REFERENCES
[1] Cannon: The Mechanical Factors of Digestion, London and New York, 1911, p. 204.
[2] Bardier: Richet’s Dictionnaire de Physiologie, article Faim, 1904, vi, p. 1. See, also, Howell: Text-book of Physiology, fourth edition, Philadelphia and London, 1911, p. 285.
[3] See Sternberg: Zentralblatt für Physiologie, 1909, xxii, p. 653. Similar views were expressed by Bayle in a thesis presented to the Faculty of Medicine in Paris in 1816.
[4] See Hertz: The Sensibility of the Alimentary Canal, London, 1911, p. 38.
[5] Schiff: Physiologie de la Digestion, Florence and Turin, 1867, p. 40.
[6] Luciani: Das Hungern, Hamburg and Leipzig, 1890, p. 113.
[7] Tigerstedt: Nagel’s Handbuch der Physiologie, Berlin, 1909, i, p. 376.
[8] Johanson, Landergren, Sonden and Tigerstedt: Skandinavisches Archiv für Physiologie, 1897, vii, p. 33.
[9] Carrington: Vitality, Fasting and Nutrition, New York, 1908, p. 555.
[10] Viterbi, quoted by Bardier: Loc. cit., p. 7.
[11] Busch: Archiv für pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und für klinische Medicin, 1858, xiv, p. 147.
[12] See Schiff: Loc. cit., p. 37; also Ducceschi; Archivio di Fisiologia, 1910, viii, p. 579.
[13] Longet: Traité de Physiologie, Paris, 1868, i, p. 23.
[14] Ludwig: Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen, Leipzig and Heidelberg, 1858, ii, p. 584.
[15] Maxwell: Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1906–7, ii, p. 194.
[16] See Schiff: Loc. cit., p. 49.
[17] See Schiff: Loc. cit., p. 31; Bardier; Loc. cit., p. 16.
[18] Head: Brain, 1893, xvi, p. 1; 1901, xxiv, p. 345.
[19] Nicolai: Ueber die Entstehung des Hungergefühls, Inaugural Dissertation, Berlin, 1892, p. 17.
[20] Beaumont: The Physiology of Digestion, second edition, Burlington, 1847, p. 51.
[21] Nicolai: Loc. cit., p. 15.
[22] Beaumont: Loc. cit., p. 55.
[23] Luciani: Archivio di Fisiologia, 1906, iii, p. 54. Tiedemann long ago suggested that gastric nerves become increasingly sensitive as fasting progresses. (Physiologie des Menschen, Darmstadt, 1836, iii, p. 22.)
[24] Valenti: Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 1910, liii, p. 94.
[25] Weber: Wagner’s Handwörterbuch der Physiologie, 1846, iii2, p. 580.
[26] Vierordt: Grundriss der Physiologie, Tübingen, 1871, p. 433.
[27] Schiff: Loc. cit., p. 33.
[28] Luciani: Loc. cit., p. 542.
[29] Valenti: Loc. cit., p. 95.
[30] Bettmann: Philadelphia Monthly Medical Journal, 1899, i, p. 133.
[31] Wolff: Dissertation, Giessen, 1902, p. 9.
[32] His: Archiv für Anatomie, 1903, p. 345.
[33] Boldireff: Loc. cit., p. 1.
[34] Boldireff: Loc. cit., p. 96.
[35] See Cannon and Lieb: American Journal of Physiology, 1911, xxix, p. 267.
[36] Ducceschi: Archivio per le Scienze Mediche, 197, xxi, p. 154.
[37] See Cannon: American Journal of Physiology, 1903, viii, p. xxi; 1905, xiv, p. 344.
[38] See American Journal of Physiology, 1913, 1914.
[39] Cannon and Murphy: Journal of the American Medical Association, 1907, xlix, p. 840.
[40] Boldireff: Loc. cit., pp. 108–111.
[41] Cannon: American Journal of Physiology, 1911, xxix, p. 250.
[42] Haudek and Stigler: Archiv für die gesammte Physiologie, 1910, cxxxiii, p. 159.
CHAPTER XIV
THE INTERRELATIONS OF EMOTIONS
Emotions gain expression through discharges along the neurones of the autonomic nervous system. The reader will recall that this system has three divisions—the cranial and sacral, separated by the sympathetic—and that when the neurones of the mid-division meet in any organ the neurones of either of the end divisions, the influence of the two sets is antagonistic. As previously stated ([p. 35]), there is evidence that arrangements exist in the central nervous system for reciprocal innervation of these antagonistic divisions, just as there is reciprocal innervation of antagonistic skeletal muscles. The characteristic affective states manifested in the working of these three divisions have been described. Undoubtedly, these states have correspondents—activities and inhibitions—in the central neurones. The question now arises, are the states which appear in opposed divisions also in opposition?