vestal Virgins, [83], [150], [243], [247];
  • corn-spirit represented by, [83], [244]-8;
  • races, [45], [58], [242], [245]-6;
  • sacrifice of, [83], [241]-2.
• Opalia, [255], [273]-4.
• Opeconsivia, [115], [150], [189], [212]-4, [290].
• Ops, [74], [338];
  • connexion with Consus, [212]-3;
  • with Saturnus, [212], [273]-4;
  • Consiva, [212];
  • festival, [115], [150], [212]-4, [273]-4;
  • Opifera, [210];
  • temple, [273]-4.
• Oracles: Faunus, [262]-3.
• Oscilla: see [Puppets].
• Ovid: Fasti, [6]-7, [13], [14], [36]-7, [173], [236]-7.
• Paganalia, [16], [294]-6, [335], [338].
• Pagus, [257], [294], [335];
  • festivals, [16], [257], [294]-6, [335], [338].
• Palatine: divisions, [266];
  • Lupercal: see [Lupercal];
  • mundus: see [Mundus];
  • rites celebrated, [276], [310]-2, [318]-9;
  • temples, [70], [180] (n. 4), [182];
  • union with Subura, [247].
• Palatua, [267].
• Pales, [67], [80], [267];
  • festival, [79]-85;
  • offerings, [81], [103].
• Pan: connexion with Faunus, [258], [259], [313].
• Parentalia, [210], [276], [299], [300], [306]-10, [335].
• Parilia, [66], [79]-85, [110], [243], [247];
  • character, [66], [115], [150];
  • share of Vestal Virgins in, [71], [83], [115].
• Penates, [337].
• Persephone, [75].
• Picumnus, [201].
• Pinarii, [193].
• Plebeians: festivals, [44], [50]-1, [68], [70], [92], [163], [171], [253];
  • quarter, [75], [77];
  • secession, [53], [75]-7;
  • temples, [75]-6, [92], [199].
• Pomona, [201].
• Pons sublicius, Argei thrown from, [112], [113]-4.
• Pontifices, [114];
  • decline, [342]-3;
  • growing importance, [339]-41;
  • influence on religion, [190]-1, [192], [213], [214], [257]-8, [341];
  • Pontifex Maximus, [147], [288];
  • priestesses, [105]-6;
  • share in festivals, [112], [114], [276].
• Poplifugia, [7], [15] (n. 1), [173], [174]-6, [179], [183], [328].
• Porta: Agonensis, [281];
  • Capena, [133], [232];
  • Carmentalis, [180] (n. 3), [290], [291], [293];
  • Fontinalis, [240];
  • Sanqualis, [135], [140];
  • Trigemina, [201].
• Portunalia, [189], [202]-4.
• Portunus, [202]-4, [214],
• Poseidon: connexion, with Neptunus, [185], [186], [187];
  • Hippios, [208].
• Potitii, [193].
• Praeneste, [254];
  • cult of Fortuna, [72], [124], [166], [168], [223]-4, [254];
  • cult of Jupiter Puer, [166], [224]-7;
  • foreign influence, [166], [227].
• Prayers, [81]-2, [89]-90, [126]-7, [133], [155], [184], [191], [295], [308], [346].
• Presents given at festivals, [38], [272], [278].
• Priests: see [Pontifices].
• Primigenia: see [Fortuna].
• Proserpina, [212].
• Prostitutes, festival of, [93].
• Punic Wars, [19], [69]-71, [179];
  • institution of festivals and temples due to, [19], [69], [179], [341], [342].
• Puppets: Argei thrown into Tiber, [111]-20;
  • oscilla hung on trees, [96], [116], [296].
• Purification: see [Lustration].
• Pythagoreans, [110].
• Quinctilis: see [July].
• Quinquatrus, [45], [57]-62, [290];
  • minusculae, [157]-9.
• Quirinal, [237], [281], [322];
  • cults, [229], [322]-4;
  • temples, [124], [135], [136], [141], [190]-1, [322], [324].
• Quirinalia, [304]-5, [322]-4.
• Quirinus, [305], [322]-4;
  • temples, [191], [322], [323].
• Quirites, [322].
• Races: see [Games].
• Regia, [190], [213], [220], [282], [335];
  • laurel fixed on, [5], [35];
  • sacrarium Martis in, [39], [44], [324], [335];
  • sacrarium Opis in, [213].
• Regifugium, [174], [327]-30, [331].
• Religion, [18]-20;
  • authorities, [332]-3;
  • based on cult, [20], [333]-4;
  • daemonistic character, [74], [106], [137], [139], [213], [221]-2, [226]-7, [232]-3, [295], [313];
  • decline, [341]-3;
  • Etruscan influence, [171]-2, [219]-20, [229], [234]-5;
  • Graeco-Etruscan influence, [185]-6, [211]-2, [223], [338]-40;
  • Greek influence, [191], [194], [200], [218], [226]-7, [268]-9, [273], [342], [343];
  • influence on character, [344]-9;
  • Oriental influence, [19], [252];
  • pontifices’ influence, [190]-1, [192], [213], [214], [257]-8, [341];
  • reaction against foreign influence, [340]-1, [349];
  • representative of stages of growth, [334]-8;
  • revival by Augustus: see [Augustus];
  • transition from aniconic to iconic, [219]-20, [229], [233]-4;
  • transition from rustic to urban, [90], [91], [103], [195]-6, [248]-50, [257]-8, [279]-80, [294].
• Reproduction, spirit: see [Corn-spirit].
• Rex sacrorum, [8], [335];
  • connexion with Janus worship, [282], [288], [334]-5;
  • representative of king, [8], [213], [282], [288];
  • representative of head of household, [213], [282], [288], [334].
• Robigalia, [66], [88]-91.
• Robigus, [324], [338];
  • connexion with Mars, [89], [324];
  • festival, [88]-91.
• Romulus, [4];
  • connexion with Mars, [33], [37] (n. 3);
  • with Quirinus, [322];
  • legends, [175]-6, [229], [310].
• Rust, red, [88]-9, [91].
• Sabine women, legend, [178], [208]-9.
• Sacella Argeorum, [16], [56]-7, [111]-2, [335];
  • procession round, [56], [111], [113]-4, [335].
• Sacrifices, [51], [54], [56], [62], [86], [209], [267], [313]-4;
  • bean meal and lard, [130], [133];
  • boar, [210];
  • bull, [126];
  • cakes, [53]-5, [155], [161], [295], [304];
  • cereals, [292]-3;
  • cheese, [96], [228];
  • cow, [71];
  • dog, [89]-91, [101], [209], [311], [312], [314];
  • fig-tree, [178];
  • fish, [209]-10;
  • flight after, [176], [328], [329]-30;
  • goat, [122], [311], [312], [314];
  • heifer, [96], [179], [193], [217], [228];
  • honey, [309], [325];
  • horse, [241]-2;
  • human, relics of, [112], [115], [116]-7, [119], [315];
  • kid, [257];
  • lamb, [64], [105], [325];
  • milk, [81], [96], [103], [228], [309];
  • millet, [81];
  • oil, [309];
  • pig, [105], [126], [256], [272], [325];
  • procession of victims, [126];
  • ram, [282];
  • red calf, [210];
  • sacrificial meal, [81], [96]-7, [194], [228];
  • salt-cake (mola salsa), [110], [115], [148], [311];
  • sheep, [89], [96], [126];
  • sow, [295];
  • water, [309];
  • wine, [87], [103], [257], [309], [325].
• Salacia, [186].
• Salii, [36], [39]-43, [58], [194], [250], [331], [334];
  • Agonenses, [41], [54], [281], [323];
  • Carmen Saliare, [39], [41], [45], [49], [289];
  • Collini, [41], [54], [320], [323];
  • mansiones Saliorum, [41], [44];
  • number, [41], [42];
  • Palatini, [41], [320], [323];
  • shields: see [Ancilia];
  • skins worn by, [47]-8, [49]-50.
• Salt-cake (mola salsa): made by Vestal Virgins, [110]-1, [115], [148], [149], [153], [205], [311];
  • used at Ides of September, [110], [115], [311];
  • used at Lupercalia, [110], [115], [311];
  • used at Vestalia, [110], [115], [148], [311].
• Salus, [190]-1, [343].
• Sancus: see [Semo Sancus].
• Saturnalia, [15], [177], [255], [268]-73, [335].
• Saturnus, [120], [268]-71;
  • connexion with Ops Consiva, [212], [273]-4;
  • festival, [268]-73;
  • functions, [270], [338];
  • temples, [71], [273]-4, [339].
• Scapegoat, [176];
  • Mamurius Veturius, [40]-1, [46]-9.
• Seianus: owner of statue of Fortuna, [156]-7, [171].
• Semo Sancus, [160], [327];
  • connexion with Dius Fidius, [136]-8, [144];
  • functions, [139]-41.
• Semones, [136].
• Senate, [134].
• September: character, [215]-6;
  • festivals, [215]-35.
• Septimontium, [16], [265]-7, [335].
• Servius Tullius, [280];
  • connexion with Fortuna, [68], [156]-7, [162], [171]-2, [339];
  • Etruscan origin, [157], [171];
  • founder of temples, [68], [162], [198]-9, [339].
• Sextilis: see [August].
• Sheep: fold decorated, [80]-1;
  • lustration, [81];
  • sacrifice, [89], [96], [126].
• Sibylline books, [68], [69], [74], [92], [93], [145], [179], [181].
• Silvanus, [55], [103], [258], [261], [262];
  • connexion with Mars, [55], [194].
• Sirius, [90].
• Slaves, [155];
  • deities of, [199], [253]-4;
  • festivals open to, [38], [162]-3, [178]-9, [193], [194], [199]-200, [272]-3, [280];
  • manumissions, [253]-4.
• Snakes, [104].
• Sol Indiges, [191]-3.
• Soranus, [160];
  • Apollo, [84], [181].
• Sosigenes, [4].
• Spells, [80]-1, [83], [84], [96], [109]-10, [150], [243], [279]-80, [296], [301], [309]-10;
  • rain, [119]-20, [232]-3.
• Spirits: dead, see [Ghosts];
  • evil, see [Evil spirits].
• Statues: see [Images].
• Stones, sacred, [140];
  • lapis silex, [230]-2;
  • manalis, [211], [232]-3;
  • oath per Iovem lapidem, [138], [231];
  • representing Magna Mater Idaea, [69]-70, [342];
  • Terminus, [230]-1, [326]-7, [334].
• Strenia, [278].
• Stultorum feriae, [304]-6, [322].
• Subura, [247], [266].
• Summanalia, [161].
• Summanus, [160]-1, [241].
• Sun, [84];
  • deities of, [35], [168]-70, [191]-3, [283]-4;
  • symbols of, [139], [169]-70.
• Supplicatio, [191].
• Tacita, [210], [309]-10.
• Tanaquil, [141].
• Tarquinii, [75]-6, [121], [280], [327]-8;
  • worships introduced by, [96], [181].
• Tellus, [67], [71], [74], [294]-5;
  • festivals, [71]-2, [294]-6;
  • sacrifices, [71], [295].
• Tempestates, temple, [341].
• Temples, [339]-43;
  • of Aesculapius in insula, [278], [340];
  • Apollo at Actium, [182];
  • Apollo in Flaminian fields, [180];
  • Apollo Palatinus on the Palatine, [180] (n. 4), [182];
  • Bellona in Circo Flaminio, [134];
  • Bona Dea on the Aventine, [101]-5;
  • Carmenta at Porta Carmentalis, [291], [293];
  • Castor and Pollux ad Forum, [296];
  • Castor and Pollux in Circo Flaminio, [202];
  • Ceres, Liber, and Libera on the Aventine, [74]-6, [339];
  • Consus on the Aventine, [206], [267];
  • Diana on the Aventine, [198]-200, [339];
  • Dius Fidius on the Quirinal, [135], [136], [141];
  • Faunus in insula, [257]-8, [278];
  • Feronia at Tarracina, [253];
  • Flora ad Circum Maximum, [92], [202];
  • Flora or Horta Quirini on Quirinal, [324];
  • Fors Fortuna trans Tiberim, [161]-2, [339];
  • Fortuna in Foro Boario, [156]-7, [339];
  • Fortuna Huiusce Diei, [165], [343];
  • Fortuna Primigenia at Praeneste, [72]
  • Fortuna Primigenia on the Quirinal, [124];
  • Fortuna Virilis, [68];
  • Hercules near the Circus Flaminius, [135];
  • Hercules Invictus ad portam trigeminam, [201];
  • Janus ad Theatrum Marcelli, [204];
  • Juno Lucina on the Esquiline, [38];
  • Juno Moneta in arce, [129]-30;
  • Juno Sospita ad Forum Olitorium, [302];
  • Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva in Capitolio, [157]-8, [215], [216]-7, [326]-7, [339];
  • Jupiter Elicius under the Aventine, [232];
  • Jupiter Feretrius in Capitolio, [229];
  • Jupiter Invictus, [158];
  • Jupiter Latiaris on the Alban Mount, [95]-6, [228];
  • Juturna, [341];
  • Magna Mater Idaea, [70];
  • Mars extra Portam Capenam, [133]-4, [232];
  • Mater Matuta in Foro Boario, [154];
  • Mens in Capitolio, [145];
  • Mercurius, [121], [339];
  • Minerva on the Aventine, [59], [158];
  • Ops ad Forum, [273]-4;
  • Quirinus in Colle, [191], [322];
  • round, [193];
  • Salus on the Quirinal, [190]-1;
  • Saturnus ad Forum, [271], [273]-4, [339];
  • Summanus ad Circum Maximum, [160];
  • Tempestates, [341];
  • Vediovis in arce, [43];
  • Vediovis in insula, [122], [277];
  • Vediovis inter duos lucos, [122];
  • Venus ad Circum Maximum, [204];
  • Venus Erycina in Capitolio, [85], [145];
  • Venus Verticordia, [68], [343];
  • Victory on the Palatine, [70];
  • Volcanus in Circo Flaminio, [211];
  • Vortumnus on the Aventine, [201], [341].
• Terminalia, [4], [324]-7, [335].
• Terminus, [324], [326]-7;
  • festival, [324]-7;
  • stone, [230]-1, [326]-7, [334].
• Theatrum Marcelli, [204].
• Tiber, worship, [214].
• Tiber island: temples, [122], [257]-8, [277], [278], [340].
• Tiberinus, [120], [203], [214].
• Tibicines: see [Trumpets].
• Tigillum sororium, [238]-9.
• Tina (or Tinia), [222]-3.
• Tirones, [56].
• Tithes: offered on Ara Maxima, [138]; [195]-7;
  • offered to Hercules Victor, [138]-9.
• Toga virilis, assumption of, [56].
• Totemism, [84]-5, [101], [231]-2, [334].
• Treaties: Dius Fidius’ connexion with, [141];
  • Jupiter’s connexion with, [229]-30, [326];
  • making, [229]-30;
  • ratified at Ara Maxima, [138].
• Tree-worship, [228]-9, [232], [234].
• Tribuni: celerum, [58]-9;
  • militum, [58];
  • plebis, [75].
• Trumpets, [63]-4, [159];
  • lustration, [63]-4, [123];
  • players, [62], [157]-9.
• Tubilustrium, [44], [45], [62]-4, [123], [290];
  • connexion with Minerva, [62];
  • festival of Mars, [62], [290].
• Vediovis, [121]-2, [160], [225], [277]-8;
  • connexion with Apollo, [122], [181], [225], [277];
  • festivals, [43], [121]-2, [277]-8;
  • temples, [43], [122], [277].
• Vegetation spirit: see [Corn-spirit].
• Veneralia, [67]-9.
• Venus: connexion with April, [67], [69];
  • with Fortuna, [68];
  • with wine, [86], [204];
  • Erycina, [85], [145];
  • festivals, [67]-8, [85]-6;
  • functions, [67], [86];
  • Greek influence, [67], [69], [86];
  • Mimnermia (or Meminia), [145];
  • temples, [68], [85]-6, [145], [204], [343];
  • Verticordia, [68]-9, [343].
• Vesta: aedes, [148]-9, [151]-4, [335];
  • connexion with Janus, [282]-3, [287]-8, [334]-5;
  • festival, [145]-54;
  • functions, [150];
  • hearth-goddess, [147]-8, [150], [282]-3, [287]-8, [334], [337];
  • laurels fixed on aedes, [5], [36], [153];
  • penus Vestae, [83], [148], [149]-50, [153], [288];
  • origin of cult, [146]-8, [149], [282]-3;
  • sacred fire, [5], [35], [114], [147]-8, [150]-1, [153].
• Vestalia, [145]-54;
  • character, [115], [126], [154];
  • mourning of Flaminica Dialis, [115], [146], [149], [151], [153];
  • salt-cake used, [110], [115], [148].
• Vestal Virgins, [36], [68]-9, [306], [324], [335];
  • festivals shared in, [52], [57], [71], [85], [112], [114]-15, [150], [256];
  • functions, [147], [149]-51, [288];
  • representative of daughters of family, [36], [111], [147], [149], [213], [256], [288], [334];
  • salt-cake made by, [110]-1, [115], [148], [149], [153], [205], [311].
• Vetches, [94].
• Victory, temple of, [70].
• Viminal, cults on, [229].
• Vinalia, [10], [338];
  • connexion with Jupiter, [85], [86]-8, [338];
  • with Venus, [85]-6, [204];
  • Priora, [85]-8;
  • Rustica, [10], [85], [86], [87], [189], [204]-6.
• Vitulatio, [179].
• Volcanalia, [189], [209]-11.
• Volcanus, [209]-11;
  • connexion with Maia, [123], [210];
  • festivals, [123], [209]-10;
  • functions, [123]-4, [210];
  • temple, [211].
• Volturnalia, [214].
• Volturnus, [214].
• Volupia, [274].
• Vortumnus, [201], [341].
• War: conduct of, [216];
  • declaration of, [134], [230];
  • gods of, [126], [134]-5, [207], [248], [249].
• Water: deities of, [187], [189].
• Weddings: see [Marriages].
• Weeks: eight days, [7], [8].
• Wells and springs: sanctity, [240].
• Wheel symbol, [161], [169]-70.
• Wills: sanctioned by Comitia Curiata, [63], [123].
• Wine: festivals, [85]-8, [204]-6, [236], [239]-40;
  • introduction of vine into Italy, [88], [97], [236];
  • Jupiter’s connexion with, [55], [88], [240];
  • Venus’ connexion with, [86], [204];
  • vintage, [236].
• Wolf: corn; see [Corn-spirit];
  • sacred to Mars, [311], [334].
• Women, [262];
  • deities of, [38], [68], [102]-3, [106], [155]-6, [167]-8, [200]-1, [291]-3;
  • excluded from worship of Hercules, [102], [103], [142], [194];
  • festivals, [38], [67]-8, [102]-3, [142], [148], [154]-6, [178]-9, [255]-6, [291];
  • oaths, [142];
  • rites to produce fertility, [94]-5, [104], [178]-9, [262], [302], [311], [315], [318]-21.
• Woods, importance in religion, [183]-4.
• Year: beginning, [5]-7, [35]-6, [278];
  • lunar, [1]-3;
  • method of reckoning, [1]-4;
  • solar, [1]-3.