REFERENCES
[1] Albanese: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 1892, xvii, p. 243.
[2] Boinet: Comptes rendus, Société de Biologie, 1895, xlvii, pp. 273, 498.
[3] Oliver and Schäfer: Journal of Physiology, 1895, xviii, p. 263. See also Radwánska, Anzeiger der Akademie, Krakau, 1910, pp. 728–736. Reviewed in Zentralblatt für Biochemie und Biophysik, 1911, xi, p. 467.
[4] Dessy and Grandis: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 1904, xli, p. 231.
[5] Panella: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 1907, xlviii, p. 462.
[6] Cannon and Nice: American Journal of Physiology, 1913, xxxii, p. 44.
[7] Bowditch and Warren: Journal of Physiology, 1886, vii, p. 438.
[8] Elliott: Journal of Physiology, 1912, xliv, p. 403.
[9] Cannon and Lyman: American Journal of Physiology, 1913, xxxi, p. 376.
[10] Young and Lehmann: Journal of Physiology, 1908, xxxvii, p. liv.
CHAPTER VII
THE EFFECTS ON CONTRACTION OF FATIGUED MUSCLE OF VARYING THE ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
That great excitement is accompanied by sympathetic innervations which increase the contraction of the small arteries, render unusually forcible the heart beat, and consequently raise arterial pressure, has already been pointed out (see [p. 26]). Indeed, the counsel to avoid circumstances likely to lead to such excitement, which is given to persons with hardened arteries or with weak hearts, is based on the liability of serious consequences, either in the heart or in the vessels, that might arise from an emotional increase of pressure in these pathological conditions. That great muscular effort also is accompanied by heightened arterial pressure is equally well known, and is avoided by persons likely to be injured by it. Both in excitement and in strong exertion the blood is forced in large degree from the capacious vessels of the abdomen into other parts of the body. In excitement the abdominal arteries and veins are contracted by impulses from the splanchnic nerves. In violent effort the diaphragm and the muscles of the belly wall are voluntarily and antagonistically contracted in order to stiffen the trunk as a support for the arms; and the increased abdominal pressure which results forces blood out of that region and does not permit reaccumulation. The general arterial pressure in man, as McCurdy[1] has shown, may suddenly rise during extreme physical effort, from approximately 110 millimeters to 180 millimeters of mercury.