REFERENCES
[1] Pawlow: The Work of the Digestive Glands, London, 1902.
[2] Bidder and Schmidt: Die Verdauungssäfte und der Stoffwechsel, Leipzig, 1852, p. 35.
[3] Richet: Journal de l’Anatomie et de la Physiologie, 1878, xiv, p. 170.
[4] See Hornborg: Skandinavisches Archiv für Physiologie, 1904, xv, p. 248. Cade and Latarjet: Journal de Physiologie et Pathologie Générale, 1905, vii, p. 221. Bogen: Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie, 1907, cxvii, p. 156. Lavenson: Archives of Internal Medicine, 1909, iv, p. 271.
[5] Lea: Superstition and Force, Philadelphia, 1892, p. 344.
[6] Le Conte: La Cellule, 1900, xvii, p. 291.
[7] Bickel and Sasaki: Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift, 1905, xxxi, p. 1829.
[8] Bickel: Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1906, xliii, p. 845.
[9] Oechsler: Internationelle Beiträge zur Pathologie und Therapie der Ernährungstörungen, 1914, v, p. 1.
[10] Cannon: The Mechanical Factors of Digestion, London and New York, 1911, p. 200.
[11] Cannon and Washburn: American Journal of Physiology, 1912, xxix, p. 441.
[12] Cannon: The American Journal of Physiology, 1898, i, p. 38.
[13] Cannon: American Journal of Physiology, 1902, vii, p. xxii.
[14] Auer: American Journal of Physiology, 1907, xviii, p. 356.
[15] Lommel: Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift, 1903, i, p. 1634.
[16] Müller: Deutsches Archiv für klinische Medicin, 1907, lxxxix, p. 434.
[17] Rosenbach: Berliner klinische Wochenschrift, 1897, xxxiv, p. 71.
[18] Wertheimer: Archives de Physiologie, 1892, xxiv, p. 379.
[19] Pawlow: Loc. cit., p. 56.
[20] Mantegazza: Fisiologia del Dolore, Florence, 1880, p. 123.
CHAPTER II
THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VISCERAL NERVES CONCERNED IN EMOTIONS
The structures of the alimentary canal which are brought into activity during the satisfactions of appetite or are checked in their activity during pain and emotional excitement are either the secreting digestive glands or the smooth muscle which surrounds the canal. Both the gland cells and the smooth-muscle cells differ from other cells which are subject to nervous influence—those of striated, or skeletal, muscle—in not being directly under voluntary control and in being slower in their response. The muscle connected with the skeleton responds to stimulation within two or three thousandths of a second; the delay with gland cells and with smooth muscle is more likely to be measured in seconds than in fractions of a second.