Examples—as in 1

θήρ (stem θερ–), σῶμα (–τος), πίναξ (–κος), σάλπιγξ (–γγος), λαίλαψ (–πος), φλέψ (–βός), θρίξ (τριχός).

Translate and construe:

1. ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν. 2. ἡ δύναμις τῆς ἁμαρτίας ὁ νόμος ἐστίν (is). 3. καὶ ὁ λόγος σάρξ ἐγένετο (become). 4. ἦν πίναξ ἔμπροσθεν τοῦ ναοῦ. 5. ἡ Ἀφροσύνη τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Σφίγξ ἐστιν. 6. οὕτως ἐστὶν ἡ ἀνάστασις τῶν νεκρῶν.

6. These case-endings hold for all (except indeclinables which undergo no changes) substantives, adjectives (including the definite article), pronouns, and participles (see verbs). E. g.:

Relative PronounsDefinite Article
Sing.Mas.Fem.Neut. Mas.Fem.Neut.
Nom.ὅςτό
Gen.οὗἧςοὗτοῦτῆςτοῦ
Dat.τῷτῇτῷ
Acc.ὅνἥντόντήντό
etc.etc.
Bt. 144-9; Gl. 214; Gn. 421; H.A. 272-5.

The personal pronouns, as in other languages, are more irregular, the several parts being traceable to different stems.

First Person, ISecond Person, Thou
Sing.PluralSing.Plural
Nom.ἐγώἡ-μεῖςσύὑ-μεῖς
Gen.ἐ-μοῦἡ-μῶνσοῦὑ-μῶν
Dat.ἐ-μοίἡ-μῖνσοίὑ-μῖν
Acc.ἐ-μέἡ-μᾶςσέὑ-μἀς
Bt. 139; Gl. 194; Gn. 389; H.A. 261.

Translate and construe:

1. ὁ προφήτης εἶ (art). 2. σὺ πίστιν ἔχεις (hast) καὶ ἐγὼ ἔργα. 3. ἐγὼ φωνὴ βοῶντος (one crying) ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ.